Ngaba umntwana wakho ungumntu okrwada kakhulu? Akakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye? Okanye uhlala ekhalaza ngokuba akanikeli ngqalelo eklasini? Sihlala sisiva nge-ADHD kule mihla. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba 'yinto entsha'. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye i-ADHD? Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko? Masithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha nangendlela ephuma entliziyweni.
Bangaphi abantu abane-ADHD ngokwenene?
Kunzima kancinci ukunika impendulo ecacileyo kulo mbuzo kuba abaphandi basebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuphanda lo mbandela, kwaye idatha abayifumanayo yahlukile kancinci.
Uninzi lweengxelo lubonisa ukuba phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-8% yabantwana abakwiminyaka yokufunda isikolo banale meko, kodwa imibutho efana ne-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) ithi eli nani liphezulu njenge-11%.
Ngoku, ingxaki enye ngale nto kukuba ezinye izifundo zixhomekeke kwinto ethethwa ngabazali . Oko kukuthi, ukuba abazali bathi, "Ugqirha uthe umntwana wam une-ADHD," oko kuthathwa njengedatha. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba besitsho loo nto, akuthethi ukuba umntwana uhlangabezana nazo zonke iikhrayitheriya zokuxilongwa kwe-ADHD.
Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha bathi umntwana une-ADHD nangona enezinye iingxaki zemfundo, zokuziphatha, okanye zengqondo. Elinye icala liyinyaniso. Oko kukuthi, abanye abantwana abane-ADHD abafumani zimpawu.
Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD inokudideka nezinye iingxaki ezininzi, ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha noogqirha banengxaki yokuchaza ukuba yeyiphi imeko abayibonayo.
Nangona kunjalo, into enye iingcali ezaziyo ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba i-ADHD yeyona ngxaki yokuziphatha ixhaphakileyo eyenzeka ebuntwaneni .
Ingaba esi 'sisifo esitsha'? "Besingenazo ezi ngexesha lethu, akunjalo?"
Abantu abaninzi bathi le yingxaki yoluntu lwanamhlanje, ukuba abazali bakho "babengenaso esi sifo" xa babesengabantwana. Bakhomba kwinto yokuba inani labantwana abafunyaniswe bene-ADHD lenyuke ngama-42% ukusuka ngo-2003 ukuya ku-2011. Ngaba oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abaninzi bakhula nale meko ngoku kunangaphambili? Nalapha, inyaniso iyinkimbinkimbi kancinci.
Abazali badla ngokubuza, "Owu, gqirha, ngaba kukho into engalunganga ngamanzi? Ngaba kukho into engalunganga ngokutya endikunika umntwana wam? Okanye kungenxa yento endiyenzileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa?"
Impendulo yethu ithi: "Hayi, akunjalo. Okwenzekileyo ngoku kukuba kukho ulwazi olungakumbi kuluntu malunga nale meko, uphando oluthe kratya lwenziwe ngale nto, kwaye ngoku siphucuke kakhulu."Izixhobo kunye neendlela zokuxilonga.
Cinga ngayo njengekhamera yamandulo kunye nekhamera yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu namhlanje. Ngeendlela zonyango eziphucukileyo zanamhlanje kunye nokuqonda, ngoku singakwazi ukubona ngokuchanekileyo abantwana esasingabazi ngaphambili. Oko kuthetha ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba bekukho abantu abaninzi abane-ADHD kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo njenganamhlanje, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba abazange babonwe okanye banyangwe.
Abafana? Amantombazana? Ngubani one-ADHD engaphezulu?
Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ngempazamo ukuba i-ADHD yingxaki echaphazela abafana kuphela. Enyanisweni, idatha yangoku ibonisa ukuba abafana banamathuba aphindwe kabini okufunyanwa benale ADHD kunamantombazana. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibalo zinokutshintsha njengoko abaphandi befunda ngakumbi ngendlela le meko ebonakala ngayo kumantombazana.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze -ADHD :
1. Uhlobo lokungakhathali
2. Uhlobo olusebenzisa amandla kakhulu
3. Indibaniselwano yazo zombini ezi ntlobo (uhlobo lwe-Co MBI ned)
Ukuba amantombazana ane-ADHD, adla ngokuba neempawu ezingakhathaliyo kuneempawu ezingasebenzi kakuhle . Ngoko ke kunokuba nzima ukuzifumanisa. Uhlobo oludibeneyo luxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamakhwenkwe.
Lo mahluko ungaqondwa ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uphawu | Kumantombazana | Kubafana |
|---|---|---|
| Uhlobo olubonakala kakhulu | Uhlobo lokungakhathali | Uhlobo oluxutyiweyo (oludibeneyo) |
| Iimpawu eziphambili | Ukuphupha emini, ukuphazamiseka lula, ukulibala, ubunzima bokucwangcisa izinto | Ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye, ukusoloko ujikeleza, ukujikeleza, ukuphazamisa incoko, ukungabi namonde |
| Impembelelo yokuchongwa | Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu azibonakali kangako, kusenokwenzeka ukuba esi sifo sibhidaniswe nomntwana "othuleyo" okanye "oneentloni" size siphuthelwe. | Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zibonakala kakhulu kwaye zinokuphazamisa igumbi lokufundela, amathuba okubhaqwa aphezulu. |
Ngaba i-ADHD yingxaki yobuntwana kuphela?
Hayi. Malunga nama-60% abantu ababene-ADHD besebancinci bayaqhubeka nokuba neempawu xa bebadala. Ukuze umntu omdala afunyaniswe ngokusemthethweni ukuba une-ADHD, iimpawu kufuneka ziqale ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba azizange zifunyaniswe esengumntwana, kodwa iimpawu kufuneka zibe ziqale ngelo xesha.
Ezi mpawu zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngoko ke i-ADHD yomntu omdala isenokungabonakali njengeyomntwana.
Khawucinge ngenkwenkwe eyayisoloko ibaleka eklasini isengumntwana, kodwa xa sele ikhulile isenokungabaleki ngolo hlobo. Endaweni yoko, isenokuba neengxaki ezinkulu zokunika ingqalelo nokucwangcisa umsebenzi wayo . Ukuzibhokoxa kakhulu akusoloko kuyingxaki enkulu xa sele ikhulile, kodwa iingxaki zokungakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo zisenokuqhubeka.
Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni kwabanye abangama-40%? Ngaba "baphiliswe ngokupheleleyo" koku? Hayi ngqo. I-ADHD sisifo se-neurobiological . Siyazi ukuba ingqondo iyakhula kwaye iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ngoko ke ingqondo yabo itshintshile, okanye indlela yabo yokuphila iqhelene nayo.
Umzekelo, ukuba umntu one-ADHD osebenza ngempumelelo njengomthengisi ohambahambayo ngequbuliso utshintshela kumsebenzi weofisi osebenza edesikeni, iingxaki zakhe zinokuvela kwakhona.
Umsantsa phakathi kwabantu besini uyancipha kancinci njengoko sikhula. Phakathi kwabantu abadala, kumfazi omnye ofunyaniswe ene-ADHD, kukho amadoda ali-1.6.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayisiyonto intsha okanye yingxaki yabazali. Yimeko yokwenyani yezonyango enxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho.
- Kubikwa ngoku ukuba kukho izigulane ezininzi ezine-ADHD, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba esi sifo sisasazeka, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ulwazi lwethu, ukuqonda, kunye neendlela zokuxilonga ziphucukile.
- I-ADHD izibonakalisa ngokwahlukileyo kumantombazana kunamakhwenkwe. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zabo (ukungakwazi ukuqaphela) azibonakali kangako, banamathuba amaninzi okuthi bangafumani zimpawu kwaye bangahoywa.
- Oku akupheleli nje ebuntwaneni. Abantu abaninzi bayaqhubeka benazo iimpawu de babe ngabantu abadala, kwaye uhlobo lwazo lunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukuba unesikrokro sokuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha okanye ingcali yezonyango malunga nayo ukuze ufumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo kunye nesikhokelo.
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