Izazinzulu zisukela iintsholongwane! Ngubani lo gqirha weentsholongwane? Masifumane iinkcukacha!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ngubani ophanda ezi ntsholongwane zibangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwanehlabathi liphela, njenge -coronavirus ? Ngubani ophanda indlela ezi ntsholongwane ezidalwe ngayo, indlela ezisasazeka ngayo, into omawuyenze ukuze uzikhusele kuzo, kunye nendlela yokufumana unyango? Iingcali zeentsholongwane ngabantu abenza inkonzo exabisekileyo kangaka. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba ngubani ingcali yeentsholongwane, into abayenzayo, kunye nendlela umntu anokuba yingcali yeentsholongwane.

Ngubani ingcali yezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yeentsholongwane ngumntu ofunda iintsholongwane nzulu kwaye onolwazi oluninzi ngazo. Kufana nomcuphi, kodwa umxholo wazo ziintsholongwane. Ezi zinto zincinci, ezingabonakaliyo ezibizwa ngokuba ziintsholongwane zingosulela kungekuphela nje abantu, kodwa nezilwanyana, izityalo, kunye neebhaktheriya . Ngoko ke, aba bantu bafunda indlela ezi ntsholongwane ezisasazeka ngayo ( ukuzala ), indlela ezisulela ngayo umntu (umz. umntu, isilwanyana), indlela ezisasazeka ngayo ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye, okanye indlela yokuthintela nokunyanga ezi zifo.

Aba bantu ngamanye amaxesha banokuba ngabaphandi bezonyango, mhlawumbi oonjingalwazi abafundisa kwiiyunivesithi, okanye oogqirha abanyanga izigulana. Igama elithi “virologist” linokuquka imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.

Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yingcali ye-virologist?

Khumbula, ingcali ye-virologist ayingomntu nje owenza uhlobo olunye lomsebenzi. Zininzi izinto anokuzisebenzisa. Makhe sijonge izinto azenzayo:

• Ukusebenza ezibhedlele: Abanye oogqirha beentsholongwane basebenza kwiilabhoratri zesibhedlele. Bavavanya iisampulu (igazi, isikhwehlela, njl.njl.) ezithathwe kwizigulana ukuze kuchongwe ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwentsholongwane ekhoyo. Emva koko bacebisa unyango.
• Ukunyanga izigulana kunye nokwenza uphando njengogqirha: Abanye abantu baphatha izigulana ngqo njengogqirha. Baxilonga kwaye banyange izifo ezosulelayo . Bakwanyanga izifo ezingapheliyo (ezihlala ixesha elide) ezifana ne-HIV okanye i-Hepatitis.Umsebenzi wabo kukulawula izigulane ezikhoyo. Abanye benza nophando lwezonyango.
• Ukusebenza njengogqirha-isazinzulu: Lo ngumntu othi, nangona enyanga izigulana njengogqirha, aphinde achithe ixesha kuphando. Indima ebaluleke kakhulu!
• Uphando Olusisiseko: Oku kufana nokubeka isiseko. Ezinye iingcali ze-virologist zisebenza kumaziko ophando okanye kwiiyunivesithi kwaye zifunde nzulu indlela intsholongwane ethile eziphatha ngayo, indlela ezala ngayo, indlela eyosulela ngayo abantu, izilwanyana, izityalo kunye neebhaktheriya, kunye nendlela esasazeka ngayo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba "luphando lwebhentshi."
• Uphando oluGuquliweyo okanye oluSetyenzisiweyo: Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa iziphumo zophando olusisiseko ukufumana izisombululo kwingxaki ethile . Umzekelo, ukuphuhlisa amayeza amatsha okugonya okanye amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane. Oku kungenziwa kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo nakwimibutho yabucala efana neenkampani zamayeza.
• Ukusebenza kwiMibutho yezeMpilo kaWonke-wonke: Abanye oogqirha beentsholongwane basebenzela imibutho karhulumente okanye yamazwe ngamazwe yezempilo (efana neWorld Health Organisation). Benza uphando, bachonge izifo ezintsha njengoko zisenzeka, bafunde iintsholongwane ezintsha, baze bacebise ngendlela yokulawula ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane.

Khawucinge nje ngendlela ezi ngcali zeentsholongwane eziye zanceda ngayo ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus! Zenze imizamo emikhulu yokuchonga intsholongwane, ukuqonda indlela esasazeka ngayo, kunye nokuphuhlisa isitofu sokugonya.

Ukongeza koku, kukho amanye amathuba amaninzi kwiingcali zeentsholongwane, njengobuntatheli bezonyango, ukubhala izibonelelo, kunye nokubonisana.

Zeziphi ezinye izikhundla zemisebenzi ezinazo iingcali ze-virologist?

Ayizizo zonke iingcali ze-virus ezinegama elithi “virologist.” Zisenokuba nezinye izihloko, ezifana nezi:

• Ingcali yelebhu okanye yophando
• Isayensi yelabhoratri, yophando okanye yabasebenzi
• Umntu/umphandi osebenza emva kwezifundo zobugqirha
• UMlawuli weLebhu (uMlawuli weLebhu)
• Umphandi oyiNtloko (PI)
• Unjingalwazi
• Umlawuli wenkqubo
• Ingcali yeZifo eziSulelayo
• Ingcali yezifo zomzimba
• Ingcali yezifo (ingcali ehlola izicwili kunye neeseli ukuze kufunyanwe izifo)

Ngaba kufuneka uye kwisikolo sezonyango ukuze ube yingcali ye-virologist?

Uninzi lweengcali zeentsholongwane zinedigri yezonyango (MD) okanye i-doctorate (PhD). Ezinye zinokuba nazo zombini. I-MD sisidanga esivela kwisikolo sezonyango. I-PhD sisidanga esiphambili esigxila kuphando kwicandelo elithile.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona abantu abaninzi besiya kwisikolo sezonyango, akufuneki ukuba ibe sisikolo sezonyango, kuxhomekeke kwinto ofuna ukuyenza kweli candelo. I-PhD ikunika amava abalulekileyo kuphando kunye nokusombulula iingxaki. Isidanga sezonyango sikunika amava okusebenza nezigulana kunye nokugxila ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni izifo. Ngoko ke, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ozithandayo kunye neenjongo zakho.

Ngoko ke, uba njani yingcali ye-virologist? Ithini indlela?

Oko kufuneka ukufundele ukuze ube yingcali ye-virologist kuxhomekeke kwinto ofuna ukuyenza kumsebenzi wakho. Indawo elungileyo yokuqala kukufumana isidanga se-bachelor kwicandelo elinxulumene nesayensi. Umzekelo, kwisifundo esifana neBiology, iChemistry, okanye iMedical Laboratory Science. Emva koko, ungalandela isidanga esiphezulu kuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zakho.

Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo:

• Ukuba ufuna ukuya kuphando: Ungadinga iPhD kwi-virology okanye intsimi enxulumene nayo, okanye isidanga seMasters kwisayensi (MS). Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izikhundla zelebhu, isidanga se-bachelor sanele. Kuphando lweklinikhi, isidanga sezonyango (MD) siluncedo, kodwa asisoloko siyimfuneko. Kwamanye amazwe, ungadinga ukuphumelela uvavanyo lwelayisenisi karhulumente ukuze usebenze kwilebhu yezonyango.
• Ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumphathi welabhoratri yophando okanye wenze uphando lwakho: Mhlawumbi uya kufuna "iPhD." Abanye abalawuli belebhu banokuba nesidanga sezonyango endaweni okanye ukongeza kwi "PhD."
• Ukuba ufuna ukunyanga izigulana ngokuthe ngqo: Kuya kufuneka ugqibezele uqeqesho lwezonyango. Oku kuthetha ukuya kwisikolo sezonyango, ugqibezele isiqinisekiso sokuba uza kuhlala apho, uze mhlawumbi ugqibezele uqeqesho kwicandelo elithile, njengezifo ezosulelayo okanye i-immunology.

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuphanda ngemisebenzi onomdla kuyo uze ufumane ukuba zeziphi iziqinisekiso zemfundo ezifunekayo kuyo. Ngale ndlela, uya kuba nesikhokelo esicacileyo.

Olu hambo luthatha ixesha elingakanani?

Nokuba uya kwisikolo sezonyango okanye wenza i-"PhD", ungalindela ukuchitha iminyaka eli-10 eyongezelelweyo yoqeqesho lomsebenzi wakho emva kwe-A-levels. Nantsi ixesha elinokuthatha emva kokuba ufumene isidanga sakho sokuqala (ngesiqhelo iminyaka emine):

• Iminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu engaphezulu kwinkqubo ye-`(PhD)`.
• Ukuba ufuna ukunyanga izigulana, udinga ubuncinane iminyaka esixhenxe yoqeqesho lwezonyango.
• Inkqubo ye-MD-PhD enika isidanga sezonyango kunye nesobugqirha ithatha malunga neminyaka esibhozo ukuya kwelishumi.

Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi kukuzincama okukhulu, kuyafaneleka xa ucinga ngenkonzo enokubonelelwa kweli candelo.

Zeziphi izifundo ekufuneka uzifunde ukuze ube yingcali yezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane?

Ukuba uphupha ngokuba yingcali yezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, kungcono ukuba nomdla kwezi zifundo zilandelayo:

• Ibhayoloji: Oku kuquka amacandelo eMicrobiology, iCell Biology, kunye neMolecular Biology.
• Ikhemistri: Oku kuquka izinto ezifana neBiochemistry kunye neOrganic Chemistry.
• I-Genetics: Ukufunda nge-genes yeentsholongwane kubaluleke kakhulu.
• I-Immunology: Ulwazi malunga nenkqubo yokulwa nesifo emzimbeni wethu.
• Izifo Ezisulelayo: Ukufunda nzulu malunga neentlobo ngeentlobo zezifo.
• Umhlaza/I-Oncology: Ezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela umhlaza, ngoko ke ulwazi ngale nto lubalulekile.

Zisebenza phi iingcali ze-virologist?

Nazi ezinye iindawo apho iingcali ze-virologist zinokusebenza khona:

• Iiyunivesithi kunye neelabhoratri zophando lwezemfundo
• Amaziko ezempilo karhulumente okanye karhulumente (umzekelo, iiZiko zoLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (i-CDC) eMelika, iWorld Health Organization (i-WHO))
• Izibhedlele
• Iiyunivesithi kunye namaziko emfundo ephakamileyo (Iikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi - zokufundisa nophando)
• Iilebhu zophando lwezonyango zabucala
• Iinkampani zamayeza (ziphuhlisa amayeza amatsha kunye neegonyo)

Ngaba iingcali zeentsholongwane ziyimfuneko?

Imfuno yeengcali zeentsholongwane ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiziko abasebenzela kulo (ingakumbi nokuba likwicandelo labucala okanye kwimfundo ephakamileyo), amava akho, kunye nommandla wakho wobungcali. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwale ntsimi kuye kwanda ngenxa yobhubhane lwakutshanje. Ke ngoko, kunokuthiwa kukho ikamva eliqaqambileyo kwiingcali zeentsholongwane ezinetalente.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Virologist kunye ne-Epidemiologist?

Nangona bobabini aba bantu bengabantu ababalulekileyo kwicandelo lezempilo, imisebenzi yabo yahlukile kancinci.

• Ingcali yeentsholongwane ngumntu ofunda, axilonge, aze anyange iintsholongwane. Bagxila kwibhayoloji yeentsholongwane, indlela eziziphatha ngayo, nokunye.
• Ingcali yezifo ezibangelwa yi-epidemiologist ngumntu ofunda izizathu zesifo kwaye oyena usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo.Bakwagqiba ngendlela yokuthintela esi sifo kunye nokuthintela ukusasazeka kwaso. Oku akusebenzi nje kuphela kwizifo ezisulelayo ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, kodwa nakwizifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni, umhlaza, okanye iingozi. Iingcali zezifo ezibangelwa yi-epidemiology azihlali zivelisa amayeza okanye imijovo, okanye zinyange izigulana ngokuthe ngqo. Into abayenzayo kukujonga umfanekiso opheleleyo kwaye bancede ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwezifo.

Khawuthelekelele, xa kwafika ubhubhane we-'COVID-19', iingcali zeentsholongwane zaziphanda ngale ntsholongwane kunye neyeza lokuyigonya, ngelixa iingcali zezifo ezisasazekayo zaziphanda indlela esasazeka ngayo, ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu, kunye nendlela yokuyilawula ngezinto ezifana nokuqelelana. Umsebenzi wazo zombini ubaluleke kakhulu.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngenxa yobhubhane we-coronavirus, kubekho umdla omkhulu kwi-virology, akunjalo? Nangona uninzi lwethu lube "ngabaphandi abakwizihlalo eziphantsi" abaphanda oku ekhaya, abanye abantu bagqibe ekubeni bagxile kweli candelo lophando nge-virus.

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba iingcali zeentsholongwane azipheleli kuhlobo olunye lomsebenzi. Zinokwenza izinto ezininzi, kuquka uphando, ukufundisa, ukuphuhlisa amachiza kunye nonyango lweentsholongwane, ukusebenza kwimpilo yoluntu, ukuxilonga usulelo lwentsholongwane, kunye nokunyanga izigulana. Apho ukhetha ukugxila khona kumsebenzi wakho kuya kuxhomekeka kumandla akho kunye nezinto ozithandayo.

Kwakhona, akukho "ndlela inye" yokuba yingcali ye-virologist. Kodwa awukwazi ukukwenza usekhaya lakho, kufuneka uzinikele! Uninzi lweengcali ze-virologist zine-PhD okanye i-MD, kodwa iimfuno zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yobuchwephesha oyikhethileyo.

Nokuba unamandla angakanani na, ungalibali ukuba ukufunda ngezi ntsholongwane zincinci nezingabonakaliyo kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwihlabathi!

Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ngokuthatha umsebenzi kweli candelo lixabisekileyo, zama ukufumana imfundo nokuzinikela okudingayo. Ngubani owaziyo, usenokuba nguwe ofumana unyango oluza kusindisa ihlabathi kwixesha elizayo!

Ingcali yeentsholongwane , intsholongwane, usulelo, uphando, umsebenzi wezonyango, imfundo, amayeza, isazinzulu, impilo yoluntu