Umzimba wakho uzenza njani iiseli ezibomvu zegazi? Masithethe nge (Erythropoiesis)!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ezi seli zibomvu zegazi, okanye iiseli ezibomvu zegazi , ziveliswa njani ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu? Le yinkqubo emangalisayo, eyinkimbinkimbi, nebalulekileyo ebomini bethu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngendlela ezi seli zibomvu zegazi eziveliswa ngayo, kwezonyango sizibiza ngokuba yi - Erythropoiesis. Oku kufana nomzi-mveliso omncinci emzimbeni wethu, ohlala uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha.

Yintoni i-Erythropoiesis? Kutheni ibalulekile kuthi?

Ngamafutshane, (i-Erythropoiesis) yinkqubo umzimba wakho oyenza ngayo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (kwezonyango, sikwabiza oku ngokuthi "ii-Erythrocytes"). Le nkqubo yiyo eyenza imizimba yethu ibe nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo weeseli ezibomvu zegazi - hayi ezimbalwa kakhulu, hayi ezininzi kakhulu. Cinga nje ukuba ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu!

Bazi:

• Xa siphefumla, ioksijini ingena emiphungeni ize ithwalwe iye kuzo zonke ezinye izicwili kunye neeseli emzimbeni. Ifana neeposi ezincinci emizimbeni yethu.
• Kwakhona, ikharbon diokside eveliswa kwizicubu zomzimba wethu ibuyiselwa emiphungeni, apho ikhutshwa khona xa sikhupha umoya.

Ngoko ke uyabona, asinakuphila ngaphandle kwezi seli zibomvu zegazi. Siphilile kuba inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-erythropoiesis yenzeka ngendlela eyiyo.

I-Erythropoiesis yinxalenye yenkqubo enkulu. Yonke inkqubo yokwenza zonke iintlobo ezintathu zeeseli zegazi emzimbeni wethu ibizwa ngokuba yi-" Hematopoiesis ".

• Inkqubo yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ibizwa ngokuba yi-``Erythropoiesis'' (leyo sithetha ngayo ngoku).
• Inkqubo yokwenza iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ibizwa ngokuba yi-``Leukopoiesis```.
• Ukuveliswa kweeplatelets (iiseli ezinceda ekuqhekekeni kwegazi) kuthiwa yi-`Thrombopoiesis''.

Ingaba oku (i-Erythropoiesis) kwenzeka phi?

Indawo apho ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zenziwa khona iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Xa umntwana esesibelekweni (i-Fetal erythropoiesis)

I-Erythropoiesis iqala ngaphambi kokuba sizalwe, oko kukuthi, xa sisesesibelekweni sikamama wethu.

• Malunga neeveki ezintathu: Oku kuqala kuqala kwisakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba yi-" Yolk Sac" esondla i-embryo.
• Emva kweenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu: Emva koko, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyaveliswa kwisibindi nakwipleyini yomntwana ongekazalwa.
• Malunga neenyanga ezintlanu: Le nkqubo iqala kumongo wethambo lomntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa. Umongo wethambo yinxalenye ethambileyo nethambileyo engaphakathi kwamathambo ethu.

Abantwana kunye nabantu abadala (i-Erythropoiesis)

Emva kokuba sizelwe, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziveliswa ikakhuluKumongo wethambo .

• Abantwana: Ngexesha lobuntwana, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziveliswa kumongo wamathambo amaninzi emzimbeni.
• Abantu abadala: Njengoko sikhula, oku kusebenza kuphela kumathambo athile. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezifana ne-pelvis, i-vertebrae, iimbambo, kunye ne-breastbone.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Medullary kunye ne-Extramedullary erythropoiesis?

Nangona la magama mabini esenokubonakala entsonkothile kancinci, kulula ukuwaqonda.

• `(Medullary)` ithetha into enxulumene nomongo wethambo. Ngoko ke, `(Medullary erythropoiesis)` ithetha ukwakheka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngaphakathi komongo wethambo. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo.
• I-extramedullary erythropoiesis ibhekisa ekudalweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngaphandle komongo wethambo, njengakwisibindi kunye nepleen.

Kwinqanaba losana olungekazalwa, oku (i-extramedullary erythropoiesis) kuyinto eqhelekileyo. Kodwa xa kwenzeka kumntu omdala, kunokuba luphawu lwesifo okanye ingxaki ethile kumongo wethambo. Emva koko oogqirha bayayijonga.

Ngawaphi amanqanaba okwakheka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi?

Iseli ebomvu yegazi ayibumbi ngaxeshanye, luhambo oludlula kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo. Kufana necimbi eliba libhabhathane.

Zonke ezi seli zegazi ziqala kwiseli enye esisiseko. Siyibiza ngokuba yi- "Hematopoietic stem cell" (HSC) . Oku kufana ne-"master cell." Le seli ye-HSC inokuba yiyo nayiphi na kwezi seli zibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiplatelets.

Xa kuza kuveliswa iseli ebomvu yegazi, le seli ye-HSC iba yiseli ebizwa ngokuba yi -``Common myeloid progenitor'' (CMP) . Le seli ye-CMP inokuba yiseli ebomvu yegazi, iplatelet, okanye ezinye iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Okulandelayo, iseli ye-CMP eza kuba yiseli ebomvu yegazi ikhula ibe yi -``Megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell'' (MEP) .

Xa sele i-MEP, loo seli isendleleni eya ekubeni yiseli ebomvu yegazi. Emva koko idlula kwezinye izigaba ezininzi:

• `(I-Proerythroblast)` (I-Proerythroblast)
• `(I-Erythroblast)` (I-Erythroblast)
• `(Normoblast)` (Normoblast)
• `(I-Reticulocyte)` (I-Reticulocyte) - Le yiseli ebomvu yegazi eselula.
• Ekugqibeleni, iba yi- "Erythrocyte" evuthiweyo ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, iseli ebomvu yegazi njengoko sisazi.

Ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ezipheleleyo zikhutshwa zingene egazini zisuka kumongo wethambo. Kulapho ke ziqala khona umsebenzi wazo obalulekileyo - ukuthwala ioksijini zize zisuse ikharbon dioxide.

Ithatha ixesha elingakanani le nkqubo?

Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha malunga neveki ukuba iseli enye ebomvu yegazi yenziwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila kweseli ebomvu yegazi?

Iseli enye ebomvu yegazi ihlala emizimbeni yethu kangangeentsuku ezili-120 .Oko kukuthi. Emva koko ezo seli ziyafa, kuze kwenziwe iiseli ezintsha endaweni yazo. Lo ngumjikelo ohlala usenzeka.

Yintoni elawula oku (i-Erythropoiesis)?

Imizimba yethu ilawula le nkqubo (i-Erythropoiesis) ngendlela emangalisayo. Eyona nto iphambili linqanaba leoksijini emizimbeni yethu.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba izicubu zakho azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo (siyibiza le meko ngokuthi "yiHypoxia"), umzimba wakho uya kukhawulezisa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokuzenzekelayo. Kuba xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zisanda, ubungakanani beoksijini eya kwizicubu buyanda.

Le nkqubo (i-Erythropoiesis) ivuselelwa, oko kukuthi, ivuselelwa, yi-hormone ekhethekileyo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -`(Erythropoietin)` (EPO ).

Yintoni le (i-Erythropoietin - EPO)?

I-Erythropoietin (EPO) yi -hormone enyusa ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ii-hormone zifana nezithunywa zeekhemikhali eziququzelela imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emizimbeni yethu. Uninzi lwe-EPO olufunwa yimizimba yethu lwenziwa zizintso zethu.

Nantsi indlela eyenzeka ngayo oku:

1. Ngenxa yokuba inani leeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi liphantsi, izicubu zomzimba wakho azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.

2. Ukuphendula oku, izintso zakho zikhupha i-hormone ye-EPO engaphezulu.

3. Le hormone ye-EPO ivuselela umongo wakho wethambo ukuze wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaphezulu.

4. Njengoko inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi lisanda, inani le-``(iHemoglobin)`` (iproteni ethwala ioksijini) kuzo nalo liyanda. Xa izintso ziva oku, ziyanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwazo kwe-EPO.

5. Ngale ndlela, inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wethu ligcinwa kwinqanaba elithile. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"(Homeostasis)`` (homeostasis).

Izintso zethu zihlala zikhupha inani elincinci le-EPO ukuze zithintele ukwakheka kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngenxa yokuba malunga ne-1% yeeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi ziyafa yonke imihla, (i-Erythropoiesis) yiyo ehlawula loo ntsilelo.

Ukuba inqanaba leeseli ezibomvu zegazi liyatshintsha ngenxa yokugula okanye ingozi, izintso ziya kwandisa okanye zinciphise ukuveliswa kwe-EPO ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba kukho ingxaki nge-erythropoiesis?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki okanye isiphene kwinkqubo yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, usenokuba neeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezimbalwa okanye ezingaphezulu .

• Inani eliphantsi leeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -anemia . Oku kuthetha ukuba izicubu zomzimba wakho azifumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Oku kunokukwenza uzive ubuthathaka, udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ude ubanda . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-anemia.
• Ukwanda kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi: Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -`(Erythrocytosis)` (erythrocytosis). Xa oku kusenzeka, ngamanye amaxesha unokufumana iimpawu ezincinci ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokudinwa. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kwisizathu, ngamanye amaxesha kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu ezifana nokuqhekeka kwegazi .

Ziziphi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela i-erythropoiesis?

Kukho izifo ezininzi kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukuveliswa kunye nolawulo lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi emizimbeni yethu.

Izifo ezinxulumene nemiphunga

Ezi zinokunciphisa ubungakanani beoksijini efunyanwa ngumzimba, nto leyo enokutshintsha imveliso ye-EPO.

• Isifuba
• Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (i-COPD)

Umhlaza ochaphazela igazi okanye umongo wethambo

Ezi zinokuphazamisana ngqo nenkqubo yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

• I-Leukemia
• I-Lymphoma
• I-Myeloma
• Iingxaki zeMyeloproliferative

Ezinye izizathu

• Ukunqongophala kwesondlo: Ingakumbi ukunqongophala kwe-iron, i-vitamin B12, kunye ne-folate (i-folic acid) kunokubangela ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi okungekuhle. Ezi zizinto zokwakha ezifunekayo ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Ukuhlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo: Kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, kukho ioksijini encinci emoyeni. Ke ngoko, ukuze umzimba uziqhelanise, uvelisa i-EPO engaphezulu kwaye wonyusa imveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Imizimba yethu yenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha ebomini bethu bonke. Xa iiseli ezindala zisifa, umzimba uyazibona ezi nguqu kwaye wonyusa imveliso ye-EPO, ngaloo ndlela wonyusa imveliso yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukuze sigcine unikezelo olusempilweni lweoksijini kwiithishu zethu, kufuneka sibe nenani elifanelekileyo leeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngethamsanqa, umzimba ulawula le nkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle komzamo wethu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esiphazamisa le nkqubo (erythropoiesis), ugqirha wakho unokusinyanga okanye asilawule.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Erythropoiesis yinkqubo ebaluleke kakhulu evelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi emzimbeni wethu.
• Ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zizo ezithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu zize zisuse ikharbon diokside.
• Le nkqubo yenzeka ikakhulu kumongo wethu wethambo .
• Ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-Erythropoietin (EPO) , eveliswa ikakhulu zizintso, inceda ekulawuleni le nkqubo.
• Iingxaki ngale nkqubo zinokubangela i-anemia (ukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi) okanye i-erythrocytosis (ukwanda kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi).
• I-erythropoiesis efanelekileyo ibalulekile kubomi obusempilweni. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, qiniseka ukuba ucela ingcebiso kagqirha .

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda kakuhle le nkqubo imangalisayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-(Erythropoiesis). Zininzi izinto ezenzekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu esingazaziyo, akunjalo?

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-erythropoiesis, umongo wethambo, i-anemia, ioksijini, i-erythropoietin, izintso