Masithethe ngeentlobo ze-anemia ezingaqhelekanga.

Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi yinkonzo yokuhambisa ioksijini ethwala ioksijini kuyo yonke iseli kunye nezicubu emzimbeni wakho. Khawucinge ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le nkonzo yokuhambisa ioksijini ayisebenzi kakuhle? Umzimba wakho awufumani ioksijini oyifunayo. Kulapho siqala ukuziva sidiniwe, sidiniwe, kwaye siphelelwa ngumphefumlo. Ngamafutshane, le yimeko esiyibiza ngokuba yi-anemia, okanye njengoko abantu abaninzi beyazi, 'i-anemia.'

Xa sicinga nge-anemia, uninzi lwethu lucinga nge-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi. Lelo lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba kukwakho neentlobo ezingaqhelekanga ze-anemia ezikhula ngabantu abambalwa kuphela? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezinye zezo ntlobo ze-anemia esingazivanga kangako ngazo.

I-Aplastic Anemia

Iiseli zegazi zomzimba wethu, ezizezi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets, ziveliswa ziiseli ze-stem kwi-bone morrow. Cinga ngomongo wethambo njengomzi-mveliso owenza iiseli zegazi. Ukuba abasebenzi kulo mzi-mveliso, ababizwa ngokuba zii-stem cells, bonzakele, abanakuvelisa iiseli zegazi ezintsha. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-aplastic anemia.

Le meko inokubakho xa umntwana ezalwa (ngokufumana ilifa le-gene kumzali), okanye ingavela kamva. Uhlobo lokuqalisa kamva ludla ngokubonakala. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba yinto yexeshana.

Izinto ezinokubangela oku kamva:

• Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo emzimbeni ezifana ne-lupus kunye ne-rheumatoid arthritis.
• Ukuchatshazelwa ziikhemikhali ezifana nezibulala-zinambuzane, i-arsenic, kunye ne-benzene.
• Izifo ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-Epstein-Barr virus, kunye ne-HIV.
• Unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza.

Ukongeza, inokubangelwa zizifo ezidluliselwa ngemfuza ezifana ne-Fanconi anemia. Iimpawu ezinje ngokuphefumla kancinci, isiyezi, intloko ebuhlungu, ulusu olukhanyayo, iintlungu zesifuba, kunye ne-tachycardia zinokubonakala. Unyango luquka utofelo-gazi kunye nokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem .

I-Sideroblastic Anemia

Oku kukwayingxaki yegazi. Okwenzekayo kukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-iron oyifunayo ukwenza i-hemoglobin, iproteni ethwala ioksijini egazini. I-iron engasetyenziswayo emva koko iyaqokelelana emzimbeni, yenze uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-sideroblasts.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto:

1. Uhlobo olufunyenweyo: Lunokubangelwa ziikhemikhali okanye amayeza athile.

2. Uhlobo lwelifa:Ibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okuchaphazela ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin.

Iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, intloko ebuhlungu, ukuphefumla okunzima, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu kunokubonwa kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo. Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Ukuba lubangelwa liyeza elithile okanye ikhemikhali, kufuneka luphetshwe. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka unyango lwe-vitamin B6 kunye nokufakelwa komongo wethambo.

IiSyndromes zeMyelodysplastic (MDS)

Oku kuthathwa njengohlobo lomhlaza. Okwenzekayo kukuba umongo wakho wonakalisiwe kwaye awukwazi ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezisempilweni ngokwaneleyo.

Abanye abantu bazalwa bene-gene ebangela le meko. Kwakhona, inani elincinci labantu linokuba ne-MDS emva kwe-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy yomhlaza. Ukuchasana neekhemikhali ezifana ne-benzene, efumaneka kwicuba, nako kuyingozi.

Nangona abanye abantu besenokungabonakalisi zimpawu, abanye banokufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

Iingcali zomhlaza kunye neengcali zegazi ziyanyanga le meko. Iindlela zonyango ziquka i-chemotherapy kunye nokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem.

I-Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela iphosa iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo njengeentshaba kwaye iqala ukuzitshabalalisa. Zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunokuba iiseli ezintsha ezibomvu zegazi zinokwenziwa.

Ukuba unesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esifana ne-lupus, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ube nale meko. Inokubangelwa nangamayeza athile, anjenge-penicillin. Iimpawu ziquka ukudinwa, ukuphaphatheka, ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukubanda, iintlungu zomqolo, kunye nokutyheli kolusu (i-jaundice). Kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, njengokunika ii-steroids kunye nokususa i-spleen ngotyando.

Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ze-anemia

Ukongeza kwiintlobo ezixutyushwe apha ngasentla, kukho nezinye iintlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ze-anemia.

I-Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia (CDA)

Olu luhlobo lwe-anemia olufunyanwa njengelifa. Lubangelwa kukuncipha kwenani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni emzimbeni. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili, kwaye abanye abantu basenokungadingi naluphi na unyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima besifo, unyango olufana notofelo-gazi kunye nokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem lunokufuneka.

I-Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukutshintsha kwezakhi zofuzo. Kwimeko enjalo, umongo awukwazi ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Iimpawu ziquka ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukudinwa, ulusu olungwevu, ulusu olufutshane, kunye namathambo abuthathaka.

I-Megaloblastic anemia

Kule anemia, umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga, ezingavuthwanga. Ezi azikwazi ukuthwala ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo. Isizathu esiphambili kukunqongophala kwevithamini B12 okanye ivithamini B9 (folate) . Iimpawu ezinje ngesiyezi, ukudinwa, urhudo, isicaphucaphu, kunye nentlungu yemisipha zinokubakho. Izongezo zevithamini B12 kunye neB9 zinikwa njengonyango.

I-Fanconi Anemia

Esi sisifo esizuzwa njengelifa. Kwimeko enjalo, umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli zegazi ezimbalwa kakhulu. Iimpawu ziquka iinzwane ezinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga, ukukrweleka/ukopha ngokulula, usulelo oluqhelekileyo, iingxaki zentliziyo nezintso, kunye nomzimba omncinci kunye nentloko. Abantu abanesi sifo basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza, ingakumbi uhlobo lomhlaza wegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) .