Ngubani i-Neurophysiologist? Masifumanise!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ugqirha wakho esithi kufuneka ubone 'ingcali ye-neurophysiology'. Okanye mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama waza wazibuza, "Owu, ngugqirha onjani lowo?" Enyanisweni, nangona lisenokuvakala njengegama elinzima, aba bantu badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ngubani kanye kanye ingcali ye-neurophysiology kwaye banokunceda njani impilo yakho.

Ngubani i-Neurophysiologist? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ingcali ye-neuroscientist ngumboneleli wezempilo ogxile ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo, ingakumbi umsebenzi wayo wombane. Oko kuthetha ukuba bayajonga ukuba ingqondo yakho, umqolo (intambo yemithambo-luvo engaphakathi komqolo wakho), kunye neminye imithambo-luvo isebenza kakuhle na. Banokwenza uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukunceda ekufumaneni iimeko ezinokuthi zihambelane nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Cinga ngayo, imizimba yethu ifana nomatshini ontsonkothileyo kakhulu. Iziko lolawulo lwalo matshini yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo . Yonke into oyicingayo, yonke into oyivayo, yonke into oyenzayo - ukusuka ekuphakamiseni isandla sakho ukuya ekubetheni kwentliziyo yakho - ilawulwa yile nkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ngoko ke, ingcali yemithambo-luvo isinceda sibone ukuba kukho ingxaki kule nkqubo nendlela esebenza ngayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali ye-neurophysiology kunye nengcali ye-neurologist?

Le yinto edida abantu abaninzi. Ingcali ye-neurophysiology yingcali kwicandelo le- neurology .

Cinga ngale ndlela, ingcali yezifo zengqondo ngugqirha oqeqeshwe kakhulu kuyo yonke into enxulumene nenkqubo yakho yeemvakalelo - ulwakhiwo lwayo oluqhelekileyo, umsebenzi wayo, kunye neemeko eziyichaphazelayo. Ngabo badla ngokuxilonga nokunyanga izifo zemithambo-luvo.

Ingcali ye-neurophysiology yingcali ye-neurologist egxile *kumsebenzi* wenkqubo ye-nervous, oko kukuthi, indlela esebenza ngayo. Benza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukulinganisa loo msebenzi kunye nokuhlalutya iziphumo zovavanyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ingcali ye-neurophysiology ayisoloko icebisa unyango lwezifo ze-neurological. Oko kwenziwa yingcali ye-neurologist . Nangona kunjalo, ingcali ye-neurophysiology inokunceda kakhulu ekufumaneni ukuba yintoni kanye kanye isifo, ngamanye amazwi, ekufumaneni uxilongo oluchanekileyo .

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali ye-neurophysiology?

Ingcali ye-neurophysiology ixilonga kwaye ivavanye iimeko ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Ngokuyintloko basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukurekhoda umsebenzi wombane wenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeengcali ze-neurophysiology:

1. Iingcali zeNeurophysiology zotyando

2. Iingcali ze-Neurophysiology zeKlinikhi

Iindima zazo zombini zahlukile kancinci. Ezinye iingcali ze-neurophysiology zikwasebenza ngophando olujolise kakhulu.

Iingcali zeNeurophysiology zotyando

Njengoko igama lisitsho, aba bantu bayinxalenye yeqela lotyando. Basebenzisana ngokusondeleyo noogqirha abanjengoogqirha ababulala iintlungu kunye noogqirha bemithambo-luvo.

Ngexesha lotyando, le ngcali ye-neurophysiology ihlola kwaye ijonge inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando olwenziwayo, olu hlolo lunokunceda oogqirha botyando ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinzima ezifana nokukhubazeka, ukulahlekelwa kukuva, okanye isifo sohlangothi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukujonga i-intraoperative neurophysiology (IONM) .

Ezinye zeenkqubo aba bantu abadla ngokubandakanyeka kuzo zezi:

• Utyando lomqolo.
• Ezinye iintlobo zotyando lobuchopho.
• Ezinye iinkqubo zotyando lwendlebe, impumlo, nomphimbo (iinkqubo ze-ENT).
• Utyando lwemithambo-luvo ejikeleze imithambo-luvo.
• Utyando lwemithambo yegazi, olufana neCarotid Endarterectomies kunye neThoracic-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms (TAAA).

Nazi ezinye zeenkqubo zovavanyo kunye nokubeka iliso abazisebenzisayo ngexesha lotyando:

• `SSEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potentials)`: Oku kuquka ukunika isivuseleli sombane esincinci kwi-peripheral nerve engalweni okanye emlenzeni wakho. Emva koko ilinganisa indlela ingqondo yakho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, okanye i-spinal cord esabela ngayo kuyo. Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwii-spinal surgeries, kwezinye ii-brain kunye ne-peripheral nerve surgeries.
• `TCeMEP (Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials)`: Olu vavanyo lubandakanya ukusebenzisa ukuvuselelwa kombane kwi-``Motor Cortex`` yengqondo yakho kunye nokurekhoda indlela intambo yakho yomqolo okanye izihlunu ezikwimilenze yakho ezisabela ngayo kuyo. Oku kusetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindlela zotyando lomgogodla.
• ``I-BSEP (Iimpawu zokuvavanyeka kweBrainstem)'':Oku kuquka ukuba umamele isandi, ngesiqhelo "ucofa" ngee-earphone, kwaye ujonge indlela i-brainstem yakho esabela ngayo kuso. Oku kunceda ukujonga ukusebenza kwe-brainstem kunye nokugcina ukuva ngexesha lotyando ukususa ii-tumor ezifana ne-acoustic neuromas kunye nee-tumor ze-brainstem.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Le irekhoda umsebenzi wendalo wombane wengqondo. Isetyenziselwa ukuthintela umonakalo obangelwa kukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi engqondweni (ischemia) ngexesha lotyando olufana ne-Carotid Endarterectomies kunye ne-Aneurysm clippings, kunye nokujonga umsebenzi kunye "nempilo" ye-cerebral cortex.

Iingcali ze-Neurophysiology zeklinikhi

Aba bantu basebenzisana ngokusondeleyo neengcali zemithambo-luvo kunye noogqirha bemithambo-luvo. Bavavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo kwaye baxilonge iimeko zemithambo-luvo kunye nemisipha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa ngaphandle okanye ngelixa usesibhedlele.

Nazi ezinye zeemvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ziingcali ze-neurophysiology:

• I-EMG (i-Electromyography): Oku kuvavanya impilo kunye nokusebenza kwezihlunu zakho zamathambo kunye nemithambo-luvo ezilawulayo. Inokunceda ekuxilongeni izifo ezininzi, eziquka i-Peripheral Neuropathy, i-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, i-Muscular Dystrophy, kunye ne-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
• Uphononongo lokuHanjiswa kweMithambo (i-NCS): Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukuba imithambo-luvo yakho esebenza kakuhle kangakanani na. Lunokufumanisa ukuba imithambo-luvo yakho yonakele na kwaye isasazeke kangakanani na. Rhoqo, uvavanyo lwe-EMG kunye ne-NCS lwenziwa kunye.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Oku kuquka ukuncamathisela ii-electrode ezincinci entlokweni yakho kunye nokurekhoda umsebenzi wombane ovela kwi-cortex yobuchopho. Isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga iimeko ezinje ngokuxhuzula kunye nezinye iingxaki kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Evoked Potential: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa umsebenzi wombane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo yakho kunye nomqolo wakho ukuphendula kwisikhuthazo. Oku kungabonisa indlela imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo ehamba ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo ngayo ukuya engqondweni. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi, ezifana ne-Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER), i-Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), kunye ne-Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP).
• Uphononongo Lokulala / I-Polysomnography:Oku kwenziwa ngokurekhoda rhoqo indlela iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho (ezifana nentliziyo, ukuphefumla, kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo) ezisebenza ngayo ngelixa ulele. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni iingxaki zokulala.

Ngaba ingcali ye-neurophysiology iya kwisikolo sezonyango?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo! Ingcali ye-neurophysiology ngugqirha. Baya kwisikolo sezonyango ukuze bafumane olu lwazi.

Umntu uba njani yingcali ye-neurophysiology?

Ukuze ube yingcali ye-neurophysiology yeklinikhi, umntu kufuneka agqibe la manyathelo emfundo noqeqesho:

• Kufuneka uqale ugqibezele imfundo yangaphambi kokufumana unyango yeminyaka emine kwikholeji okanye eyunivesithi uze ufumane isidanga seBachelor.
• Emva koko, kufuneka ufunde iminyaka emine kwisikolo sezonyango uze ufumane isidanga esithi "Doctor of Medicine - MD" okanye "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - DO".
• Kufuneka ugqibezele uqeqesho lonyaka omnye kwi-medicine jikelele.
• Emva koko, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo, kufuneka ugqibezele indawo yokuhlala kwinkqubo ye-neurology , enokuhlala iminyaka emine.

Abanye abantu, emva kolu phando lokuhlala, baya kwiinkqubo zobudlelwane ukuze bafumane ulwazi olunzulu kwicandelo elithile le-neurophysiology. Umzekelo, banokugxila kwiindawo ezifana nesifo sokuwa, izifo ze-neuromuscular, kunye neengxaki zokulala.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba unesifo semithambo-luvo, okanye ukuba sele ufunyenwe unaso, ingcali yemithambo-luvo inokuba lilungu leqela lakho lezonyango. Baziingcali kwicandelo labo, kwaye banolwazi oluhle kwiimvavanyo zamva nje ezinokuvavanya ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Ungaze ungathandabuzi ukubuza imibuzo yengcali yakho yemithambo-luvo. Bakho ukuze bakuncede.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo:

• Ingcali ye-neurophysiology yingcali efunda indlela esebenza ngayo inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo, equka ingqondo yakho, umqolo, kunye nemithambo-luvo. Benza iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukunceda ekufumaneni izifo.
• Ingcali yezifo zengqondo idla ngokuba yiyo enika unyango, kodwa ingcali yezifo zengqondo inegalelo elikhulu ekuxilongeni isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
• Aba bantu basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo (umz., `EEG`, `EMG`, `NCS`, `Evoked Potentials`) ukukhusela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ekonakalisweni ngexesha lotyando kunye nokuxilonga izifo zemithambo-luvo ngokwezonyango.
• Ukuba ugqirha ukuxelela ukuba uye kwi-neurophysiologist, oko kuthetha ukuba bafuna ukujonga ngokunzulu ukusebenza kwenkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo.Musa ukoyika, kuya kukunceda ufumane unyango olungcono.
• Zive ukhululekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo, nokuba malunga novavanyo lwakho okanye imeko yakho. Unelungelo lokwazi yonke into ngokucacileyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyaqonda ngcono ukuba ngubani ingcali ye-neurophysiology kunye nento abayenzayo. Ukuba uneminye imibuzo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.

I- Neurophysiology, Ingcali ye-Neurophysiology, Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, Uvavanyo lobuchopho, Ukuxilongwa kwe-Neuro, i-EEG, i-EMG, Ukubeka iliso kutyando