"Andikuboni, ndingumntu onesifo sokunganyamezelani!" Sihlekisa ngabantu abangafanelaniyo nathi, akunjalo? Njengokuba sikruquka ngabantu xa bengafanelani neengcinga zethu, sikubiza ngokuba yi-allergy kukungathandi komzimba izinto ezithile zangaphandle ezingafanelaniyo nomzimba wethu.
Xa ndithetha ngale aleji, ndikhumbula isiganeko esenzeke kumhlobo wam osenyongweni uRumesh xa ndandifunda kwiCandelo lezonyango laseColombo.
Ngenye imini, iqela lethu laya ehotele ekufutshane nekhampasi, sivuya ukuba sigqibile umsebenzi omkhulu. Sa-odola irayisi entsha ekhethekileyo apho. Emva kokuba sifumene ukutya, sasithetha kwaye sikunambitha, xa uRumesh ngequbuliso wathi, "Owu, umlomo wam uvakala ungaqhelekanga."
Sathi sakujonga nje, imilebe kaRumesh yayidumbile, umzimba wakhe wonke wawugcwele amabala abomvu, namehlo akhe ebomvu. Okwakusoyikisa nangakumbi kukuba uRumesh waqala ukukhala esithi, "Andikwazi kuphefumla, gqirha." URumesh wayene-allergy yepayinapile. Ngenxa yokuba irayisi yayinepayinapile, waba ne -anaphylaxis, i-allergy esongela ubomi.
Ngethamsanqa, omnye umhlobo wethu wafumana inaliti ye-adrenaline (epinephrine), ngoko sayitofa kanye ehotele saza sathatha uRumeshi saya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Oko kwasindisa ubomi bukaRumeshi ngaloo mini.
Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesizathu sokuba kubekho ezi aleji kunye nendlela esifanele senze ngayo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
Zithini izinto ezibangela i-allergies?
I-allergy yimeko ebangelwa kukungaqondani kakuhle kwenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
Xa into engaphandle, njengothuli, ipollen, ukutya, okanye amayeza, edla ngokungayonakalisi imizimba yethu ingena emzimbeni wethu, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iyibona ngempazamo njengotshaba (into enobungozi). Emva koko ivelisa i-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-IgE (Immunoglobulin E) ukulwa nayo. Le yimpendulo yeekhemikhali eyenzeka emzimbeni ebangela ezi mpawu ze-allergy.
Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-allergies
- Ukunganyamezelani nokutya: Ukunganyamezelani okubangelwa kukutya okufana neepinati, amaqanda, ubisi, intlanzi, intlanzi eneembotyi, ingqolowa, isoya, kunye neziqhamo ezifana nepayinapile.
- Umkhuhlane Weengca: Ukuthimla, impumlo evuzayo, kunye namehlo arhawuzelelwayo okubangelwa kukuphefumla uthuli, uboya bezilwanyana, okanye impova evela kwiintyatyambo emoyeni.
- Ukunganyamezelani nolusu (Atopic Dermatitis): Ukurhawuzelelwa nokurhawuzelelwa okubomvu eluswini okubangelwa kukudibana neekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo, isepha, okanye amalaphu.
- Ukunganyamezelani namayeza: Ukunganyamezelani okubangelwa zii-antibiotics ezifana ne-penicillin okanye ezinye iintlungu.
- Ukuluma kwezinambuzane: Ukunganyamezelani okubangelwa kukuluma kweenyosi, iinyosi, iihornet, okanye iimbovane.
Ungaziqonda njani iimpawu ze-allergy?
Ubunzima be-allergy buyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye.
1. Iimpawu ezincinci
- Ukuthimla
- Impumlo egobhozayo nerhawuzelelayo
- Ubomvu kunye nokukrazuka kwamehlo
- Amaqhuqhuva amancinci eluswini
2. Iimpawu eziphakathi
- Ukuhlanza okanye isisu esibuhlungu
- Ubomvu bubomvu emzimbeni wonke (iiHives)
- Ukuphefumla okuncinci
3. Iimpawu ezinzulu (i-Anaphylaxis)
- Ukudumba kwemilebe, umlomo, ulwimi, nomqala
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla (isandi sokuphefumla esiphuma esifubeni)
- Ukwehla ngokukhawuleza koxinzelelo lwegazi
- Ukudinwa, ukuquleka, kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo
> [!KUBALULEKILE]
> I-Anaphylaxis yingxamiseko enkulu yezonyango enokuba yingozi ebomini kwimizuzu embalwa. Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kufuneka unike isigulana uncedo lokuqala ngoko nangoko uze usise esibhedlele esikufutshane.
Uvavanyo lokufumanisa i-allergies
Ugqirha uza kuyalela ezi mvavanyo ukuze abone eyona nto ibangela i-allergy yakho:
1. Uvavanyo lokuHlatywa kwesikhumba: Kuthathwa isixa esincinci sento ekrokrelwayo, kufakwe inxeba eluswini, kwaye impendulo iyabonwa.
2. Uvavanyo lweGazi lwe-IgE: Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi ize ivavanywe ukuba ikhona na i-IgE antibodies kwizinto ezithile.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-allergies?
1. Ukuphepha izinto ezibangela i-allergen
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango lwe-allergies kukuchonga izinto ongazithandiyo uze uziphephe ngokupheleleyo.
2. Unyango ngamayeza
Iipilisi ze-antihistamine okanye izitshizi zeempumlo zingasetyenziselwa iimpawu ezingephi ukuya kweziphakathi njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha.
3. Inaliti ye-adrenaline engxamisekileyo (EpiPen / Epinephrine)
Abantu abane-allergies ezinzima bayacetyiswa ngoogqirha ukuba basoloko bephethe i-auto-injector ebizwa ngokuba yi-EpiPen (Epinephrine Auto-injector) ukukhusela ubomi babo. Xa kukho i-anaphylaxis, ukuyifaka ngqo ethangeni lomguli kunokunciphisa ubunzima bokuphefumla ngoko nangoko kwaye kusindise ubomi.
Izinto ekufuneka zenziwe nezo kufuneka zingayenzi
| ✔️ Izinto onokuzenza (Zenze) | ❌ Izinto ongazifuniyo |
|---|---|
| Xelela usapho kunye nabahlobo ngokutya okanye amayeza akho abangela ukuba ungabi namdla. | Musa ukuthatha amayeza okubangela ukunganyamezelani nomzimba ungamxelelanga ugqirha. |
| Soloko uphatha i-EpiPen ukuba une-allergies ezinzima. | Xa unengxaki yokuphefumla ngelixa ukhohlela, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto njengokungakhululeki okuqhelekileyo. |
| Funda izithako ngononophelo phambi kokuba uthenge ukutya. | Abantu abane-aleji yothuli akufuneki basebenze ngaphandle kwemaski yobuso xa becoca indlu. |
| Kwimeko yongxamiseko, thatha isigulana usise esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. | Musa ukuthatha iipilisi ze-allergy kwiikhemesti ixesha elide ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha. |
❓ Eminye imibuzo onokuba nayo (FAQ)
Ngaba ii-allergies zobuntwana ziyaphela njengoko ukhula? ▼
Ewe, abanye abantwana bayayeka ukungenwa zizinto ezibangela ukungezwani nobisi, amaqanda, ingqolowa, kunye nesoya xa beneminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ukungenwa zizinto ezibangela ukungezwani nobisi, amantongomane emithi, kunye ne-shellfish kuhlala kubomi babo bonke.
Ngaba umntu unokuba nee-allergies nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi ?
Ewe, i-allergies ingavela nakweyiphi na iminyaka. Kwanento oyityileyo ngaphambili ngaphandle kweengxaki inokubangela i-allergy kamva ngenxa yotshintsho lweehomoni emzimbeni, utshintsho kwindawo ohlala kuyo, okanye utshintsho kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
Uyisebenzisa njani i-EpiPen? ▼
Kwimeko yengxamiseko, susa isigqubuthelo sokukhusela kwi-EpiPen uze ucinezele incam yenaliti ethangeni elingaphandle lesigulana. Bamba imizuzwana emi-3 ukuya kweli-10 ude uve ukuklikha. Emva koko susa inaliti uze uyihlikihle kancinci loo ndawo.
Ngaba i-aleji inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo? ▼
Nangona ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, unyango lwe-immunotherapy, olwenziwa phantsi kwengcebiso kagqirha, lunokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima be-allergy ngokubeka umzimba kancinci kancinci kwi-allergen efanelekileyo.
Imithombo yesayensi (Iingxelo)
- 📚 Ii-Aleji - Izikhokelo zeNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe (i-NHS)
- 📚 I-Adrenaline (i-epinephrine) yonyango lwe-anaphylaxis kunye noxinzelelo kunye nokungabikho koxinzelelo - PubMed Central (PMC)
- 📚 Ngubani Ofuna I-Epinephrine? I-Anaphylaxis, Ii-Autoinjectors, kunye neeParachutes - PubMed Central (PMC)
Umyalezo obalulekileyo omele ugoduke nawo
- I-aleji kukungaqondani okwenzeka xa ii-antibodies ze-IgE zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela zisabela ngokugqithisileyo ngokujonga into engenabungozi engena emzimbeni isuka ngaphandle njengotshaba.
- I-Anaphylaxis yimeko eyingozi kakhulu ye-allergy ebangela ukudumba kwemilebe/umphimbo, ukuphefumla okufutshane, kunye nokulahlekelwa zingqondo, kwaye ifuna uncedo lokuqala olukhawulezileyo ngenaliti ye-adrenaline (Epinephrine/EpiPen).
- Ukuchonga nokuphepha izinto ezikubangela ukuba ungabi namdla kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke imeko engxamisekileyo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusindisa ubomi bakho.
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