Ngaba ukhe weva nge-DNA mutations? Masifunde nge-Somatic kunye ne-Germline Mutations ngendlela elula!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ezinye izifo emzimbeni wethu zidluliselwa njani ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye , okanye ukuba ezinye izifo zivela njani ngequbuliso? Esinye sezizathu zoku kukutshintsha okuncinci okwenzeka kwiijini zethu, oko kukuthi, utshintsho lweDNA ( utshintsho lweDNA ). Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Zithini iinguqu ze-DNA? Masiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, utshintsho lwe-DNA lutshintsho kulandelelwano lwe-DNA yakho, oko kukuthi, ulwazi lwakho lwezakhi zofuzo. Cinga ngayo njengeresiphi yokwenza isitya. Ukuba unobumba okanye igama kule recipe litshintshile kancinci, incasa yesitya ingatshintsha, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto utshintsho lwe-DNA lufana. Olu tshintsho kwi-DNA, oko kukuthi, utshintsho, ludla ngokwenzeka xa iiseli zethu zahlukana kwaye kwakheka iiseli ezintsha. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, uninzi lwexesha olu tshintsho kwi-DNA alunampembelelo inkulu kwindlela esibunjwe ngayo izakhi zofuzo, kwaye alubangeli sifo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iinguqulelo ezinokubangela iimeko zezakhi zofuzo ezichaphazela impilo yethu. Kukho amawaka eenguqu ezinjalo zezakhi zofuzo ezinokwenzeka xa iiseli zethu zahlukana kwaye kwakheka iiseli ezintsha. Phakathi kwazo, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

• Iinguqu ze-germline
• Utshintsho lweSomatic

Ngoku makhe sijonge ezi ntlobo zimbini ngokwahlukeneyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zenguqu: i-germline kunye ne-somatic.

Zithini iinguqu zeGermline?

Utshintsho lwe-germline lutshintsho olwenzeka kwiiseli zokuzala zabazali, nokuba ziiseli zamaqanda okanye iiseli zesidoda. Olu tshintsho lutshintsha izinto zemfuza umntwana azifumana kubazali bakhe. Ngamafutshane, olu tshintsho luvela kwilifa. Ungalufumana njengelifa olu tshintsho lwe-germline kumama wakho okanye kutata wakho.

Khawucinge ukuba kukho umahluko omncinci, utshintsho, kwenye yeeseli zamaqanda zikamama okanye zikatata okanye iiseli zesidoda . Emva koko, xa ezo seli zidibana ukuze zenze umntwana, olo tshintsho ludluliselwa emntwaneni. Yiyo loo nto ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziinguqu zelifa.

Zithini iinguqu zeSomatic?

Iinguqu ze-somatic ziinguqu ezenzeka kwi-DNA yayo nayiphi na iseli emzimbeni womntu engeyiyo iseli yokuzala (iqanda okanye isidoda) emva kokukhulelwa. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, ezi nguqu ze-somatic azidluliselwa kubazali ukuya kubantwana (hayi ngokwelifa).Ezi zinokwenzeka ngequbuliso, oko kuthetha ukuba ngaphandle kwembali yosapho, ngequbuliso. Kwakhona, azidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ngamafutshane, ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-DNA yakho emva kokuba uzelwe, njengeseli yolusu okanye iseli yemiphunga, lutshintsho lwe-somatic. Aludluliselwa kubantwana bakho.

Ezi nguqu zichaphazela njani imizimba yethu?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, uninzi lweenguqu azisibangeli ngxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinguqu zinokubangela iimpawu. Iimeko zemfuza ziingxaki ezibangelwa lutshintsho kwi-genome yethu. I-genome yakho yiseti epheleleyo yolwazi lwemfuza olwenziwe yi-DNA yakho, ii-genes, kunye nee-chromosomes.

Ngaba utshintsho lunokudluliselwa kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye?

Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu.

• Utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo lwe-germline lunokufunyanwa njengelifa kuba utshintsho lwenzeka kwiiseli zokuzala (amaqanda okanye isidoda). Ekubeni amaqanda kunye nesidoda zidluliselwa kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni, utshintsho nalo lufunyanwa njengelifa.
• Awunakufumana ilifa leenguqu zomzimba kuba zenzeka ngokungacwangciswanga kwiiseli ezingezizo amaqanda okanye isidoda.

Iphi i-DNA yethu? Injani na?

I-DNA ifumaneka kwiseli nganye emzimbeni wethu (kukho iitriliyoni zeeseli emzimbeni wethu!). Iqulethe ikhowudi yethu yemfuza. Le khowudi yemfuza ifana nencwadi yemiyalelo yokusebenza kwemizimba yethu. Ngokuphathelele imilo ye-DNA, sisakhiwo esenziwe ziziseko ezine:

• I-Adenine (A)
• I-Cytosine (C)
• I-Thymine (T)
• I-Guanine (i-Guanine - G)

Ezi ziseko zidibene ngababini: u-A no-T, u-C no-G. Ezi zibini zesiseko, kunye nemolekyuli yeswekile kunye nemolekyuli ye-phosphate, zenza ii-nucleotides. Xa ezi nucleotides zidityanisiwe, zenza izitebhisi ezijikelezayo ngaphakathi kweeseli zethu, i-double helix. Kule meko, ii-base pairs zifana nezitebhisi zezitebhisi, kwaye iimolekyuli zeswekile kunye ne-phosphate zifana nee-handrails zezitebhisi. Ayiloyilo olumangalisayo na?

Kwenzeka njani kwaye phi utshintsho lwe-germline?

Utshintsho kwi-germline lubangela utshintsho kwi-DNA yeeseli zokuzala. Xa iqanda kunye nesidoda zidibana ngexesha lokuchumisa, ezo seli ziyahlukana ukuze zenze iiseli ezintsha, zenze i-embryo. Abazali abathwala utshintsho banokudlulisela utshintsho kubantwana babo.

Kwenzeka njani kwaye phi utshintsho lwe-somatic?

Utshintsho lwe-somatic lutshintsho kwi-DNA yomntu oluvela emva kokuchumisa, nakweyiphi na iseli emzimbeni wakhe engeyiyo i-sperm okanye iqanda (iiseli ze-germ). Iiseli zabantu zihlala zahlukana kwaye zithathelwa indawo ziiseli ezintsha. Ukuba utshintsho lwenzeka, zonke ezinye iiseli eziphuhliswa kuloo seli ichaphazelekayo ziya kuba nolo tshintsho kwi-DNA yazo.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo?

Iimeko ezizuzwe njengelifa zibangelwa kukuguquka kwe-germline. Kukho amakhulu eemeko ezinjalo, kodwa ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ezinxulumene nokuguquka kwe-germline zezi:

• Isifo seSickle cell
• Icystic fibrosis
• Isifo sikaTay -Sachs
• Isifo sikaHuntington

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa kukuguquka kwesimo somzimba?

Utshintsho lwe-Somatic lunokubangela izifo ezichaphazela impilo yomntu. Ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo ezibangelwa lutshintsho lwe-somatic zezi:

• Umhlaza wolusu
• Umhlaza wemiphunga
• Isifo sikaMcCune-Albright
• Isifo seSturge-Weber

Ngaba kukho iimvavanyo zokufumanisa ezi nguqu?

Ewe, uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokufumanisa olu tshintsho, oko kukuthi, utshintsho kwiijini zakho, ii-chromosomes, okanye iiproteni. Uvavanyo lwemfuza lunokufumanisa ukuba yeyiphi ijini okanye i-chromosome enenguqu. Ukuba kukho imbali yosapho yeemeko zemfuza kubazali, olu vavanyo lwemfuza lunokunceda ukuqonda umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana onemeko yemfuza.

Sizikhusela njani kwezi nguqu?

Oku nako kufuneka kuxoxwe ngako ngamacandelo amabini.

Izinto ezinokunciphisa utshintsho lwe-somatic:

Ngethamsanqa, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wotshintsho lwe-somatic:

• Ukusebenzisa isithambisi sokukhusela ilanga xa uselangeni kunye nokunciphisa ukuchatshazelwa yimitha ye-UV.
• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela, ezifana nemaski yokukhusela kunye neeglavu, xa usebenza ngeekhemikhali.
• Akutshayi.
• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga.

Masiqaphele iinguqu zeGermline:

Asinakuyithintela i-germline mutations ezuzwe njengelifa. Nangona kunjalo, ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwe-genetic ukuze uqonde umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana one-germline mutations. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unembali yosapho lwakho ye-genetic.

Khumbula eyona nto ibalulekileyo! (Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya)

Ngokwento esithethe ngayo namhlanje, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uyaqonda ukuba utshintsho kwi-DNA yethu, okanye utshintsho kwi-DNA, asinto yokoyika.

Uninzi lwexesha, utshintsho kwi-DNA alubangeli iimeko zemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinguqu kwi-DNA zinokuchaphazela impilo yakho.

• Ukuba unembali yentsapho eneemeko zemfuza, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lwemfuza ukuze uqonde umngcipheko wokuba nomntwana one-germline mutation.
• Zama ukuphepha utshintsho lwe-somatic kangangoko unako, olungenalo ilifa. Ukuze wenze oku, zikhusele elangeni, uphephe iikhemikhali eziyingozi, kwaye ugcine indlela yokuphila esempilweni.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha.