Ngaba ufuna uncedo ngeengxaki zakho zokuthetha nokuginya? Masifunde ngeNgcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esinokuba sibalulekile kubantu abaninzi. Loo nto yi-Speech-Language Pathologists . Usenokuba ukhe waliva eli gama, okanye ukhe waliva libizwa ngokuba yi-'Speech Therapist'. Ngoobani aba bantu? Benza ntoni? Masithethe ngayo yonke le nto ngokulula.

Ngubani lo gqirha wengqondo othetha nolwimi?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yentetho nolwimi yingcali exilonga kwaye inyange naziphi na iingxaki onokuba nazo ngokuthetha, ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, okanye ukuginya . Ngokuchanekileyo, aba ngabantu abanolwazi olunzulu ngeengxaki zentetho, ulwimi, ilizwi, kunye nokuginya.

Khawucinge nje, nabani na, ukususela kusana olusandul’ ukuzalwa ukuya kumntu omdala, unokufuna uncedo kwaba bantu. Abanye abantwana abancinci bayalibaziseka ekuthetheni okanye banengxaki yokuqonda oko kuthethwayo. Bakwanceda abantu abanengxaki yokuthetha ngenxa yokwenzakala engqondweni, umhlaza wentloko nentamo, okanye imeko yemithambo-luvo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, igama elithi 'Speech-Language Pathologist' (SLP) lichanekile kwaye lifanelekile kunelithi 'Speech Therapist', njengoko ezi ngcali zisebenzisa unyango lokuthetha ukunceda abantu abaneengxaki zonxibelelwano nokuginya.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yentetho nolwimi?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi kanye kanye iimeko ezinyangwa ngaba bagqirha bezentetho nolwimi. Olu luhlu lude kancinci, kodwa ndiza kulugcina lula kuwe ukuze uluqonde.

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha: Oku kubhekisa ekubunzima bokubiza amagama ngokucacileyo xa uthetha, oko kuthetha ukuba kunzima ukusebenzisa kakuhle izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuvelisa izandi. Umzekelo, abanye abantu banobunzima bokubiza unobumba u-'r', okanye benza isandi esahlukileyo endaweni ka-'l'. Izinto ezinjalo.
• Iingxaki zokunxibelelana kwengqondo: Ezi ziingxaki apho unxibelelwano luphazamiseka ngenxa yeengxaki zokusebenza kwengqondo. Umzekelo, ubunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo, ukucwangcisa iingcinga, okanye ukukhumbula izinto.
• Iingxaki zolwimi: Oku kuquka ubunzima bokufunda amagama, izivakalisi, okanye amabali, nokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye. Kunokuba nzima nokuveza iingcinga zakho ngendlela abanye abanokuyiqonda. Umzekelo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Aphasia)` (ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ulwimi ngenxa yomonakalo engqondweni) iwela kolu luhlu.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwefonetiki: Kule meko, nangona izihlunu ezivelisa intetho zikwazi ukuvelisa izandi ngokufanelekileyo, izandi ezivelayo azilandeli imithetho yentetho. Ngamafutshane, izandi ezikwigama azilandeli ngokulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo, okanye ezinye izandi ziyashiywa.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesandi: Ezi ziimeko ezichaphazela indlela isandi esihamba ngayo emlonyeni, empumlweni, nasemqaleni xa uthetha. Umzekelo, umntu one-cleft palate unokuba nelizwi elirhabaxa. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-cleft palate itshintsha indlela amaza esandi angcangcazela ngayo.
• Iingxaki zonxibelelwano lwentlalo: Ezi ziingxaki zokunxibelelana nokutshintshiselana ngezimvo nabanye abantu eluntwini. Basenokuba nobunzima bokuqonda iimpawu zentlalo ezibanceda baqonde kwaye banxibelelane nabanye. Umzekelo, xa abantu ababini bethetha, bayatshintshana ngokuthetha baze bamamele oko kuthethwa ngomnye umntu.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha: Ezi ziimeko ezenza kube nzima ukuthetha nokwenza abanye baqonde into oyithethayo. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukungathethi kakuhle ebuntwaneni, ukungathintitha, ukubopha ulwimi/i-ankyloglossia, kunye ne-dysarthria.
• Iingxaki zokuginya (Dysphagia): Iimeko ezenza kube nzima ukuginya ukutya, isiselo, okanye iipilisi ngokukhuselekileyo. Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu, kuba kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ukuba ukutya okanye isiselo sibambeka kwindlela yomoya.
• Iingxaki zelizwi (`Iingxaki zelizwi / iDysphonia`): Kulapho iintambo zelizwi zichaphazeleka khona kwaye kuba nzima ukuvelisa isandi. Umzekelo, iingxaki ngokusebenza kweentambo zelizwi (`ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentambo yelizwi`), izilonda zentambo yelizwi (`izilonda zentambo yelizwi`), kunye nokukhubazeka kwentambo yelizwi (`ukukhubazeka kwentambo yelizwi`).

Iingcali zonyango lwentetho nolwimi ngamanye amaxesha zinceda abantu abazizithulu nabangeva kakuhle ukuba banxibelelane ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lonyango luhlala lunikezelwa ziingcali ze-audiologists.

Sifanele sidibane nini?

Kulungile, ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza, "Ngaba mna, okanye umntwana wam, okanye ilungu losapho, kufuneka ndibone ingcali yezonyango efana nale?" Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha wakho wosapho (` Primary Care Physician` - PCP) okanye ingcali yakho yezonyango ngokubanzi inokukuthumela kwingcali yezonyango zentetho kunye nolwimi (`SLP`). Okanye, ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unengxaki efana nale, ungaya kubona ingcali efana nale ngokwakho.

Ukusebenza nogqirha wengqondo othetha nolwimi kunokukunceda:

• Ungayichaza ibali lakho ?
• Ungaphucula ubuchule bakho bokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye abantu kwaye uveze ezakho izimvo.
• Nabanye kuluntuKunceda ukunxibelelana ngcono.
• Inceda abo bangakwaziyo ukuthetha kakuhle, okanye abo bangakwaziyo ukuthetha konke konke, ukuba bafumane iindlela ezintsha zokunxibelelana .
• Ungaziqhelisa ukuginya ukutya ngokukhuselekileyo .

Zithini izinto abazikhethele zona?

Iingcali zonyango lwentetho nolwimi nazo zigxile kwiindawo ezithile. Basenokuba neesatifikethi ezikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezifana nezi:

• Iingxaki zolwimi lwabantwana: Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ulwazi kwiingxaki ezinxulumene nolwimi kubantwana abancinci.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuthetha kakuhle: Iingxaki ezichaphazela ukuthetha kakuhle, njengokungathintitha.
• Iingxaki zokuginya: Ulwazi olunzulu malunga nobunzima bokuginya.

Basebenza phi aba bantu?

Aba bagqirha bengqondo abathetha nolwimi basebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, abanye basebenza kwizikolo ezinabantwana abaneengxaki zophuhliso. Abanye basebenza kwizibhedlele zabantu abadala abaneengxaki zemithambo-luvo. Basebenza nakwiindawo ezifana nezi:

• Iindawo zokuhlala ezincediswayo
• Kweminye imibutho (`Iisetingi zeenkampani`)
• Iziseko zomkhosi
• Iikliniki okanye amaziko abucala
• Amaziko okubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo
• Amaziko okunakekela abahlengikazi abanezakhono/okhathalelo lwexesha elide

Ingcali yentetho nolwimi imnceda njani umntwana omncinci?

Ngoku makhe sibone indlela ingcali yentetho nolwimi (SLP) enokunceda ngayo umntwana omncinci. Badla ngokunyanga iingxaki zokuthetha (iingxaki zokuthetha ebuntwaneni) ezenzeka ebantwaneni abancinci.

• Zinceda abantwana ukuba basebenzise izandi namagama ngokuchanekileyo . Umzekelo, abanye abantwana bathi 'chachcha' xa besithi 'tata', okanye 'tapattu' endaweni yokuthi 'izihlangu'. Zibanceda balungise ezi zinto.
• Inceda ekuphuhliseni isakhono sokuqonda nokusebenzisa ulwimi. Oko kukuthi, ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, ukuthetha oko ufunayo, ukubuza imibuzo, ukubalisa amabali, njl.njl.
• Zikwanceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zolwimi ezifunekayo ukuze kunxibelelanwe kwiindawo zoluntu, njengakwiimeko zoluntu, njengakwizihlobo nasesikolweni. Umzekelo, indlela yokuthetha nabanye ngelixa udlala, kunye nendlela yokulinda ithuba lakho.

Kwakhona, ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuginya ukutya nokusela, ingcali yentetho nolwimi ingamnceda nakwelo tyala. Umzekelo, abanye abantwana abancinci bayakrwitshwa xa besela ubisi, okanye bakhohlela xa besitya. Banokufumana unobangela wezi zinto baze babafundise indlela yokuginya ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba ukuba abakwazi ukuginya ngokufanelekileyo, izinto ezifana neengxaki zokutya kunye nosulelo lwemiphunga zinokwenzeka.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Unxibelelwano lubalulekile kuthi sonke ukuze siphile njengabantu. Akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha siyalibala ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuthetha nokuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela xa olu nxibelelwano luphazamisekile ngesizathu esithile apho ixabiso lalo lifezekiswa khona.

Kulapho ke sidinga khona uncedo lwengcali yentetho nolwimi (SLP).

Aba ziingcali ezinokunyanga iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zokuthetha, ulwimi, kunye nelizwi. Akupheleli apho, banokunceda nasekuginyeni ubunzima.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba wena, umntwana wakho, okanye umntu okwintsapho yakho unokuba nengxaki efana nale, ungathandabuzi ukufuna uncedo kugqirha wengqondo yolwimi nolwimi. Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ebomini bakho. Khumbula, wonke umntu unelungelo lokunxibelelana ngokucacileyo nokuginya ngokukhuselekileyo .

Unyango lokuthetha , unyango lolwimi, iingxaki zokuthetha, ubunzima bokuginya, iingxaki zonxibelelwano, uphuhliso lwentetho yomntwana, unyango lokuthetha