I-ADHD nakubasetyhini? Ewe, masithethe ngale nto! (Ingxaki yokuNgqinela/yokuHamba ngokugqithisileyo)

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi ingqondo yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle? Ngaba unengxaki yokugxila nakwimisebenzi emincinci? Okanye uziva ngathi ingqondo yakho iyazulazula ndaweni ithile nangona uthetha nomhlobo wakho? Ngaba uhlala ulibale izinto? Ukuba ezi zinto ziyenzeka kuwe rhoqo, mhlawumbi into esiza kuthetha ngayo iya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebonwa nakubasetyhini, kodwa idla ngokungachongwa ngokufanelekileyo. Oko kukuthi 'i-ADHD' okanye '(ingxaki yokungakwazi ukuqwalasela/yokungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle)'.

Yintoni i-ADHD? Ibachaphazela njani abafazi?

Ngamafutshane, i-ADHD yimeko eyenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela iinxalenye zengqondo yethu ezikhula kwaye zisebenza ngayo kunye. Nangona inokuqala ebuntwaneni , abantu abaninzi, ingakumbi abafazi, bafunyanwa benayo kamva ebomini, nokuba besebatsha okanye sele bekhulile.

Nangona le meko inokuchaphazela amadoda nabafazi, kukho umahluko kwindlela ebachaphazela ngayo. Nangona uphando lubonise ukuba i-ADHD ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda, ngoku kukho ubungqina bokuba abafazi abaninzi bahlushwa yile meko kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili . Ingxaki kukuba idla ngokungafumaneki kakuhle kuba iimpawu kubafazi ngamanye amaxesha zahlukile kancinci kwaye ngenxa yesimo sengqondo esithile sentlalo.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-ADHD eziqhelekileyo kubasetyhini?

Iimpawu ze-ADHD zinxulumene kakhulu nento ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Executive Dysfunction." Oku kuthetha ukuba eminye yemisebenzi yolawulo engqondweni yethu, njengokugcina ingqalelo, ukugcina iingqondo zethu zigxile, ukulawula iimvakalelo, ukulawula iminqweno, kunye nokuphuhlisa ukuzikhuthaza, ayisebenzi kakuhle.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD:

1. Uhlobo lokungakhathali : Aba bantu banengxaki yokugcina iingqondo zabo zigxile kwaye bathanda ukulibala izinto rhoqo.

2. Uhlobo olusebenza ngokugqithisileyo/olunempembelelo : Aba bantu bahlala bengazinzi, banengxaki yokuhlala kwindawo enye, kwaye benza izinto ngokungxama.

3. Uhlobo oluxutyiweyo : Aba bantu baneempawu zazo zombini ezi ntlobo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, abafazi abanakukwazi ukuba neempawu ezibangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle/ezibangela ukungxama . Oku kuthetha ukuba abanakukwazi ukuba ne-ADHD okanye i-ADHD exutyiweyo. Abafazi badla ngokubonisa iimpawu zokungakhathali.

Iimpawu zohlobo lokungakhathali

Ezi mpawu zinokuphazamisana nomsebenzi wakho, umsebenzi wakho wezemfundo, kunye nobudlelwane bakho nabantu. Jonga ukuba ubunazo na ezi mpawu kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwezintandathu:

• Ndisoloko ndenza iimpazamo ezincinci ngenxa yokungahoywa. Ndisebenza ngaphandle kokunika ingqalelo kwiinkcukacha.
• Kunzima ukuhlala ugxile kumsebenzi othile uze uwugqibe.
• Ngelixa abanye bethethaKubonakala ngathi akaphulaphuli (ngokungathi intloko yakhe ikwenye indawo, njengoko abanye besenokuthi, "ulahlekile kwihlabathi leengcinga").
• Kulula ukuqala umsebenzi, kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukuwugqiba.
• Kunzima ukubeka izinto phambili, ukuhlela izinto, nokugqiba ukuba uza kwenza ntoni kuqala kwaye uza kwenza ntoni kamva (ingakumbi xa kufikwa kwimisebenzi enamanyathelo amaninzi).
• Abayithandi ngokwenene kwaye bayayiphepha imisebenzi abayifumana ikruqula, efana nokubhala amaphepha kunye nemisebenzi yasekhaya.
• Izinto zihlala zilahlekile, zilahlekile, okanye zilibalekile. Ndisoloko ndikhangela ipeni yam, izitshixo kunye nefowuni.
• Kulula ukuphazanyiswa yinto encinci ekungqongileyo okanye yenye ingcinga efika engqondweni yakho.
• Nakwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, siyalibala izinto. Mhlawumbi siyalibala idinga likagqirha okanye umhla wokuhlawula ityala.

Khawuthelekelele uNimali enengxelo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ayilungiselele eofisini. Uqala ukuyilungiselela, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile ubona isaziso kwifowuni yakhe aze aye kuyijonga. Emva koko ukhumbula enye into. Xa ebuyela kwingxelo, akakhumbuli nokuba wayeka phi. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka rhoqo, kunokuba luphawu lwe-'ADHD'.

Iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle/ezifana nokungxama

Nangona ezi mpawu zinqabile kubafazi, azikho kwaphela. Ezi zinokuphazamisa ubudlelwane bakho, umsebenzi, kunye nezifundo zakho. Jonga ukuba unazo na ezi mpawu zintandathu ubuncinane kangangeenyanga ezingaphezu kwezintandathu:

• Ukuhlala ujikeleza, kunzima ukuhlala kwindawo enye. (ukuzulazula)
• Kufuneka ndivuke ndihambe rhoqo. Kunzima ukuhlala esitulweni ixesha elide.
• Ndihlala ndiziva ndingaphumli.
• Kunzima ukuthula. Ndithetha ndedwa, okanye ndithethe amagama angenantsingiselo kunye nezandi (ngamanye amaxesha kungekhona ngabom, kodwa ngokuzenzekela).
• Usebenza ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima kwabanye ukusebenza nawe.
• Ukuthetha kakhulu (ngamanye amaxesha 'bachaza ngokugqithisileyo' bona, okanye bathetha ngento abayithandayo - oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-'(info-dumping)`).
• Unengxaki yokuzibamba xa ethetha (uhlala ephazamisa abanye, aphendule ngaphambi kokuba bagqibe izivakalisi zabo).
• Kunzima ukuba nomonde uze ulinde ithuba lakho.
• Imida yentlalo ayiqondwa rhoqo (isenokuphazamisa incoko okanye imisebenzi yabanye abantu ngempazamo, kwaye isenokungaqondi ukuba oku kuyabaphazamisa abanye).

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-ADHD phakathi kwabasetyhini? Kutheni ingachongwa ngokufanelekileyo?

Kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo malunga nokusasazwa ngokwesini kwe-ADHD. Ngokwezifundo ezininzi, umlinganiselo wamakhwenkwe namantombazana ebuntwaneni umalunga ne-2:1.Oko kuthetha ukuba xa amantombazana amabini ene-ADHD, kukho amathuba afanayo nalawo omfana omnye. Kodwa ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba eli nani linokuba phezulu njenge-17:1. Nangona kunjalo, xa umntu emdala, eli nani lifana kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba abafazi bafunyanwa benesi sifo xa bebadala.

Nangona uphando luqinisekisile ukuba le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubafana nakumadoda, kukho ubungqina bokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ingafunyaniswa kwabasetyhini . Abaphandi bacinga ukuba oku kusenokuba ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• Uhlobo lweempawu: Iimpawu ezisebenza ngokugqithisileyo/ezingxamisekileyo ezixhaphakileyo kumakhwenkwe nakumadoda zibonakala lula kwabanye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifunyaniswe lula. Iimpawu zokungakhathali kubafazi azibonakali kangako.
• Ukukhetha icala: Ngenxa yokuba i-ADHD icingelwa ukuba ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda, oogqirha kwanootitshala basenokungazinaki kangako ezi mpawu kumabhinqa. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abafazi bangakwazi ukufumana ukuxilongwa nonyango olufanelekileyo.
• Ukungabikho kophando lwe-ADHD kwabasetyhini: Uphando lwasekuqaleni lwe-ADHD lugxile kakhulu kwindlela oluchaphazela ngayo amadoda, ngoko ke akukho uphando lwe-ADHD olujoliswe kwabasetyhini.
• Iingxaki zeendlela zokuxilonga ezikhoyo ngoku: Ezinye iingcali zithi iindlela zokuxilonga ezikhoyo ngoku azincedi kangako ekuxilongeni i-ADHD kubasetyhini, okanye azichanekanga kangako.
• Iingcamango ezichasene nesini kunye nokuziphatha: Ukuziphatha okunxulumene ne-ADHD - ingakumbi iimpawu ezigqithisileyo - kuthathwa njengento eyamkelekileyo kumadoda namakhwenkwe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba intombazana ingcolile, kuthathwa njengento "engeyonto ilungileyo," ngoko ke abafazi bazama ukufihla nokuthintela ezi mpawu ze-ADHD ukuze bafaneleke.

Yintoni ebangela i-ADHD?

Iingcali azikaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni okanye njani i-ADHD. Kodwa ziyazi ukuba i-ADHD inekhonkco elinamandla kwimfuza . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba omnye wabazali bakho une-ADHD, nawe unokuba ne-ADHD. Ukuba une-ADHD, nabantwana bakho banokuba nayo.

Abantu abane-ADHD sibabiza ngokuba yi-"Neurodivergent." Oku kuthetha ukuba indlela iingqondo zabo eziphuhlileyo nezisebenza ngayo yahlukile kweye-"Neurotypical" (oko kukuthi, abo iingqondo zabo ziphuhlileyo nezisebenza njengoko kulindelekile).

Abaphandi basazama ukufumanisa ukuba olu tshintsho ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo luyibangela njani i-ADHD. Kukho ubungqina bokuba oku kusenokubangelwa lutshintsho kwisakhiwo sobuchopho, ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, okanye zombini. Kukwakho nokurhanelwa ukuba iihomoni ezisekelwe kwisini okanye ezinye izinto zinokuchaphazela i-ADHD kunye neempawu zayo. Oku kusenokuba yimbangela yokuba ezinye iimpawu zixhaphake kakhulu kubafana nakumadoda.

Ungazi njani ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-ADHD? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ugqirha – ngesiqhelo ugqirha wengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo – uya kugqiba ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unayo na i-ADHD. Le nkqubo idla ngokubandakanya ukubuza imibuzo malunga neempawu zangoku nezexesha elidlulileyo. Bakwasebenzisa imibuzo ekhethekileyo ukunceda ekuxilongeni i-ADHD. Okwangoku akukho vavanyo lwelabhoratri okanye olunye uvavanyo lwezonyango olunokuxilonga i-ADHD.

Ngaba ikho indlela yonyango lwe-ADHD? Ngaba inganyangeka?

I-ADHD ayisosifo esinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, sisifo esilawulwa kakuhle nesinganyangekiyo. Unyango oluphambili lonyango. Kwakhona, unyango olwahlukeneyo lwengqondo, olufana ne-psychotherapy, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-psychological counseling , lusetyenziswa kakhulu. Ezi ndlela zokunika iingcebiso zinceda abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abane-ADHD ukuba baziqhelanise nale meko baze bafunde ukuphila nayo. Kwakhona, olu ncedo luluncedo kwezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngexhala okanye ukudakumba, ezihlala zibonwa kwi-ADHD.

Ngawaphi amayeza kunye nonyango loku?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza anokunyanga i-ADHD. Uninzi lwala mayeza lusebenza ngokutshintsha amanqanaba ee-neurotransmitters, iikhemikhali ezinceda ubuchopho bethu ukuba bunxibelelane.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zamayeza:

• Izinto ezivuselelayo: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-methylphenidate (Ritalin®), i-dextroamphetamine/amphetamine salts (Adderall®), kunye ne-lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse®). Uninzi lwale mithi luza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iyeza lingasetyenziswa ixesha elifutshane okanye elide.
• Izinto ezingezizo ezivuselelayo: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-atomoxetine (Strattera®), i-viloxazine (Qelbree®), i-clonidine (Kapvay®) kunye ne-guanfacine (Intuniv®).
• Amayeza okudakumba: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-bupropion (Wellbutrin®), i-desipramine (Norpramin®), i-imipramine (Tofranil®) kunye ne-nortriptyline (Pamelor™).

Kubalulekile: La mayeza afanele athathwe kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha. Ugqirha uya kugqiba amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kuwe.

Ngaba unyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki zamayeza e-ADHD zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uhlobo lwamayeza owasebenzisayo. Ugqirha wakho unokuchaza ngcono ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzifumana kunye nento onokuyenza ngazo.

Esinye isiphumo esibi omele usiqaphele ngakumbi ngamayeza avuselelayo kukunciphisa ukutya . Kuqhelekile ukuba la mayeza anciphise ukutya. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokuba yingxaki ukuba umntu unengxaki yokutya. Iingxaki zokutya zixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda. Ukuba ufumana okanye ukrokrela esi siphumo esibi, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho okanye ugqirha wakho.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela i-ADHD?

I-ADHD yenzeka ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga nangezizathu ezingaqondwa ngokupheleleyo ziingcali. Ke ngoko, okwangoku akukho ndlela yokuyithintela okanye yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuyifumana.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba une-ADHD?

I-ADHD ayisiyongxaki iyingozi, kodwa inokuchaphazela iinkalo ezininzi zobomi bakho - umsebenzi wesikolo, umsebenzi, ubuhlobo, ubudlelwane bosapho, nokunye.

Abafazi abane-ADHD basengozini enkulu yokuba:

• Ukuxhaphaza (kokubini ubuso ngobuso kunye nokuxhaphaza kwi-intanethi).
• Iingxaki zokulawula iimvakalelo , ingakumbi uvakalelo olugqithisileyo lokwaliwa (Ukungavumi Ukukhathazeka Okubangelwa Yimvakalelo).
• Iingxaki zokufunda , umzekelo `(Dyslexia)` (iingxaki zokufunda) kunye `(Dyscalculia)` (iingxaki zezibalo).
• Iimpawu zomzimba ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo , umzekelo, iintloko ezibuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, ukudinwa, kunye nokungalali.
• Iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezinxulumeneyo ziquka ixhala kunye nokudakumba.
• Iindlela zokuzilimaza , ezinje ngokuzisika, ukuluma iinzipho, kunye nokukrwela ulusu.
• Ubunzima bokwenza nokugcina ubuhlobo kunye nobudlelwane (abafazi badla ngokuzifihla iimpawu zabo ze-ADHD ukuze bavumelane nabo).

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-ADHD?

I-ADHD yimeko eqala ebuntwaneni, ngesiqhelo ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala. I-ADHD yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke. Abanye abantu bathi "bayakhula" okanye "bayaphela njengoko bekhula," kuba iimpawu zabo ziyancipha kancinci kwaye azisekho nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zifanele ukufunyaniswa ukuba zinesifo.

Nangona kunjalo, abafazi abanakukwazi "ukukhula" ngaphandle kwe-ADHD. Malunga nama-60% abafazi bayaqhubeka nokuba ne-ADHD bade babe ngabantu abadala. Phakathi kwamadoda, eli nani limalunga nama-30%.

Ngaba singaphuma kule meko? Iyintoni imbono?

Ngonyango noqeqesho, iziphumo zale meko zinokulawulwa kwaye ziguqulwe zibe zezilungileyo. Iingcali kunye nabaphandi baye baqaphela kakuhle unxibelelwano phakathi kwe-'ADHD' kunye nobuchule, izakhono zokusombulula iingxaki, kunye nobuchule bokukhumbula obuqinileyo. Iinkampani ezininzi ezinkulu zinomdla ngokukodwa ekuqesheni abantu '(iiNeurodiverse)', oko kukuthi, abantu abaneemeko ezifana ne-'ADHD'. Kuba ezinye zeempawu ezibangelwa zezi meko ziluncedo kwiintlobo ezithile zemisebenzi.

I-ADHD yomntu ngamnye yahlukile njengomntu. Abantu abaninzi baphila ubomi ngaphandle kokuxilongwa okanye ukunyangwa. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuziqhelanisa nayo - mhlawumbi nokuguqula iimpawu zayo zibe namandla - imeko idla ngokwenza ubomi bube nzima.

Uzinyamekela njani? Ungenza ntoni?

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, indawo efanelekileyo yokuqala ukufuna uncedo kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho (umboneleli wezempilo oyintloko) okanye ugqirha wezingane womntwana wakho. Banokukuthumela kwingcali enamava okufumana ulwazi kunye noqeqesho lokuxilonga nokunyanga i-ADHD.

Ukuba ingcali ikuxilonga ukuba une-ADHD, iya kukunika isikhokelo kunye neengcebiso malunga neendlela zonyango. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezilungileyo ezinokukunceda kolu hambo:

• Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe. Amayeza e-ADHD kufuneka asetyenziswe njengoko uyalelwe. Ukwenza njalo kunokunceda ukuthintela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingathandekiyo ezinokuza neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza.
• Bonana nogqirha wakho njengoko kuyalelwe. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho yendawo okuyo, amanye amayeza anokumiselwa kuphela ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo. Kufuneka uye kwiiseshoni zokunika iingcebiso kunye nezinye iindibano zonyango njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Fumana okukusebenzelayo. Ukongeza ekufumaneni unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe, kukwakho nezinto onokuzongeza ebomini bakho ukunceda ukulawula i-ADHD yakho. Ukumisela iinkqubo kunye nemikhwa, kunye nokusebenzisa itekhnoloji - umzekelo, ii-apps zefowuni ezinceda kwi-ADHD - nazo zinokunceda.
• Musa ukoyika ukucela indawo yokuhlala. Ezi ziinguqu okanye uhlengahlengiso kwindawo yakho yomsebenzi okanye yesikolo olunokukunceda ulawule ngcono i-ADHD yakho. Iindawo ezininzi (kuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo) zinemithetho efuna abaqeshi kunye namaziko emfundo ukuba benze ezi ndawo zokuhlala. Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga neendawo zokuhlala ezinokufumaneka ukukunceda, okanye akuthumele kwizixhobo apho unokufumana khona uncedo.

Khumbula, akukho ndlela inye ilungileyo yokulawula i-ADHD. Abanye abantu bayazuza kumayeza, abanye kwingcebiso, kwaye abanye kuzo zombini. Okusebenza kumntu omnye kusenokusebenza okanye kungasebenzeli wena okanye umntwana wakho. Ixesha elithathayo ukubona iziphumo linokwahluka. Into ebalulekileyo kukufumana okusebenza kuwe nakumntwana wakho kwaye usebenzise oko ukufumanayo ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaba abafazi bane-ADHD engakhathaliyo ngakumbi?

Ingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo kukuba abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba neempawu zohlobo lwe-ADHD oluthi "Inattentive-type"`, okanye amathuba amaninzi okuba baxilongwe benalo hlobo. Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba akunjalo .

Enyanisweni, abafazi banezinga elifanayo leempawu zokungakhathali njengamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, baneempawu ezimbalwa zokungakhathali/ukungxama. Oko kukuthi, abafazi banamathuba afanayo namadoda okuba nohlobo lwe-ADHD yokungakhathali, kodwa amathuba amancinci okuba nohlobo lwe-ADHD yokungxama/ukungxama kunye nohlobo oluxutyiweyo lwe-ADHD.

Abafazi abane-ADHD banamathuba amaninzi okuba baxilongwe gwenxa okanye baxilongwe gwenxa. Oku kunokubangela ukuba bazive bedanile kwaye bengenakunceda. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda ukuba i-ADHD yimeko yezonyango echaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba ubunzima ohlangabezana nabo bubangelwa yimeko yezonyango, kungekhona sisiphene kubuntu bakho okanye ubuntu bakho.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha ukuze axilonge aze anyange le meko. Kunye, ningenza isicwangciso sonyango sokulawula iimpawu zenu ze-ADHD. Emva koko, ninokufumana indlela yokuguqula oko kukwenza wahluke kwabanye kube ngamandla enu.

Okokugqibela, khumbula oku...

• I-ADHD yimeko yokwenyani yezonyango. Asinto ubuyicinga, asikobuvila, asikobuthathaka bobuntu.
• I-ADHD ikwaxhaphakile phakathi kwabasetyhini. Nangona kunjalo, idla ngokufunyaniswa kade okanye isenokungabonwa konke konke.
• Ukuba ucinga ukuba uneempawu ze-ADHD, ungoyiki ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nonyango kunokwenza ubomi bakho bube lula kakhulu.
• Awuwedwa. Baninzi nabanye abantu abaphila nale meko. Fumana uncedo, wabelane ngamava akho.
• Ukuphila ne-ADHD kunokuba nzima, kodwa ngenkxaso namaqhinga afanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obunempumelelo nobonwabisayo. Zama ukuguqula umahluko wakho ube ngamandla akho!

I- ADHD, i-ADHD kwabasetyhini, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, iimpawu ze-ADHD, unyango lwe-ADHD, impilo yengqondo