Ngaba wakha wacinga nzulu ngento eyenzekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu emva kokutya? Emva kokuba ukutya esikutyayo kusuke emlonyeni wethu kuye esiswini, kwenzeka inkqubo enzima kakhulu yokukugaya, ukuvelisa amandla, nokubonelela ngesondlo esifunekayo emzimbeni wethu. Kule nkqubo, ilungu ngalinye lisebenza kunye njengeqela. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngendawo encinci kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya esebenza njengendawo enkulu yokuhlangana koololiwe. Leyo yi "Ampulla of Vater".
Yintoni kanye kanye iAmpulla yaseVater?
Ngamafutshane, i-ampulla yeVater ngumngxuma omncinci ovulekela kwinxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancinci (i-duodenum). Kodwa ayisiyo nayiphi na imbobo nje. Yindawo ephambili apho ulwelo olubini olubalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ludibana khona kwaye luxubene nokutya.
Cinga ngale ndlela. Umjelo wenyongo oqhelekileyo, othwala inyongo esibindini sethu, kunye nomjelo wenyongo, othwala iienzymes ezivela kwi-pancreas zethu ezisinceda ekugayeni ukutya, ziyadibana ukuze zenze ingxowa encinci. Elo ngxowa libizwa ngokuba yi-ampulla yeVater. Emva koko ii-enzymes zenyongo kunye ne-pancreatic ziyaxubana kwaye zidlulele emathunjini amancinci.
Eli gama livela kwinyani engaqhelekanga. Libizwa ngegama lebhotile engqukuva ebizwa ngokuba yi-"ampulla" eyayisetyenziswa ngamaxesha amaRoma . Likwabizwa ngokuba yi-"of Vater" ukuhlonipha isazinzulu se-anatomist u-Abraham Vater, owaqala ukuyichaza.
Ukuchaneka, le "yindibano" exakekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Ukuba le ndibano ayisebenzi kakuhle, yonke inkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya inokuphazamiseka.
Iphi le nxalenye incinci yomzimba?
I-ampulla yeVater ikwidonga le -duodenum, inxalenye yokuqala yamathumbu ethu amancinci . I-duodenum yinxalenye yamathumbu amancinci adlula emva kwesisu, malunga ne-intshi ezili-10 ubude. I-ampulla yeVater ikwimbindi wale duodenum.
Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango. Kuba kulapho ukutya okuqhekeziweyo kwaza kwaqhekezwa esiswini kugaywa khona ngakumbi kwaye izondlo ezikuyo ziqala ukufunxwa ngumzimba. Njengokwabelana ngomsebenzi, ngelixa isisu senza umsebenzi waso wokuqhekeza ukutya, i-duodenum kunye nenye inxalenye yamathumbu amancinci ziqala ukufunxa. Loo nkqubo ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kolwelo oluvela kule ampulla yesisu.
Zithini iindawo kunye nemisebenzi ye-Ampulla ye-Waiter?
Ngaphakathi kwesi sixokelelwano sincinci, kukho inkqubo entsonkothileyo nemangalisayo. Yenziwe ikakhulu luthungelwano lwezihlunu ezisijikelezileyo. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-sphincters . Njengevalvu yamanzi, ezi zihlunu ziyavuleka kwaye zisondele ukulawula ukuba ingakanani i-bile kunye nee-enzymes ezingena emathunjini amancinci, kwaye nini.
Asinakulawula ezi zihlunu ngendlela esifuna ngayo. Zisebenza ngokuzenzekelayo ngokwemiqondiso esiyifumanayo kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Xa sisitya ukutya okunamafutha, sidinga inyongo engakumbi ukuze siyigaye. Emva koko, kuvela imiqondiso evela engqondweni yethu, kwaye ezi zihlunu ziyavuleka zize zikhuphe ubungakanani benyongo obufunekayo. Ayimangalisi loo nto?
Le theyibhile ingezantsi iza kusinceda siqonde iindawo zayo eziphambili kunye nemisebenzi yazo ngokulula.
| Inxalenye | Umsebenzi nje |
|---|---|
| I-Sphincter yase-Oddi | Eli ligama eliqhelekileyo lenkqubo yonke yokulawula. Kukho ezinye izihlunu ezincinci ngaphakathi kule. |
| I-pancreatic duct stenosis | Ilawula ukuhamba kwee-enzymes ezivela kwi-pancreas. |
| Ukuvaleka kombhobho wenyongo | Ilawula ukuhamba kwenyongo esibindini. |
| Ukupakishwa kwe-ampoule | Ukukhululwa okudibeneyo kwezinto zombini ezimanzi emathunjini amancinci kuyalawulwa. |
| IPapilla yeVater | Lo ngumngxuma omncinci apho i-ampulla ivulekela khona emathunjini amancinci. |
Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela le nxalenye?
Ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kule ndawo incinci kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu, inokuchaphazela umzimba wethu wonke. Kuba ukuba i-bile kunye nee-enzyme azikwazi ukuphuma zize zibambeke ngaphakathi, zinokubuyela umva kwaye zonakalise isibindi kunye ne-pancreas.
Ezi zilandelayo zezona meko ziphambili zonyango ezinokubakho ezinxulumene ne-ampulla yeVater.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Adenoma | Lo asingomhlaza, kodwa kukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli (ithumba) okunokuba ngumhlaza. Njengoko ikhula, inokuwuvala umthambo wegazi kwaye ibangele iingxaki. |
| Umhlaza we-Ampullary | I-adenoma ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili inokuba yi-carcinoma. Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye kudla ngokufuna ukususwa ngotyando. |
| Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweSphincter ye-Oddi | Oku kuthetha ukuba umsipha, ofana nesango, awuvuli kakuhle xa kufuneka uvuleke. Emva koko ulwelo luvaleleka ngaphakathi luze lubangele iingxaki. |
| Ukuthintela | Le ndawo idibanayo ingavalwa ngezinye izizathu. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ziingceba zenyongo ezinamathela kule ndawo imxinwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, le ndawo ingavalwa ngenxa yamanxeba amadala kunye nezibazi. |
Ndingazi njani ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-ampulla yam ye-waiter? Zithini iimpawu?
Ukuba i-ampulla yeVater ivalwe sisimila, ilitye, okanye enye ingxaki, i-bile kunye nee-enzyme azikwazi ukuphuma. Olu lwelo luyaqokelelana ngaphakathi kwimibhobho ye-bile kunye ne-pancreas, lunyuse uxinzelelo kwaye luphazamise yonke inkqubo. Oku kunokubangela ezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Intlungu yesisu: Intlungu, ingakumbi kwinxalenye ephezulu ngasekunene yesisu.
- I-biliary colic: Intlungu enzima efika ngequbuliso ize iphele emva kwexesha elithile.
- I-Jaundice: Ukutyhelika kwamhlophe emehlweni naselusu. Oku kwenzeka xa inyongo ingenakuphuma, kwaye umbala otyheli we-bilirubin uqokelelana egazini.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza: Le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yokungagayi kakuhle kokutya.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba uziva ngathi unale mpawu, ingakumbi ukutyheli kwamehlo nolusu, musa ukuzityeshela. Isenokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu. Ngoko ke bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Oogqirha bakuvavanya baze banyange njani oku?
Ngethamsanqa, ngenxa yeteknoloji yezonyango yanamhlanje ephucukileyo, akufuneki ukuba kwenziwe utyando olukhulu ukuze kuhlolwe kwaye kunyangwe le ampulla yeVater. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-endoscopy kule njongo.
Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci enekhamera encinci ekupheleni ngomlomo, idlule esiswini, ize ifikelele kwi-ampulla yeVater kwinyongo. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) .
Uphawu olukhethekileyo lwale ndlela lulandelayo:
1. Uvavanyo: Ugqirha angajonga kakuhle le ndawo ngekhamera aze afumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ingxaki.
2. Unyango: Ngelo xesha, izixhobo ezincinci zinokudluliselwa kwityhubhu ukuze kususwe nawaphi na amatye enyongo anamathele kwinyongo, kwandiswe ukuvaleka, okanye kuthathwe iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili (i-biopsy) ukuze lihlolwe. Kwanezinye iithumba ezincinci zinokususwa ngale ndlela.
Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ithuba lokwenza uxilongo kunye nonyango kwinkqubo enye. Oku kulula kakhulu kwizigulane.
I-ampulla yeVater isenokuba lisuntswana elincinci emzimbeni wethu, kodwa yenza umsebenzi omkhulu. Lisango elikhulu eliya kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Likwayindlela efanayo naleyo oogqirha abayisebenzisayo ukujonga ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yethu yenyongo kunye nepancreas. Usenokungaze ulive eli gama, kodwa ukuba ugqirha ulikhankanya ngenye imini, ungoyiki. Iingxaki ezininzi zalo ngoku zinokunyangwa ngeendlela eziphambili.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Ampulla yeVater yindawo ephambili apho i-bile kunye nee-enzymes ze-pancreatic, ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya, zingena khona emathunjini amancinci.
- Ukuvaleka kwezi ndawo kunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nokuqaqamba kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, ingakumbi i-jaundice (ukutyheli kolusu).
- Ukuba ubona amehlo okanye ulusu lwakho lujika lube tyheli, kubalulekile ukuba ungalutyesheli kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.
- Amatye enyongo yimbangela eqhelekileyo yokuvaleka kwale ndawo.
- Iindlela zanamhlanje ze-endoscopic, ezifana ne-ERCP, zenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxilonga nokunyanga iimeko ezininzi ezenzeka kweli candelo ngaphandle kotyando olukhulu.
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