Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngeengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Umzekelo, amagama afana nokudakumba, ixhala, kunye ne-OCD ngoku ayinxalenye eqhelekileyo yencoko yethu. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ugqirha angamfumanisa njani umntu ukuba unesifo esithile? Awunakuqikelela nje, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kukho incwadi ekhethekileyo esetyenziswa ngoogqirha bengqondo kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo kwihlabathi liphela. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngaloo ncwadi, i-DSM-5.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le DSM-5?
I-DSM imele i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . NgesiSinhala, ithetha 'i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'. Le yincwadi ephambili ebhekisa kwimpilo yengqondo kunye neemeko ezinxulumene nengqondo epapashwe yi-American Psychiatric Association (APA).
Igama liphela ngo-"5" kuba olu luhlelo lwesihlanu. I-DSM-5 yapapashwa okokuqala ngo-2013. Emva koko, ngoMatshi 2022, intlangano yakhupha inguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yale ncwadi, eyahlaziywa kunye nezinye zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-DSM-5-TR™. I-TR apha imele 'uHlaziyo lweText' okanye 'uHlaziyo lweText'.
Nangona kunjalo, nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule: I-DSM-5 kunye ne-DSM-5-TR ziincwadi zonyango ezenzelwe iingcali kunye neengcali. Izinto ezikule ncwadi zinobuchwephesha kakhulu. Akufanelekanga ukuba umntu oqhelekileyo afunde le ncwadi aze acinge ukuba unesifo okanye enze uxilongo lomnye umntu. Ukufunda le ncwadi akufanele kuthathwe njengento ethatha indawo yokubonisana nogqirha oqeqeshiweyo nofanelekileyo.
Yintoni eyona nto isetyenziswa yi-DSM-5?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba unomkhuhlane. Into yokuqala eyenziwa ngugqirha kukufumanisa ukuba yi-dengue, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, okanye olunye usulelo. Uza kwenza uvavanyo lwegazi aze amamele ngononophelo iimpawu zakho. Ngokufanayo, kwimeko yengxaki yengqondo, inyathelo lokuqala kunyango kukufumanisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesifo.
Incwadi ye-DSM-5 yenzelwe ukunceda kuloo msebenzi.
- Inika iinkcazo ezicacileyo nezineenkcukacha zesifo ngasinye sengqondo.
- Iimpawu kunye nohlobo lwesifo ngasinye zichazwe ngemizekelo.
- Kwakhona, le ncwadi yahlulahlula iimeko zonyango zibe ngamaqela, nto leyo eyenza kube lula koogqirha ukwahlula phakathi kwezi meko zimbini ezineempawu ezifanayo.
Ngamafutshane, oku kufana nemephu yendlela kagqirha. Kunceda ukufanisa imigaqo ekule ncwadi neempawu ezichazwa sisigulana, kwaye kufumaneke uxilongo oluchanekileyo.
Ngubani obhale incwadi ebaluleke kangaka? Njani?
Oku akwenziwanga ngobusuku obunye. I-American Psychiatric Association (APA) yahlanganisa iingcali zempilo yengqondo ezingaphezu kwe-160 ezivela kwihlabathi liphela ukuze zenze i-DSM-5. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho iingcali zengqondo, iingcali zengqondo, kunye neengcali kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza, amakhulu abanye iingcali banegalelo njengabacebisi. Ulwazi olukule ncwadi aluzange luqokelelwe nje kuphela; luqinisekiswe ngovavanyo nophando olwahlukeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba le yincwadi ethembekileyo kakhulu nesekelwe kwisayensi.
Yintoni equlethwe yiDSM-5?
Nangona i-DSM-5 igxile kakhulu kwiimeko zempilo yengqondo, ikwajongana nemiba enxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo, njengoko impilo yethu yengqondo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo kungenakuhlulwa. Le ncwadi yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu.
1. Inxalenye Yokuqala: Iziseko zeDSM-5: Eli candelo linika isikhokelo sendlela iingcali zonyango ezimele ziyisebenzise ngayo le ncwadi emsebenzini wazo. Likwanika isikhokelo sendlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadi xa zijongana nemiba yempilo yengqondo, efana nemiba yezomthetho kunye namatyala enkundla.
2. Icandelo lesiBini: Iikhrayitheriya zokuxilonga kunye neeKhowudi: Eli lelona candelo likhulu nelibaluleke kakhulu kwincwadi. Isahluko ngasinye simalunga nodidi oluthile lwesifo. Ngaphakathi kwezo zahluko, iimeko zesifo ezifanelekileyo zichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye kunikwe iikhrayitheriya ezifunekayo ukuze zichongwe. Siza kujonga oku ngokweenkcukacha kamva.
3. Inxalenye Yesithathu: Amanyathelo Avelayo kunye neeModeli: Eli candelo lixoxa ngezixhobo ezithile zovavanyo ezinceda oogqirha ukuba bachonge iimeko ezithile. Likwaxoxa ngendlela umahluko wenkcubeko onokuchaphazela ngayo ukuxilongwa, kwaye lixoxa ngeemeko ezinokongezwa kule ncwadi kwixesha elizayo ukuze kufundwe ngakumbi.
Ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphambili zeengxaki ezikhankanyiweyo kwincwadi yeDSM-5
Ngoku makhe sijonge iindidi eziphambili zeengxaki kule ncwadi. Usenokuba ukhe weva la magama ngaphambili. Luluhlu olude, kodwa lukunika umbono woluhlu olubanzi lweemeko zempilo yengqondo ezigutyungelwe kule ncwadi.
| Udidi lweSifo | Imizekelo ewela phantsi koko |
|---|---|
| Iingxaki zophuhliso lwe-Neurodevelopmental | Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum, i-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), iingxaki zokufunda |
| I-Schizophrenia Spectrum kunye nezinye iingxaki zengqondo | I-Schizophrenia, Ingxaki Yokungazithembi |
| I-Bipolar kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo | Iingxaki zeBipolar I kunye ne-II |
| Iingxaki zoXinzelelo | Ingxaki Enkulu Yokudakumba, Ingxaki Eqhubekayo Yokudakumba |
| Iingxaki zokuxhalaba | Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Okuqhelekileyo, Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Kwentlalo, I-Phobias |
| Izifo Ezibangelwa Kukuxhalaba Okugqithisileyo Nezinxulumene Nazo | Isifo sokungakhathali (OCD), iHoarding Disorder |
| Izifo Ezinxulumene Nokwenzakala Nokuxinezeleka | Ingxaki yoxinzelelo emva kwengozi (PTSD), ingxaki yokulungelelanisa |
| Iingxaki Zokutya Nezokutya | I-Anorexia Nervosa, iBulimia Nervosa |
| Iingxaki Zokulala Nokuvuka | Ingxaki Yokulala, Isifo Sokuphelelwa Yingqondo, Isifo Sokungakwazi Ukuphumla Kwemilenze |
| Iingxaki ezinxulumene neziyobisi kunye nokulutha | Ingxaki Yokusebenzisa Utywala, Iimpawu Ezinxulumene Nokuyeka Utywala |
| Iingxaki ze-Neurocognitive | I-Delirium, Isifo sika-Alzheimer, Isifo sikaParkinson, Ukulimala kobuchopho okubuhlungu |
| Iingxaki zoBuntu | Ingxaki yoBuntu obukwiBorderline (BPD), Ingxaki yoBuntu obuneNarcissistic |
Ngaba singayithenga okanye siyibone le ncwadi?
Ewe. I-DSM-5 iyafumaneka kwiivenkile zeencwadi nakwi-intanethi. Amathala eencwadi amaninzi kawonke-wonke anayo (nangona amanye esenokungakuvumeli ukuba uyikhuphe kwithala leencwadi, kodwa endaweni yoko uyijonge kwindawo).
Kodwa, mandikukhumbuze kwakhona, nangona le ncwadi ifumaneka kuluntu, ungalibali ukuba ijoliswe kwiingcali zonyango. Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi lunobuchwephesha kakhulu. Kunokuba nzima kakhulu kumntu oqhelekileyo ukuluqonda.
Cinga ngencwadi ethetha ngendlela yokubhabha inqwelo-moya. Ungayifunda, kwaye isenokuba nomdla. Kodwa ukufunda loo ncwadi akukwenzi uqeqeshwe njengomqhubi wenqwelo-moya, akunjalo? Kwaye kunjalo nangencwadi ye-DSM-5. Kunokuba yingozi ukuyifunda uze ugqibe kwelokuba wena okanye abanye banezifo zengqondo.
Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unokuba nesi sifo sichazwe kule ncwadi, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo.Njengokuba ubuya kufuna ugqirha ngaphandle kokwenza utyando kuwe, funa ingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo oqeqeshwe kwimiba yempilo yengqondo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-DSM-5 yincwadi eyintloko neqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngoogqirha bengqondo kunye neengcali zempilo yengqondo kwihlabathi liphela ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo izifo zengqondo.
- Oku kwenziwe ngokwesayensi ngeminikelo yamakhulu eengcali ezivela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela.
- Le ncwadi inika iinkcazo ezicacileyo kunye neendlela zokuxilonga imeko nganye, inceda kakhulu oogqirha ukuba babakhokelele kunyango olufanelekileyo.
- Okubaluleke kakhulu: I-DSM-5 sisixhobo sobuchwephesha esisetyenziswa ziingcali, kungekhona uluntu ngokubanzi ukuzixilonga. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unengxaki yempilo yengqondo, soloko ucela ingcebiso kugqirha .
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