Ngaba wakha wambona umntu okwiyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu (ICU) eqhagamshelwe kumatshini ukuze amncede aphefumle? Okanye wakha wambona umntwana omncinci osiwe esibhedlele ene-asthma enzima enikwa amayeza nge-nebulizer? Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho ingcali yezempilo efumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo ekuncedeni imiphunga yethu kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngaloo ngcali. Lowo yingcali yokuphefumla, okanye njengoko besitsho ngesiNgesi, 'iNgcali yokuPhefumla' (RT).
Ngubani lo Mgqirha wezifo zokuphefumla?
Ngamafutshane, ingcali yokuphefumla yingcali yezempilo enoqeqesho olukhethekileyo olunceda ekuxilongeni, ekunyangeni, nasekulawuleni iingxaki ezinxulumene nemiphunga yakho kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Ukuba unesifo sentliziyo, kukho ingcali yentliziyo. Ukuba unengxaki yezintso, kukho ingcali ye-nephrologist. Ngokufanayo, ingcali yokuphefumla ngumntu onolwazi olunzulu noqeqesho kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, oko kukuthi, imiphunga yethu kunye ne-trachea.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, aba bantu abangoogqirha. Kodwa basebenza njengeqela noogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nabanye oochwephesha bezempilo ukuze bakunike isicwangciso sonyango esingcono kakhulu. Ngokuchanekileyo, bangoochwephesha beenkqubo zokuphefumla.
Ungadibana naba bantu kwigumbi lesibhedlele, kwigumbi lokhathalelo oluphezulu (ICU), kwigumbi lonyango olungxamisekileyo (ETU), kwikliniki yabagula ngaphandle, okanye ngamanye amaxesha xa beze ekhayeni lakho ukuze bafumane unyango.
Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali yokuphefumla?
Indima yaba bantu ibanzi kakhulu. Oko bakwenzayo kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yesigulana. Makhe sijonge izinto eziphambili abazenzayo.
| Umsebenzi | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lweMisebenzi yePulmonary | Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olulinganisa indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo kunye nokuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuthatha nowukhuphayo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana ne-asthma. |
| Unyango lweoksijini | Ukubonelela ngeoksijini njengoko kufuneka kwizigulana ezineoksijini ephantsi egazini kunye nokubeka esweni rhoqo amanqanaba. |
| Umoya woomatshini | Ukusebenzisa ii-ventilators, ukuzilungelelanisa neemfuno zesigulana, kunye nokujonga imeko yesigulana yimisebenzi enzima nenoxanduva. |
| Ulawulo lweMizila yoMoya | Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ukuba indlela yomoya yesigulana ivaliwe, thabatha amanyathelo afunekayo ukuze uyivule kwakhona. Umzekelo, ukunceda ugqirha ngezinto ezifana nokufaka ityhubhu (intubation). |
| Ukususwa kweMucus | Ukunceda izigulane ezine-phlegm emiphungeni yazo ukuba ziyikhuphe kusetyenziswa iindlela kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nokucinezelwa kwesifuba. |
| Ukunika amayeza | Bahambisa amayeza kwinkqubo yokuphefumla, ingakumbi ngee-inhaler kunye nee-nebulizers, ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo, kwaye bafundisa izigulana indlela yokusebenzisa i-inhaler ngokufanelekileyo. |
| Imfundo kunye nokuvuselelwa kwesigulana | Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana ne-COPD kunye ne-asthma bafundiswa indlela yokuphila nesi sifo, indlela yokwenza umthambo wokuphefumla, kunye nendlela yokulawula esi sifo. |
Luhlobo luni lwezifo aba bantu bafumana uncedo kuzo?
Njengakweyiphi na imeko yezonyango echaphazela ukuphefumla, uncedo lwengcali yokuphefumla lunokufuneka. Nazi ezimbalwa zazo.
- Isifuba:Ukufundisa izigulane ezine-asthma indlela yokusebenzisa ii-inhaler ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngonyango olufana nee-nebulizers xa kukho uhlaselo olukhawulezileyo.
- Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuthinteleka Kwemiphunga (i-COPD): Esi sisifo esiqhelekileyo kubantu abatshayayo. Aba baguli bafundiswa imithambo yokuphefumla, unyango lweoksijini, kunye nendlela yokulawula esi sifo.
- I-Pneumonia: Kwiimeko ezinzima ze-pneumonia, nika isigulane ioksijini, qhagamshela kwi-ventilator ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye uncede ukususa i-mucus.
- I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): Le yimeko embi kakhulu, esongela ubomi. Imiphunga yonakele kakhulu. Ngumsebenzi omkhulu ukuba aba baguli banikwe inkxaso ekhethekileyo yokuphefumla ngee-ventilators.
- I-Cystic Fibrosis: Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Kule meko, umaleko omkhulu we-mucus uqokelelana emiphungeni. Iindlela ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziswa ukususa loo mucus.
- I-Sleep Apnea: Ukufundisa izigulane eziyeka ukuphefumla ngexesha lokulala indlela yokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo oomatshini abanjenge-CPAP.
- Ukulimala esifubeni: Ukubonelela ngenkxaso yokuphefumla xa ukuphefumla kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yokwenzakala okukhulu esifubeni.
- Emva kotyando: Emva kotyando olukhulu, i-anesthesia inokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga. Kwimeko ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukunceda imiphunga ukuba ibuyele esiqhelweni.
Ukongeza kolu luhlu, iinkonzo zengcali yokuphefumla zibalulekile kuye nabani na oneengxaki zokuphefumla, ukususela kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ukuya kubantu abadala.
Udinga nini ukubona ingcali yokuphefumla?
Ngokwesiqhelo, awunakuya ngqo kwingcali yokuphefumla. Ugqirha okuxilongayo uya kujonga iimpawu zakho kunye neziphumo zovavanyo aze agqibe kwelokuba udinga uncedo lwengcali yokuphefumla. Ugqirha uya kukuthumela kubo.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubangela ukuba ugqirha akuthumelele kwingcali yokuphefumla?
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
- Ukopha nge-mucus
- Ukuphefumla (ukukhala komlozi okufana nokuthi "itshizi-tshizi") xa uphefumla
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla okunzima
- Ukuziva uxinezelekile okanye uxinzelelo esifubeni
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Ukuba nemeko engaqhelekanga kuvavanyo lwe-X-ray
- Uvavanyo luqinisekisa amanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini egazini
Khumbula, ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, into yokuqala ekufuneka uyenze kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho. Musa ukuzinyanga. Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo aze akuthumele kwiingcali ezifanelekileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yokuphefumla kunye nomongikazi?
Le yinto ebangela ukudideka kubantu abaninzi. Ekubeni bobabini aba bantu besebenzisana ngokusondeleyo nezigulana esibhedlele, kunokuba nzima ukuqonda umahluko ochanekileyo.
Umahluko ngulo:
- Umongikazi: Indima yomongikazi ibanzi kakhulu. Bagxila kwimpilo iyonke yesigulana. Banika amayeza, bahlambe umzimba, bondle isigulana, banyamekele amanxeba, kwaye bajonga impilo yengqondo yesigulana. Banolwazi nangezifo zokuphefumla, kodwa loo nto ayisiyondawo yabo yobuchwephesha.
- Ingcali yokuPhefumla: Indima yabo ikhethekile kakhulu. Ingqwalasela yabo epheleleyo kunye nobuchule babo bukwimiphunga kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla. Basebenzisa izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokuphefumla, benza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo, kwaye banikezela ngonyango olujoliswe kubo.
Cinga ngoomatshini. Kukho umekanikhi oqhelekileyo owazi kancinci ngayo yonke into emotweni. Kwaye kukho umntu ochwephesha kwinjini yesithuthi kuphela. Nguwo lowo umahluko. Umongikazi ngumntu ojonga impilo-ntle yesigulana iyonke, kwaye ingcali yokuphefumla ngumntu ochwephesha kwiingxaki zemiphunga. Bobabini aba bantu banikela ngenkonzo exabisekileyo kwisigulana.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingcali yokuPhefumla ayingogqirha, kodwa yingcali yezempilo ebalulekileyo eqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwiingxaki zemiphunga nokuphefumla.
- Basebenza njengeqela noogqirha kunye nabongikazi ukukhusela impilo yakho yokuphefumla.
- Inkonzo yabo ibaluleke kakhulu kwizifo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, i-pneumonia, nakwiyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu.
- Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo, okanye umkhuhlane, into yokuqala omawuyenze kukubona ugqirha wakho.
- Ukuba ugqirha wakho uthumela ingcali yokuphefumla kuwe, baya kwenza konke okusemandleni abo ukukunceda uphucule imeko yakho. Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo kwaye wabelane ngeengxaki zakho.
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