Ugqirha wezifo zentloko nentamo: Ngubani i-otolaryngologist?

Ngaba wakha waba nengxaki ngendlebe yakho, impumlo, okanye umphimbo waza wazibuza ukuba ngubani oza kubonana naye? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho wosapho ukuthumele kwingcali. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngengcali enokusinceda ngamaxesha anje. Ngugqirha wezifo zamehlo lowo. Nangona igama lisenokuvakala lide kancinci, aba bantu banyanga izifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nentloko nentamo yethu.

Ngubani lo 'otolaryngologist'? Ngamafutshane...

Ingcali ye-otolaryngologist ngugqirha ochwephesha ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni izifo ezinxulumene nentloko nentamo yakho. Banokwenza unyango olungelulo utyando, kunye nonyango lotyando ukuba kuyimfuneko. Oku kuthetha ukuba aba gqirha banokunceda kwiimeko ezinokunyangeka ngamayeza, kunye neemeko ezifuna utyando.

Eli gama livakala lingaqhelekanga, akunjalo? Libizwa ngokuba yi-'Oto-laryn-go-lo-gist'. Kodwa kuba kunzima ukulikhumbula, abantu abaninzi babiza aba gqirha ngelinye igama elifutshane.

Ingaba oku kufana nogqirha 'we-ENT'?

Ewe, uchanekile! Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngogqirha 'we-ENT' amaxesha amaninzi. Igama elithi 'ENT' sisifinyezo segama elithi 'Indlebe, Impumlo, noMqala' . Lithetha ugqirha ogxile kwiindlebe, impumlo, nomqala . Ngoko ke, i- 'Otolaryngologist ' ikwabizwa ngokuba ngugqirha 'we-ENT'.

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, kutheni usebenzisa igama elide elithi 'otolaryngologist' kule nto, ngelixa kulula ukuthi 'ENT'? Enyanisweni, igama elithi 'ENT' lelona lisetyenziswa kakhulu, kuba kulula ukulikhumbula. Nangona kunjalo, igama elichanekileyo ngokwezonyango lithi 'otolaryngologist'.

Uninzi 'lweengcali ze-otolaryngologists' lukhetha ukubizwa ngelo gama, kuba alwenzi nje kuphela indlebe, impumlo nomqala, kodwa lunyanga nezifo ezahlukeneyo zentloko nentamo. Ngenxa yoko, bathi igama elithi 'ENT' alizichazi ngokupheleleyo iinkonzo zabo.

Uba njani yi-Otolaryngologist?

Ukuba yingcali efana nale akulula. Kufuna ukuzinikela okukhulu kunye nemfundo.

Okokuqala, kufuneka uphumelele iimviwo zeNqanaba eliqhelekileyo kunye neleNqanaba eliPhambili kwaye ufumane isidanga sezonyango (MBBS) eyunivesithi. Emva koko, ukuze ube yi-'otolaryngologist', oko kukuthi, ukuze ufumane ulwazi olukhethekileyo olunxulumene nentloko nentamo, kufuneka uphinde ufumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lweminyaka emihlanu .

Khawuthelekelele ukuba oko kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze kufundwe! Abanye oogqirha bafunda ngakumbi ngezinye izinto ezizodwa kwicandelo elifanayo. Umzekelo, kukho izinto ezifana ne -otolaryngology yabantwana ( egxile kwizifo zendlebe, impumlo, kunye nomqala kubantwana abancinci) kunye notyando lokwakha ngokutsha ( utyando olulungisa iindawo zobuso okanye intamo ezonakeleyo, njengakwingozi).

Zeziphi izifo eziphambili ezinyangwa yi-'otolaryngologist'?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, aba gqirha kunye nabongikazi banyanga iintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo ezichaphazela intloko nentamo. Ezi zinokuba zincinci njengokukhwehlela nje okanye impumlo egobhozayo, okanye zibe yingozi njengomhlaza wentloko nentamo.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, baqeqeshwe kunyango olungenalo utyando kunye nonyango lotyando. Makhe sijonge iindidi eziphambili zezifo abazinyangayo.

Iimeko zendlebe

Ukuba uneengxaki ngeendlebe zakho, ngulo gqirha omele uye kuye.

• Usulelo lwendlebe: Usulelo oluvela endlebeni engaphandle, endlebeni ephakathi, okanye endlebeni engaphakathi.
• I-Tinnitus : Ukuva isandi okanye ingxolo ezindlebeni. Kwabanye abantu, oku kunokuba yingxaki nokuba balele ebusuku.
• Ukudinwa: Ukuziva ngathi awulungelelananga. Oku kunokubangelwa ziingxaki ezingaphakathi kwendlebe.
• I-Vertigo: Oku kwahlukile kancinci kwi-vertigo. Kwi-vertigo, uziva ngathi izinto ezikungqongileyo ziyajikeleza, okanye uziva ngathi uyajikeleza.
• I-eardrum ekrazukileyo: Umngxuma kwi-eardrum, okanye kwi-membrane ye-tympanic .
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwetyhubhu ye-Eustachian: Ukuvaleka kwetyhubhu edibanisa indlebe ephakathi nomphimbo ongentla. Oku kunokubangela ukuziva ngathi indlebe ixinene.
• I-Otosclerosis: Ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwamathambo endlebeni ephakathi.
• Isifo sikaMénière: Isifo esingaqhelekanga sendlebe yangaphakathi esinokuchaphazela ukuva kunye nokulinganisela.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva: Oku kunokusukela ekubeni buthathaka ukuya ekubeni sisithulu ngokupheleleyo.

Iimeko zempumlo

Aba gqirha bakwanyanga iingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezivela empumlweni.

• I-Sinusitis: Ukudumba okanye usulelo lweengxowa zomoya (ii-sinus) ezijikeleze impumlo. Oku kunokubangela intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokuxinana kwempumlo.
• Iingxaki zokunganyamezelani komzimba:Ii-aleji ezibangelwa zizinto ezifana ne-pollen, i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye nothuli.
• I-Rhinitis: Ukudumba kwe-mucous membrane ngaphakathi kwempumlo.
• Ukopha Kweempumlo: Ukopha kweempumlo kunokwenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, kuquka usulelo, ukungezwani komzimba, kunye nokwenzakala.
• Ukuvuza emva kwempumlo: I-mucus egqithisileyo iphuma ngasemva komqala. Oku kunokubangela ukuziva ukhululekile emqaleni.
• I-septum ephambukile: Ukuphambuka kwe-cartilage phakathi kwempumlo (septum): Ukuphambuka kwe-cartilage eyahlula imingxuma emibini yempumlo (septum) kwelinye icala.
• Iipolyps zeempumlo: Ukukhula okungekho komhlaza okuqhele ukwenzeka kubantu abane-allergies rhoqo, i-asthma, okanye usulelo lweesinus.
• Iithumba zempumlo neze-paranasal: Iithumba ezikhula ngaphakathi empumlweni zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza.

Iimeko zomqala

Ezi ngcali zikwanyanga izinto ezifana nomphimbo obuhlungu kunye nobunzima bokuginya.

• Umphimbo obuhlungu: Usenokubangelwa zizifo, ii-allergies, okanye ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa.
• I-Tonsillitis: Usulelo lwee-tonsils.
• I-Laryngitis: Ukudumba kwebhokisi yelizwi. Oku kubangela ukuba ilizwi libe rhabaxa.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia): Ubunzima bokuginya ukutya okanye isiselo. Oku kunokubangelwa yingxaki emlonyeni, emqaleni, okanye emqaleni.
• Iimeko zekhondri yelizwi: Iimeko ezinje ngamaqhuqhuva elizwi, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwekhondri yelizwi, okanye ukukhubazeka kwekhondri yelizwi.

Iingxaki zokulala

Usenokumangaliswa, kodwa aba gqirha bakwanyanga nezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nokulala.

• Ukurhona: Ukurhona kunokwenzeka xa izicubu ezithambileyo zomoya ophezulu zikhululeka kakhulu ngexesha lokulala. Le ngxolo ivela xa umoya udlula kwezi zicubu zinciphileyo.
• I-Obstructive sleep apnea: Le yimeko apho indlela yomoya incipha okanye ivalwe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokukhululeka kwezicubu zomoya. Oku kubangela ukuyeka ukuphefumla okwethutyana ngexesha lokulala (ii-apneic episodes).

Iithumba zentloko yakho nentamo

Aba gqirha banokususa iithumba (ezinomhlaza nezingengomhlaza) entlokweni nasentanyeni ngotyando. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• IiHemangiomas: Ezi zihluma ezingezizo ezomhlaza eziqulathe imithambo yegazi emininzi. Ziqhelekile kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa.
• Izihlunu ze-salivary gland: Ezi zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zingabi ngumhlaza.
• Umhlaza womlomo:Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wentloko nentamo. Lunokuchaphazela imilebe, ngaphakathi kwezidlele, ulwimi, kunye neendawo eziphezulu nezisezantsi zomlomo.
• Umhlaza we-Oropharyngeal: Umhlaza ochaphazela inxalenye ephakathi yomqala. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo yi-squamous cell carcinoma.
• Umhlaza weLaryngeal: Umhlaza ochaphazela iintambo zelizwi (ilarynx).
• Umhlaza wempumlo: Umhlaza ochaphazela inxalenye engentla yomphimbo (nasopharynx), odibanisa impumlo nenkqubo yokuphefumla.
• Umhlaza we-thyroid: Umhlaza ochaphazela i-thyroid gland evelisa iihomoni, emile okwebhabhathane entanyeni.

Sifanele siye nini kwi-otolaryngologist?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ugqirha wakho wosapho (uGqirha weNkathalelo ePhambili - PCP) uza kukuthumela kolu hlobo lweengcali. Ukuba unezi mpawu zilandelayo, kungcono ukubona ugqirha we-otolaryngologist:

• Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheliyo.
• Ukukhupha ulwelo oluhlala luhleli kwilungu lobufazi (ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphantsi)
• Ukukhwehlela ixesha elide.
• Ukuxinana rhoqo kweempumlo okanye ukuxinana kweempumlo.
• Isiyezi.
• I-Vertigo ( ukuziva ujikeleza ngeenxa zonke kuwe)
• Ukunganyamezelani kakuhle komzimba.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia).
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuva.
• Ilizwi elirhabaxa elingapheliyo okanye uthotho lwezandi.
• Usulelo lwendlebe oluhlala lukho.
• I-tonsillitis exhaphakileyo (i-tonsillitis engapheliyo).
• Iqhuma elitsha ebusweni okanye entanyeni.
• Ukurhona okuqatha.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla xa ulele.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba nenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unesifo esinzulu. Nangona kunjalo, kububulumko ukubona ugqirha ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.

Yintoni 'i-Otolaryngologist eqinisekisiweyo yiBhodi'?

Oku kubalulekile ukwazi. Ukuba 'uqinisekisiwe yibhodi' kuthetha ukuba ugqirha, ukongeza kuqeqesho lwakhe lobungcali, uye wathabatha uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ngokuzithandela ukuqinisekisa izakhono zakhe kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe emsebenzini . Oku kuquka iimviwo ezibhaliweyo, zomlomo, kwanezokusebenza.

Ngamafutshane, oku kufana nesinye isiqinisekiso esikumgangatho ophezulu solwazi lwabo kunye nezakhono zabo. ISri Lanka ikwanazo neebhodi eziqaphela oogqirha abangoochwephesha abanjalo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, 'i-Otolaryngologist', okanye njengoko sonke sisazi, ugqirha 'we-ENT', yingcali ebaluleke kakhulu enyanga izifo ezinxulumene nentloko nentamo yethu.Ukuba unengxaki engapheliyo yendlebe, impumlo, okanye umphimbo, okanye ukuba unezinye zeempawu esizixubushileyo ngaphambili, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha wosapho lwakho, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, bonana nogqirha wamehlo.

Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokubangela ukuba umntu alulame ngokukhawuleza kwaye athintele izifo ezinzulu. Ngoko ke, nyamekela impilo yakho.

Ingcali yezifo zamehlo, izifo ze-ENT, indlebe, impumlo, umqala, intloko nentamo, iingxaki zokuva