Masithethe ngenkqubo eyimfihlo elawula uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho: (Inkqubo yeRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone - RAAS)!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi aluyonto nje engenakulawulwa nguwe? Enyanisweni, kukho inkqubo entsonkothileyo nemangalisayo engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu yokuyilawula. Leyo yinkqubo esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system , okanye i-RAAS ngamafutshane. Ungakhathazeki, nangona igama lide kancinci, masiliqonde ngokulula.

Yintoni le RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System)?

Kulungile, yintoni ke i-RAAS (iNkqubo yeRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone)? Ngamafutshane, yinkqubo edibeneyo yeehomoni, iiproteni, kunye nee-enzymes emizimbeni yethu ezisebenzisanayo. Ifana neqela elincinci eliyilwe kakuhle. Umsebenzi ophambili wale qela kukulawula uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi kunye nobungakanani bolwelo emizimbeni yethu, oko kukuthi, umthamo wegazi, ixesha elide.

Cinga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu njengemibhobho ethwala amanzi. Ubungakanani begazi elihamba ngale mibhobho, kunye noxinzelelo oluphuma kuloo gazi eludongeni lwemibhobho, yinto esiyibiza ngokuba luxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa yile RAAS kukwandisa ukufunxwa kwakhona kwetyuwa (i-sodium) kunye namanzi emzimbeni. Emva koko ubungakanani bolwelo emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, umthamo wegazi, luyanda. Ikwabangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe. Oko kukuthi, ilawula ithoni yemithambo yegazi. Konke oku kunceda ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi lukwinqanaba elifunekayo, okanye endaweni yoko, kwinqanaba elisempilweni.

Kukho abadlali abathathu abaphambili kule nkqubo yeRAAS , njengabalinganiswa abaphambili kumdlalo:

• URenin: Le yi-enzyme.
• I-Angiotensin II: Le yi-hormone.
• I-Aldosterone : Le ikwayi-hormone.

Ukucacisa la magama mabini kancinci, ii-enzymes ziintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeproteni ezinceda kwaye zikhawulezise ukusabela kweekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Zinceda ekwenzeni ezinye izinto zibe zintsha kwaye ziqhekeze ezinye izinto. IiHormone zizithunywa zeekhemikhali ezilungelelanisa imisebenzi yemizimba yethu. Zihamba ngegazi kwaye zixelele amalungu ahlukeneyo, izihlunu, kunye nezicubu into ekufuneka yenziwe kunye nexesha ekufuneka yenziwe ngalo. Kufana nenkonzo yeposi yomzimba wethu.

Ngoko ke, yintoni uxinzelelo lwegazi?

Xa usiya kugqirha, balinganisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi nge-cuff engalweni yakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, olu luxinzelelo oludalwa ligazi elingaphakathi kwimithambo yakho rhoqo xa intliziyo yakho ibetha. Olu xinzelelo luqhelekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuphumeni kwegazi ngokufanelekileyo entliziyweni yethu ukuya kuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba wethu.

Uxinzelelo lwegazi luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, njengobungakanani begazi elimpompa intliziyo yakho kunye nobubanzi bemithambo yegazi apho igazi lakho lihamba khona.

Izinto ezininzi, ezinje ngamayeza athile, amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol, kunye nokutshaya, zinokuchaphazela uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ephambili enoxanduva lokulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi yi-RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System). Kodwa khumbula, ukuba une-high blood pressure (hypertension) okanye i-low blood pressure (hypotension), akufuneki ukuba yingxaki rhoqo kwinkqubo ye-RAAS. Kunokubakho ezinye izizathu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-RAAS kunye ne-baroreceptor reflex?

Zombini ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci.

I-RAAS (iNkqubo yeRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone) isebenza ngokuyintloko ukulawula umthamo wegazi ixesha elide kunye nokumelana kwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wonke.

Kwelinye icala, i-baroreceptor reflex, okanye njengoko abanye beyibiza njalo , i-baroreflex , isebenza xa kukho ukwehla kwexesha elifutshane koxinzelelo lwegazi. Oko kukuthi, isabela ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho oluncinci, olukhawulezayo kuxinzelelo lwegazi ukusuka kwintliziyo ukuya kwintliziyo. Ezi baroreceptors, ezikwimithambo yethu, zikhawuleza zazise inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo malunga nolu tshintsho.

Ngawaphi amalungu abalulekileyo abandakanyekayo kwi-RAAS?

Amalungu aliqela, amadlala, kunye nezicubu zomzimba wethu zisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nkqubo yeRAAS isebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Ezona zibalulekileyo kwezi zezi:

• Izintso : Ezi zezokuqala ukukhupha i-renin.
• Isibindi: Iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensinogen yenziwa apha.
• Imithambo yegazi: Ezi zezona zinto zinciphisayo nezinyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Imiphunga: Eyona ndawo iphambili ye-enzyme ye-ACE.
• Ii-adrenal glands: Ezi zii-adrenal glands ezimbini ezincinci, ezimile okwe-triangular ezikwi-top of our kidneys. Zivelisa i-aldosterone.
• I-pituitary gland: Le yi-gland encinci enobukhulu obufana nethambo, ekwisiseko sobuchopho, ngaphantsi kwe-hypothalamus. Ivelisa i-hormone i-ADH.
• I-Hypothalamus: Le yindawo yengqondo eququzelela umsebenzi wenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo kunye ne-pituitary gland.

Jonga ukuba zingaphi izinto ekufuneka zisebenzisane ukuze into enye isebenze!

Isebenza njani kanye kanye le nkqubo yeRAAS?

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba le RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System) isebenza njani. Le yinkqubo eyenzeka ngamanyathelo aliqela:

1. Okokuqala, khawucinge ukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luyehla kancinci ngequbuliso . Okanye ukuba inani legazi eliya kwizintso liyehla. Ngaloo mzuzu, izintso zethu ezimbini ezikrelekrele zikhupha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-renin egazini.

2. Emva koko le renin iyahamba ize iphule iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensinogen , eyenziwa esibindini sethu ize yongezwe egazini. Kufana nokusika iphepha ngesikere. Emva koko kwakheka ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensin I.

3. Kodwa le angiotensin I ayisebenzi kakhulu, oko kukuthi, ayinampembelelo ingako (ayisebenzi). Ngoko ke xa idada egazini, i-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) emiphungeni nasezintsoni zethu iyayiqhekeza ibe ziingceba ezingaphezulu. Kulapho ke i-hormone esebenzayo kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensin II idalwa khona.

4. Ngoku le angiotensin II yeyona isebenzayo. Ibangela ngequbuliso ukuba iindonga zemisipha zemithambo yethu emincinci, ii-arterioles, zinciphe. Cinga ngayo njengokucinezela umbhobho wamanzi aze amanzi ahambe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye xa imithambo incipha, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyanda. Ayipheleli apho, le angiotensin II inika imiqondiso kumadlala ethu e-adrenal ukuba akhuphe ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi -aldosterone . Ikwaxelela i-pituitary gland ukuba ikhuphe ihomoni yokulwa nokudaya, i-ADH (iHormone ye-Antidiuretic), okanye iVasopressin .

5. Okulandelayo, i-aldosterone kunye ne-ADH ziyasebenzisana ukuxelela izintso ukuba ziphinde zifunxe ityuwa efunekayo ngumzimba, oko kukuthi, isodiyam, emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, ukuze igcinwe. Kwangaxeshanye, i-aldosterone ixelela izintso ukuba zikhuphe i-potassium engayidingiyo ngumzimba kumchamo .

6. Ngoko ke, xa ubungakanani besodium egazini busanda, umzimba uqala ukugcina amanzi. Emva koko umthamo wegazi uyanda, kwaye kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi luyanda. Yile ndlela le nkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone egqitywa ngayo. Uxinzelelo lwegazi lubuyela kwisiqhelo.

Inkqubo ye-RAAS inokwenziwa isebenze ngamanye amahomoni amaninzi. Umzekelo , ii-corticosteroids, i-estrogen, kunye namahomoni e-thyroid nazo zinokuvuselela inkqubo.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kokusilela kwentliziyo kunye ne-RAAS?

Ngoku makhe sijonge le nkqubo ye-RAAS, abanye abayibiza ngokuba kukusilela kwentliziyo.Luthini ulwalamano phakathi kwesi sifo kunye nenkqubo ye-RAAS? Enyanisweni, emzimbeni womntu onesifo sentliziyo, le nkqubo ye-RAAS idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inzima.

Ekuqaleni, xa intliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo (oko kukuthi, xa intliziyo ibuthathaka), ayikwazi ukunika igazi elaneleyo kwizitho ezibalulekileyo zomzimba. Ngelo xesha, utshintsho kwinkqubo ye-RAAS luqala ukwenzeka njengendlela yokulungisa oku. Ngamanye amazwi, umzimba uzama ukulungisa oku kusilela.

Ngokukodwa, i-RAAS ikhupha ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi -Angiotensin II ukuzama ukubuyisa ukuhamba kwegazi okunciphileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukhululwa kwe-Angiotensin II okukhulayo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunokwenza isifo sentliziyo sibe sibi ngakumbi. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba oku kugqithisileyo kwe-Angiotensin II kubangela ukwanda nokuguqulwa kwentliziyo.

Ngokuchanekileyo, xa intliziyo ibuthathaka kwaye ikhupha igazi elincinci, umzimba ucinga, 'Owu, uxinzelelo lwam lwegazi luphantsi, andinalo igazi elaneleyo.' Ngoko ke i-RAAS iyasebenza ukuze yonyuse uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye yonyuse umthamo wegazi. Nangona oko kunokunceda kwixesha elifutshane, kwixesha elide, kongeza uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwintliziyo esele ibuthathaka.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, xa benyanga abantu abanesifo sentliziyo, oogqirha basebenzisa amayeza achaphazela ngqo inkqubo ye-RAAS kwaye alawula ukusebenza kwayo. La mayeza ayayithintela inkqubo ye-RAAS ekusebenzeni ngendlela engeyomfuneko. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Ii-Beta-blockers
• Izithinteli ze-enzyme eziguqula i-angiotensin (izithinteli ze-ACE)
• Ii-Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
• Ii-Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs)

La mayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo olungeyomfuneko entliziyweni kwaye anceda ukulawula izifo zentliziyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kukuba

Ngoko ke, ngoku ungabona indlela ebaluleke neyinkimbinkimbi ngayo inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS) ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi lwethu nakwimpilo yentliziyo. Isenokubonakala inzima kancinci, kodwa yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ukuze imizimba yethu ihlale isempilweni. Isebenza njengonjineli omncinci ngaphakathi emzimbeni wethu.

Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga noxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, umzekelo, ukuba uneempawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi , okanye ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunzima ukululawula, nceda ubone ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.Bakulungele ukukunceda nokuphendula imibuzo yakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinjalo, kuba kulapho kuphela apho sinokuthi senze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nempilo yethu. Ukwazi umzimba wakho yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphila ubomi obusempilweni.

Inkqubo ye - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, i-RAAS, uxinzelelo lwegazi, iihomoni, izintso, isifo sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ii-enzymes, i-aldosterone, i-angiotensin