Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho, mhlawumbi umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye umakhulu wakho, utatomkhulu, onesifo se-Alzheimer? Xa oko kusenzeka, kuqhelekile ukuba uzive uloyiko olukhulu kunye nexhala, uzibuza, "Owu, ngaba nam ndiza kufumana esi sifo?", "Ngaba le yinto eqhubekayo kusapho?" Izazinzulu zisazama ukufumana unobangela wesifo se-Alzheimer. Kodwa into enye icacile, kwaye kukuba esi sifo sinxulumene ne-genes zethu. Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwesifo se-Alzheimer kunye ne-genes zethu.
Masiqale sibone, zeziphi ezi gene?
Ngamafutshane, ii-genes ziiplani ezakha nezilawula imizimba yethu. Njengeeplani ozizobayo ngaphambi kokuba wakhe indlu. Umbala wamehlo akho kunye nokwakheka kweenwele zakho akubonisi nje kuphela ukuba usengozini yokufumana izifo ezithile, kodwa zikwachaza nokuba usengozini yokufumana izifo ezithile.
Sifumana ezi gene kubazali bethu. Zigcinwa kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-chromosomes ngaphakathi kweeseli zomzimba wethu. Umntu ophilileyo unezibini ezingama-23 zezi chromosomes, okanye ezingama-46 xa zizonke. Ngokwesiqhelo, sifumana enye kwisibini ngasinye, enye kumama wethu nenye kutata wethu. Yiyo loo nto sifumana iimpawu zabazali bethu.
I-Alzheimer's kunye ne-genes eziqala emva kwexesha
Xa kufikwa kwisifo sika-Alzheimer, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Olunye lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo, oluhlala luvela emva kweminyaka engama-65. Olu lubizwa ngokuba yi-Late-Onset Alzheimer's.
Abaphandi bafumanise ijini eyonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana olu hlobo lwesifo se-Alzheimer. Ikwi-chromosome yethu 19. Le jini ibizwa ngokuba yi-APOE gene . Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zale jini ye-APOE. Phakathi kwazo, umntu onolu hlobo lwejini olubizwa ngokuba yi -APOE4 unobungozi obuphezulu kancinci bokufumana isifo se-Alzheimer kunezinye. Oku kuqinisekiswe zizifundo ezininzi ezenziwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Kodwa nantsi into ekufuneka uyiqonde. Asinguye wonke umntu one-gene ye-APOE4 oza kuba ne-Alzheimer's. Kwakhona, abantu abangenayo le gene nabo banokuba nesi sifo. Oko kuthetha ukuba oku kuyingozi nje kuphela, kwaye akukho siqinisekiso se-100% sokuba uza kuba nesi sifo.
Masithethe nge-Alzheimer's yasekuqaleni
Olu lolunye uhlobo lwesifo se-Alzheimer. Asinto ingaqhelekanga. Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu zibonakala ebuntwaneni, njengakwiminyaka yama-30, yama-40, okanye yama-50 . Ngenxa yokuba sidla ngokuchaphazela amalungu aliqela entsapho, sikwabizwa ngokuba sisifo se-Alzheimer's sosapho kwangethuba.
Abaphandi abaye bahlola i-DNA yeentsapho ezinjalo bafumanise ukuba banotshintsho oluthile kwizakhi zofuzo kwi-chromosomes 1, 14, kunye ne-21. Olu tshintsho kwizakhi zofuzo lubangela ukuba bakhulele kwesi sifo besebancinci.
I-Down syndrome kunye ne-Alzheimer's
Apha kufuneka sithethe ngokukodwa nge-chromosome 21. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Down syndrome. Banekopi eyongezelelweyo ye-chromosome 21 kunomntu oqhelekileyo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, njengoko abantu abane-Down syndrome bekhula, uninzi lwabo luba nesifo se-Alzheimer. Iiseli zabo zobuchopho nazo zibonisa umonakalo ofanayo nobonakala kwizigulana ze-Alzheimer. Izazinzulu zisaphanda ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwezi meko zimbini.
Le theyibhile ingezantsi ingakuchazela ngakumbi ezi ntlobo zimbini ze-Alzheimer's.
| Uhlobo lwe-Alzheimer's | Ubudala obuchaphazelekayo | Ikhonkco leMfuzo |
|---|---|---|
| I-Alzheimer's eqala emva kwexesha (Isifo se-Alzheimer esiqala emva kwexesha) | Emva kweminyaka engama-65 (uninzi lwazo) | I-APOE4 gene iyandisa umngcipheko, kodwa ayisiyo kuphela imbangela. |
| Isifo se-Alzheimer esemncinci (Isifo se-Alzheimer's sasekuqaleni) | Ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala (kunqabile) | Kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lwelifa olubangelwa kukwahluka kwezakhi zofuzo kwiikhromosomu 1, 14, kunye ne-21. |
Ngaba uvavanyo lwemfuza lwenziwa kwisifo sika-Alzheimer?
Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abanawo. Ewe, isampuli yegazi inokukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-APOE gene olukhoyo. Kodwa iziphumo zolo vavanyo azikuxeleli ukuba uza kuba ne-Alzheimer's okanye akunjalo. Yiyo loo nto ezi mvavanyo zisetyenziselwa kakhulu uphando.
Oogqirha abasoloko becebisa uvavanyo lwemfuza lwesifo se-Alzheimer esiqala emva kwexesha.Kuba, iziphumo zinokubangela ixhala nokudandatheka okungeyomfuneko. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba ufumanise ukuba une-gene ye-APOE4, ubuya kuhlala uloyiko olungapheliyo, nangona usenokungabi naso esi sifo. Ayisiyonto ilungileyo leyo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amalungu amaninzi osapho lwakho aye anesi sifo eselula kwaye ufumana iimpawu ezifanayo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa olu hlobo lovavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuqala kwe-Alzheimer's kwangethuba. Nangona kunjalo, khumbula ukuba kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha unokuxilonga i-Alzheimer's ngaphandle kovavanyo lwemfuza.
Ziziphi iingenelo esizifumanayo kuphando ngezi jini?
Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kusenokubakho iijini ezininzi ezibandakanyeka kwisifo sika-Alzheimer. Ukufumana ezi jini kuya kusinika iingenelo ezininzi ezintle kwixesha elizayo.
- Ukuqonda ngcono esi sifo: Olu phando lusinceda siqonde ukuba kutheni abanye abantu benesifo kwaye kutheni sichaphazela abantu abahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuchonga abo basengozini enkulu: Ukuba abantu abasengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo bachongwa kwangethuba, banokunikwa iingcebiso kunye nonyango olufunekayo ukuthintela esi sifo.
- Kunokuphuhliswa unyango olutsha: Ukwazi kakuhle ukuba zeziphi iijini ezibangela esi sifo kwenza kube lula kubaphandi ukufumana amayeza amatsha, asebenzayo ajoliswe kuzo.
Ngoko ke, ii-genes ziyinxalenye enye yephazili enzima ye-Alzheimer's. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela yona, njengendlela esiphila ngayo, into esiyityayo, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona isifo sika-Alzheimer sinefuthe kwimfuza, asiso sodwa isizathu. Indlela ophila ngayo kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo nazo zidlala indima.
- Ukuba une-gene eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wesifo (umz. i-APOE4) akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nesifo.
- Nangona kukho unxibelelwano olukhulu lwemfuza nesifo se-Alzheimer esiqala ulutsha, sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu.
- Uvavanyo lwemfuza alukhuthazwa ngokubanzi xa kufunyaniswa isifo se-Alzheimer, esisenzeka xa umntu ekhula.
- Ukuba unemibuzo, uloyiko, okanye unemibuzo malunga noku, umntu ofanelekileyo ukuthetha naye ngayo ngugqirha wakho wosapho.
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