Ngaba nawe uyafuna ukwazi ngalo mhlaza wegazi? Masithethe nge-Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AMoL)!

Ngaba wakha weva nge-Acute Monocytic Leukemia, okanye i-AMoL? Eli gama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, kodwa luhlobo lomhlaza oluchaphazela igazi. Khawucinge ukuba kukho into engahambanga kakuhle kwinkqubo yethu yokwenza igazi, endaweni yeeseli zegazi ezisempilweni, kwaqala ukwakheka iiseli zomhlaza? Yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo. Nangona eli libali elibalulekileyo, masithethe ngalo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le nto kuthiwa yi-Acute Monocytic Leukemia?

Ngamafutshane, i-Acute Monocytic Leukemia (AMoL) luhlobo lomhlaza olukwiqela le-leukemia elibizwa ngokuba yi-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Uyazi ukuba i-leukemia ngumhlaza wegazi. Ngoko ke le AMoL ikwangumhlaza wegazi . Yenzeka xa kukho isiphene kwinkqubo yokwenza iiseli zegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ukuchaneka, iiseli ezingavuthwanga ezimele zibe ziiseli zegazi ezisempilweni, oko kukuthi, iiseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-blasts , ziyaguquka kwaye zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.

Kwi-AMoL, ezi seli zingavuthwanga, okanye ii-blasts, ziyeka ukusebenza njengoko zikhula zibe luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-monocytes . Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokuba zibe zii-monocytes eziphilileyo, zinamathela kwinqanaba lokungavuthwanga, okanye ukuqhushumba, kwaye zibe ziiseli zomhlaza.

I-acute monocytic leukemia ngumhlaza onzima kakhulu nosasazeka ngokukhawuleza . Ugqirha wakho uza kukunceda ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zezi?

Ewe, iWorld Health Organisation (WHO) ihlela i-AMoL ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lweseli eba ngumhlaza (oko kukuthi, ii-monocytes). Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-AML-M5 ngokwenkqubo yokwahlulahlula yakudala yamaFrentshi-aseMelika-amaBritane (FAB). Phantsi kwale nkqubo, i-AML-M5 yahlulwe ngakumbi kwiindidi ezimbini:

I-leukemia ye-monoblastic ebukhali (AML-M5a)

Kolu hlobo, ubuncinane i-80% yeeseli ziba nomhlaza ngaphambi kokuba zikhule ngokupheleleyo. Olu hlobo lubonakala kakhulu kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala abancinci .

I-acute monocytic leukemia (AML-M5b)

Kule meko, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziba ngumhlaza kwinqanaba eliphambili lokukhula kweeseli. Olu hlobo aluchaphazeli iqela elithile leminyaka .

Olu hlobo lokwahlulwahlulwa lunceda oogqirha ukuba baxilonge esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uhlobo alubi kakhulu kunolunye. Zombini ziimeko ezifuna ingqwalaselo efanayo.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ze-AMoL zihlala zibonakala kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza . Nazi ezinye zeempawu:

• Ukudumba okulula nokopha igaziUkwenzeka (iintsini eziphuma igazi, ukopha rhoqo kwempumlo, njl.njl.) Khawuthelekelele ufumana inxeba elikhulu nokuba uqhuma nje ndaweni ithile, okanye iintsini zakho zopha kakhulu xa uhlamba amazinyo akho.
• Amachaphaza amancinci, amfusa, abomvu, okanye amdaka phantsi kwesikhumba ( i-petechiae ). La machaphaza anokubonakala ngathi ziimpundu ezincinci, kodwa eneneni ngamachaphaza egazi elivuzayo phantsi kwesikhumba.
• Ukudumba kweentsini okanye ukukhula kakhulu kwezicubu zeentsini.
• Ubuthathaka kunye nokudinwa kakhulu . Ukuziva nje ngathi awunamandla. Ukuziva udiniwe nokuba uvuka kusasa.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu . Ukuba unciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kokunciphisa umzimba, yinto ekufuneka uyiqwalasele.
• Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo.
• Isiyezi.
• Ifiva.

Ngamanye amaxesha, i-acute monocytic leukemia inokuchaphazela ingqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo ye-nervous central . Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokukhumbula nokugxila.

Kutheni olu hlobo lwesifo lusenzeka?

Iingcali zonyango azikayazi kakuhle into ebangela i-AMoL. Kodwa kukholelwa ukuba ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo , okanye utshintsho kwi -DNA yeeseli. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukuba iseli ephilileyo ibe nomhlaza.

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba kwabanye abantu abane-AMoL, kukho isifo semfuza esibizwa ngokuba yi-chromosome rearrangement. Oku kuthetha ukuba iqhekeza le-chromosome enye liyaqhekeka lize linamathele kwenye i-chromosome. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-chromosome translocation . Esi sifo sinokubangela ukuba iseli iyeke ukukhula njenge-monocyte ize ibe yiseli yomhlaza. Cinga ngayo njengento ehambe kakubi.

Uphando malunga nolu tshintsho lwemfuza lusaqhubeka. Ukuqonda imfuza ebangela umhlaza kuya kunceda iingcali ziphuhlise unyango olungcono lokulwa nawo.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana esi sifo?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-Acute Monocytic Leukemia. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukutshaya kunye nokuchanabeka kumsi ophuma komnye umntu . Nokuba awutshayi, ukuba phakathi kwabantu abatshayayo nako kuyingozi.
• Ukuba ukhe wafumana unyango lomhlaza ngaphambili, umzekelo, i-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation therapy.
• Ukuchatshazelwa ixesha elide zizinto ezibangela umhlaza , ezifana neekhemikhali ezifana ne-benzene kunye ne-formaldehyde (ezifumaneka kwezinye iifektri kunye neepeyinti).
• Ukuvezwa kwimitha emva kwengozi ye-reactor yenyukliya okanye ibhombu yeathom.
• Ukuba unesifo semfuza esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, umzekelo , i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome .
• Ukuba unezifo ezinxulumene nomongo wethambo, ezifana ne -myeloproliferative neoplasms .

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ukuba ne-risk factor akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nomhlaza . Nangona kunjalo, kungcono kakhulu ukuphepha iingozi onokuzilawula, njengokungatshayi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zesi sifo?

Xa une-AMoL, iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zinokuqokelelana kumongo wakho wethambo . Njengoko usazi, umongo wethambo kulapho kwenziwa khona iiseli zegazi. Ngoko ke xa ezi seli zomhlaza zikhula, zikhupha iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni. Oku kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo:

• I-anemia : Imeko ebangelwa kukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kunokubangela ukudinwa kunye nokukhanya.
• I-Neutropenia : Ukuncipha kwee-neutrophils, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo.
• I-Thrombocytopenia : Ukuncipha kweeplatelets, ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi. Oku kunokubangela ukopha okwandileyo nokuba kubangelwa kukwenzakala okuncinci.

Uyibona njani le sifo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa uthotho lweemvavanyo ukuxilonga i-AML. Ngokutsho kwe-World Health Organisation, umntu uthathwa njengone-AML ukuba ama-20% okanye ngaphezulu eeseli zakhe zegazi aziqhelekanga, ziiseli ezingavuthwanga. Kwakhona, ngaphezulu kwama-80% ezo seli ezingaqhelekanga kufuneka zibe zii-monocytes okanye ii-monocyte precursors.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi, okanye isampuli yezicubu, ulwelo, okanye umongo wethambo. Ezi zinto zivavanywa kwilebhu.

Ezi ziimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa i-AMoL:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC ) kunokubonisa iimpawu ze-AMoL, njengokwanda kokubalwa kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi. I-smear yegazi engaphandle inokujonga iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• I-Bone marrow biopsy : Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho uthatha isampuli yezicubu okanye ulwelo oluvela ethanjeni lakho (ngesiqhelo ithambo lakho lesinqe). Emva koko isampuli ihlolwa nge-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Oku kunokuba buhlungu kancinci, kodwa kubalulekile ekuxilongweni.
• Ukumpompa komqolo : Ukuze abone ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke na engqondweni okanye kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, ugqirha uthatha isampuli yolwelo lomqolo wakho aze aluvavanye.
• Uvavanyo lwe-ImmunophenotypingOlu vavanyo lukhangela iiproteni ezithile kumphezulu weeseli. Ezi proteni zinceda ekuchongeni iiseli njengeeseli ze-AMoL.
• Uhlalutyo lwe-cytogenic : Olu hlobo lohlalutyo lujonga ukutshintshwa okanye ukuhlelwa kwakhona kwee-chromosomes ngaphakathi kweeseli ezinxulumene ne-AMoL.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Injongo ephambili yonyango kukubuyisela umhlaza esimeni esilungileyo . Oko kukuthi, ukuya kwinqanaba apho kungasekho ziseli zomhlaza kwithambo lakho okanye egazini. Kodwa oku akufanele kudidaniswe nonyango . Unyango yimeko apho umhlaza uphele ngokupheleleyo kwaye awukabuyi.

Unyango ngamakhemikhali

Unyango oluphambili lwe-acute monocytic leukemia yi-chemotherapy . Oku kungabandakanya la manqanaba alandelayo:

• Unyango lokungenisa : Olu nyango lusebenzisa indibaniselwano yamayeza e-chemotherapy ukuze kubuyiselwe i-AMoL. Unyango ludla ngokuba neeseshoni ezininzi ezithatha iintsuku ezininzi, kwaye kufuneka ukutyelela okuphindaphindiweyo.
• Unyango lokudibanisa : Kolu nyango, uya kuqhubeka nokufumana i-chemo yomthamo ophezulu ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Oku kuya kunciphisa amathuba okuba iiseli zomhlaza zibuye. Unyango luhlala iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine, kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa.
• Unyango lolondolozo : Emva konyango lokuzinzisa, ungadinga i-chemo yedosi ephantsi kangangeenyanga eziliqela okanye iminyaka.

Unyango olujoliswe kulo

Olu nyango lujolise kwiinguqu ezithile okanye utshintsho kwiiseli zomhlaza. Ukuba i-chemotherapy ayisebenzanga, unokufuna unyango olujoliswe kulo . Okanye, ukuba kukho utshintsho oluthile kwizakhi zofuzo kwiiseli zomhlaza, unokunikwa iyeza lonyango elijoliswe kulo elisebenza ngokuchasene nolo tshintsho.

Ukufakelwa kweeseli zesiqu

Eyona ndlela ikuphela kwayo yokunyanga ngokupheleleyo i-acute monocytic leukemia kukufakelwa i-allogeneic stem cell transplant . Oku kunokufuneka emva kokuba ufumene i-relief. Okanye, ukuba umhlaza ubuya emva kokuba ufumene i-relief, olu kufakelwa lunokwenziwa. Kule nkqubo, ugqirha utshintsha ii-stem cells zakho ngee-stem cells ezivela kumnikeli. Ngokwesiqhelo, umnikeli ufana kakhulu negazi. Okanye, unokuba ngumnikeli onganxulumananga kwirejista yesizwe okanye yehlabathi.

Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu onokufakelwa i-stem cell. Inokubangela nemiphumo emibi kakhulu. Ukuba ugqirha wakho uyayicebisa, uza kukuchazela izinto ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Uvavanyo lweklinikhi luphononongo oluvavanya ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango olutsha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo sakho, olu lusenokuba lolona nyango lufanelekileyo kuwe. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka uthathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi.

Uphila njani nale meko? / Ngawaphi amathuba okuchacha?

Imbono yomntu one-acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) iyafana neyomntu one-acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Malunga nabantu aba-3 kwaba-10 abane-AMoL basaphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa ukuba banayo le ngxaki .

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba la manani awabonisi unyango olutsha. Unyango olutsha luvumela abantu ukuba baphile ixesha elide nge-AMoL. Kwakhona, ingqikelelo yakho, okanye ithuba lokuchacha, ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Umzekelo:

• Ubudala : Abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 banethuba eliphezulu lokuchacha kwi-AMoL.
• Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi : Abo banenani eliphantsi leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi banethuba elingcono lokuchacha.
• Impendulo kunyango : Ukuba uxolelo lufumaneka emva kwe-chemotherapy yokuqala (i-induction chemotherapy), amathuba okuchacha aphezulu.

Uzinyamekela njani?

Ukuphila ne-leukemia kunokuba yingxaki . Nokuba sele uphilile, usenokufuneka ujongane noloyiko lokuba umhlaza uza kubuya. Usenokufuneka ujongane nemiphumo emibi yexesha elide yonyango lomhlaza. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzinyamekela kukusebenzisa zonke izixhobo ezikhoyo kuwe . Ezi zinokubandakanya:

• Iinkqubo zokusinda kumhlaza : Ukunxibelelana nabanye abantu abanomhlaza kunokukunika inkxaso oyifunayo kwaye kukuncede uzive ngathi awuwedwa.
• Unyango lokudambisa isifo : Unyango lokudambisa isifo lukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango lomhlaza. Nokuba imeko yakho yezempilo injani, olu luncedo kakhulu.
• Unyango : Abantu abaninzi abanomhlaza banengxaki yokuxhalaba nokudakumba. Ungafumana uncedo ngokudibana nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo osebenza nabantu abasindileyo kumhlaza. Umcebisi unokukunceda ulawule uxinzelelo lwemihla ngemihla oluhambisana nokuxilongwa komhlaza.

Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?

Kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ajonge indlela osabela ngayo kunyango. Baza kukwazisa ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho emzimbeni wakho olunokubonisa ukuba umhlaza uyabuya. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngaphandle kokuzibamba .

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Loluphi unyango endiludingayo?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga endimele ndizilindele, kwaye ndingazilawula njani?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndithathe inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi?
• Kuza kufuneka ndize kangaphi kwixesha lokulandela?
• Ziziphi izixhobo ezikhoyo ezinokundinceda?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ukufumanisa ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo. Umhlaza wegazi ziimeko ezinzulu, kwaye unyango lunokuba nzima. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uza kujongana nonyango oluphindaphindeneyo kwiintsuku, kwiiveki nakwiinyanga ezizayo.

Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula oku: Olu nyango lunceda abantu baphile ixesha elide kunangaphambili . Kwabanye, unyango lunokuphelisa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iziphumo onokuzilindela. Thetha nabo malunga neenzuzo kunye neengxaki zokhetho ngalunye lonyango. Banokukunceda ukwazi ukumelana noko kuza kwenzeka emva koko.

Khumbula oku: Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Oogqirha, usapho, kunye nabahlobo bonke bakhona ukukunceda. Hlala uqinile!

I- Acute monocytic leukemia, i-AMoL, umhlaza wegazi, iimpawu ze-leukemia, i-chemotherapy, ukufakelwa komongo wethambo, unyango lomhlaza