Ngaba nawe une-aleji kwezi zinto? Masifunde ngakumbi malunga ne-aleji.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyarhawuzelelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ngaba uziva ngathi unomkhuhlane kwaye impumlo yakho iyavaleka? Kusenokuba kungenxa yento ongayicingiyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'allergy'. Abantu abaninzi abazi kangako ngako. Ngoko masithethe ngako ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje, kuba kuchaphazela abantu abaninzi.

Yintoni kanye kanye le allergy?

Ngamafutshane, i-allergy yindlela engafunekiyo yokusabela kwenkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela. Cinga ngale ndlela: umzimba wethu unenkqubo yokuzikhusela, siyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela . Ifana nomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Le nkqubo ilwa neentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neentsholongwane ezivela ngaphandle kwaye zisithintele ekuguleni. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, xa izinto ezingenabungozi kuthi - umzekelo, i-pollen, uthuli, kunye nokutya okuthile - zingena emzimbeni wethu, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela icinga ngempazamo ukuba olu lutshaba olukhulu. Emva koko iqala umlo ongeyomfuneko nxamnye nayo. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza nje ngokuba yi-allergy. Le ndlela yokusabela yiyo ebangela ukuba sibe neempawu ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokurhawuzelela nokuthimla.

Zeziphi izinto eziqhelekileyo ezibangela ukuba singabi naso isifo se-allergies?

Kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuba nazo xa sigula, kodwa nazi ezimbalwa zezona zixhaphakileyo:

• Ityhefu yeenyosi kunye nezinye izinambuzane ezilumayo: Abanye abantu banokuba ne-aleji kakhulu kwiintlobo zezilwanyana ezifana neenyosi kunye neehornets.
• Iincukuthu zothuli: Ezi zizidalwa ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Zihlala eluthulini emakhayeni ethu. Zixhaphakile kwiimatrasi, kwimiqamelo nakwiikhaphethi.
• Ukutya: Abanye abantu bane-aleji kukutya okufana nobisi, amaqanda, amandongomane, isoya, intlanzi, i-shrimp, kunye ne-crab.
• Amayeza: Amanye amayeza, anjengeentlungu zokuphelisa iintlungu kunye nee-antibiotics, anokubangela i-allergies.
• Iimbotyi: Iimbotyi ezikhula kwiindawo ezimanzi, njengakwiindonga ezindala, zinokubangela i-allergies xa ziphefumlwa.
• Izilwanyana zasekhaya: Abanye abantu bane-aleji kuboya, amathe, kunye neeseli zolusu ezifileyo zezilwanyana ezifana nezinja neekati. Khawuthelekelele, emva kokuchukumisa ikati endlwini yomhlobo wakho, uqala ukuthimla kwaye amehlo akho aba bomvu. Oko kuthetha ukuba usenokuba ne-aleji kwi-cat dander.
• Iimpendulo ze-contact dermatitis: Ezinye iikhemikhali, isepha, iimetali (ezifana ne-nickel), kunye nezinye izityalo zinokubangela ukurhawuzelela xa zidibana nolusu .
• I-Pollen: Le yeyona nto ibangela umkhuhlane kunye nokurhawuzelelwa kwamehlo kubantu abaninzi ngexesha lentwasahlobo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-allergy?

Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kwaye zixhomekeke kwinto onayo xa une-aleji. Jonga olu luhlu:

• Ukurhawuzelelwa lusu, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ukurhawuzelelwa.
• Ukurhawuzelela.
• Ukuthimla, impumlo exineneyo, impumlo egobhozayo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, njengokukhohlela nokuphefumla kancinci.
• Amehlo arhawuzelelayo namanzi.
• Ukudumba kobuso, imilebe, ulwimi, okanye umqala.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ubunzima bokuginya.
• Ukuhlanza okanye urhudo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.

Ngoku, ukuba uchukumisa into onayo i-aleji, unokufumana irhashalala lolusu kuphela. Kodwa ukuba uphefumla into efana ne-pollen okanye i-dander yezilwanyana, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uzive ugobile impumlo kwaye uthimla. I-aleji yokutya, amayeza, ubuthi be-wasp, nezinye izinto zinokuba nzima kakhulu. Zinokubangela nokuba umqala wakho udumbe kwaye zenze kube nzima ukuphefumla. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Anaphylaxis." Le yimeko engxamisekileyo kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani le allergy?

Ezi mpawu zihlala ixesha elide xa ujongene ne-allergen. Ezinye iimpawu ze-allergy ziqala kwimizuzu embalwa. Ezinye zibonakala emva kweeyure okanye iintsuku. Iimpawu zihlala ziphela emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba udibene ne-allergen. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu ze-allergy kulusu, ezifana ne-contact dermatitis, zinokuhlala iiveki.

Kutheni sifumana ezi allergies?

Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iphosisa iiproteni kwizinto ezingenabungozi ezifana ne-pollen, i-dander yezilwanyana, amayeza athile, kunye nokutya njengento eyingozi, njengentsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya. Emva koko, xa siphefumla ezi zinto, sizitya, okanye sizichukumisa, umzimba wethu ucinga ukuba le yingxaki enkulu kwaye kufuneka sizisuse. Kulapho ke iimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili zibonakala khona.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-allergy ayisoloko isenzeka emva kokuba sichatshazelwe yinto ethile kube kanye kuphela. Xa sichatshazelwa okokuqala, umzimba wethu uyayiqonda njengento engaqhelekanga kwaye yenza iiproteni ezikhethekileyo, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies, ezichasene nayo. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-"sensitization." Emva koko, ukuba into efanayo ingena emzimbeni kwakhona, ezo antibodies zenziweyo ziyavuselelwa kwaye zinike inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela uphawu, "Nanku utshaba luza, hlasela." Kulapho ke kuvela khona iimpawu ze-allergy.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nale aleji?

Nangona oku kunokwenzeka nakubani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu:

• Ukuba omnye wabazali bakho une-allergies: Kukho impembelelo yemfuza.
• Kwabo banezifo ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-eczema: Ezi meko ziyafana. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-atopy.

Oogqirha bafumanisa njani ukuba kukho i-allergies?

Ukuba uneempawu zokunganyamezelani komzimba, ugqirha angakuqinisekisa oko ngokwenza uvavanyo oluthile.

• Uvavanyo lolusu:Into oyenzayo ngale nto kukuba, ufake intwana encinci yento ocinga ukuba unokuba ne-allergy kuyo eluswini lwakho, wenze i-incision encinci kakhulu, uze uyifake ngenaliti. Ukuba indawo iba bomvu, idumbe, kwaye irhawuzelele kwimizuzu eli-15-20, oko kuthetha ukuba unesifo se-allergy kuloo nto.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba ngaba une-antibodies ezithile (IgE) egazini lakho ezenziwe ngokuchasene nezinto ezithile ezibangela i-allergen.

Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nezinto ojongene nazo (umzekelo, umsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, njl.njl.) ukuze amisele ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufuneka uzivavanyelwe zona.

Ngamanye amaxesha, kuxhomekeke kwi-allergy ocinga ukuba unayo, unokunikwa uvavanyo lokuphefumla, uvavanyo lomngeni wamayeza okanye wokutya, okanye uvavanyo lwe-patch. Uvavanyo lwe-patch lujonga impendulo ebambezelekileyo eluswini eyenzeka emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-allergies?

Into yokuqala neyona ilungileyo kukuhlala kude kakhulu nezinto onazo i-allergy. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-allergy yakho imbi ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibangele i-anaphylaxis.

Nangona kunjalo, kunzima ukuziphepha ngokupheleleyo izinto ezifana nothuli kunye ne-pollen ezikhoyo kuyo yonke indawo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthabathe amayeza athile imihla ngemihla okanye wenze unyango oluthile rhoqo. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko wempendulo enzima.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-allergies yakho, oku kulandelayo kunokucetyiswa:

• Ii-Antihistamines: Imizekelo ibandakanya amayeza afana neFexofenadine (Allegra®), iLoratadine (Claritin®), kunye neCetirizine (Zyrtec®). Ezi zisebenza ngokuthintela ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-histamine, ekhutshwa ngexesha lokusabela kwe-allergy.
• Izitshizi zeempumlo ze-steroid: Imizekelo iquka iFlonase® kunye neNasacort®. Ezi zinciphisa ukudumba, ukuxinana, kunye nempumlo egobhozayo.
• Ii-Leukotriene modifiers: Amayeza afana neMontelukast anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-allergy, ingakumbi kubantu abane-asthma.
• Iinaliti ze-Omalizumab (Xolair®): Ezi zisetyenziselwa ezinye ii-allergies zokutya kunye nee-hives ezingapheliyo.
• Unyango nge-allergy immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukufaka kancinci kancinci inani elincinci le-allergen emzimbeni wakho ngokuhamba kwexesha, okuvumela umzimba wakho ukuba uziqhelanise nayo. Oku kungenziwa njengenaliti (ii-Allergy shots), njengepilisi ebekwe phantsi kolwimi (i-Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)), okanye njengonyango lomlomo (i-Oral immunotherapy (OIT)). Olu lunyango oluhlala ixesha elide olwenziwa phantsi kweliso lengcali.

Ukuba une-allergy enokubangela i-allergy enzima, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba uhlale uphethe i-epinephrine auto-injector (efana ne-EpiPen® okanye i-Auvi-Q®). Ufanele uyisebenzise xa ubonisa uphawu lokuqala lwe-allergy enzima.

Ndingambona nini ugqirha okanye ndiye kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba uneempawu zokunganyamezelani komzimba kwaye ufuna ukwazi unobangela ochanekileyo, bonana nogqirha. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo angakuthumela kwingcali, efana nengcali ye-allergies okanye i-dermatologist, ukuze avavanywe ngakumbi.

Kodwa ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko, okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-1990:

• Ukudumba okukhawulezileyo kobuso, imilebe, ulwimi, okanye umqala.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla nzima, ukuqina kwesifuba.
• Iintsholongwane ezisasazeka ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni wonke.
• Ukungabi namandla kwezandla, iinyawo, imilebe.
• Ukuziva ubuthathaka, isiyezi, ukuquleka.
• Ukuziva uloyiko olukhulu, ukuziva uloyiko oluzayo.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndine-allergies?

Uhlobo lwe-allergies onalo luza kugqiba ukuba uza kujongana nantoni na. Ii-allergies zexesha elithile, ezifana ne-pollen allergies kunye ne-allergies zezilwanyana zasekhaya, zihlala zicaphukisa kodwa azisongeli ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, ii-allergies kwizinto ezifana nokutya, amayeza, kunye ne-wasp venom zinokuba nzima ngakumbi. Ukuba unenye yezi allergies, kufuneka uhlale uphethe i-epinephrine injector.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndifumane isiqabu xa ndineempawu ze-allergy?

Nokuba ngexesha lonyango, ukuba iimpawu zokunganyamezelani komzimba ziyakhathaza ngamanye amaxesha, ungafumana isiqabu ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Izinto zokususa ukuxinana emlonyeni (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha) okanye ii-saline rinses zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwempumlo kunye nempumlo evuzayo.
• Ukuze unciphise ukurhawuzelelwa nokubomvu kwamehlo, wathambise ngelaphu elicocekileyo elifakwe emanzini abandayo okanye usebenzise amaconsi amehlo (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha) xa kukho ukunganyamezelani.
• Hlamba uze unxibe impahla entsha (ingakumbi emva kokuba uvela ngaphandle) ukuze ususe naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba umzimba wakho ungabi naso isifo.
• Sebenzisa iiloshini ezingenazo izinto ezibangela ukuba ulusu lungabi na-allergies okanye ezingenavumba ukuze unciphise ukurhawuzelela kunye nokurhawuzelela.

Ngaba i-allergies ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ukuba i-allergy ingaveli kwasekuqaleni. Kodwa ukuba sele unayo i-allergy, nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukunceda ukuthintela ukusabela okungafunekiyo:

• Yeka ukuchukumisa okanye ukukhotha izilwanyana onee-aleji kuzo. Tshintsha impahla emva kokuphatha ezo zilwanyana. (Ungazivumeli zingene kwigumbi lakho lokulala, ebhedini yakho, okanye ezitulweni zakho. Ungazichukumisi izinto zokudlala zazo.)
• Hlamba iikhaphethi kunye neekhaphethi rhoqo ukuze ususe izinto ezibangela i-allergies ezifana nothuli, i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye ne-pollen. Sula uthuli ngelaphu elimanzi.
• Kungangcono ukuba ungasebenzisa "izihluzi zomoya ze-"high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)" ukususa izinto ezibangela ii-allergen emoyeni.
• Gcina iifestile zendlu yakho zivaliwe ngexesha lencopho yexesha leentyatyambo.
• Tshintsha izihluzi kwinkqubo ye-HVAC yekhaya lakho rhoqo.

Ukuba une-allergy yokutya, funda iilebheli zokutya ngononophelo. Gcina kuphela ukutya okungena-allergy ekhayeni lakho. Yitya kuphela kwiindawo oqinisekileyo ukuba unokutya kuzo ngaphandle kweengxaki. Qiniseka ukuba wazisa ugqirha wakho nge-allergy yakho xa usitya ngaphandle.

Ngaba i-allergies ziyatshintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka?

Ewe, ii-allergies zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni uchaphazeleke kangakanani yi-allergen, utshintsho kwinkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela, kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-allergies ezikhoyo zinokuba mandundu. Okanye, ii-allergies eziphelileyo zingabuya. Ngamanye amaxesha, ii-allergies ezikhoyo zinokuba ngcono ngokuhamba kwexesha - umzekelo, ukuba une-allergy kwiikati, i-allergy yakho inokuncipha ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi kunye nazo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"tolerance", kodwa oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu). Kwakhona, abanye abantu banokuba nee-allergies ezintsha njengoko bekhula.

Okokugqibela, kufuneka ndikuxelele oku...

I-allergies ziyinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla kwizigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Kwabanye, kuqhelekile ukuba nempumlo egobhozayo nokuthimla rhoqo entwasahlobo. Kwabanye, kunzima ukugcina ulusu lwabo lukude nenja ethandekayo esecaleni. I-allergies yokutya kunye neziyobisi zimbi kakhulu - oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ufunde iilebheli zokutya ngononophelo kwaye uqaphele amayeza amatsha.

Kodwa khumbula, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukulawula i-allergies zakho. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Ngale ndlela, unokwazi ukuba yintoni ekulungeleyo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

Ii-aleji , iimpawu, unyango, izifo zesikhumba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, (i-Anaphylaxis)