Kutheni amayeza ngamanye amaxesha engasebenzi? (Ukuchasana neentsholongwane) Masifunde ngayo ngokulula!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe ucinge, "Hayi bo, ngeli xesha amayeza awayi kukuphelisa ukugula?" Okanye ngaba wakha wadibana netyala apho waqhubeka usela amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho, kodwa ukugula kwakho akwaphela? Mhlawumbi isizathu sale nto siyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kunokuba ucinga. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Leyo yimeko eyaziwa ngokuba yi- Antimicrobial Resistance .

Yintoni i-Antimicrobial Resistance?

Ngamafutshane, ukumelana neentsholongwane kukungabi namandla kweyeza ukusebenza nxamnye neentsholongwane . Ezi ntsholongwane zizinto ezincinci kakhulu, ezingabonakaliyo. Sidla ngokuzibiza ngokuba "ziintsholongwane." Ezi ziquka iibhaktheriya, iifungi, iintsholongwane, kunye neeparasite . Ezi ntsholongwane zibangela izifo ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, xa oku kuxhathisa iintsholongwane kukhula, kuba nzima kakhulu koogqirha ukunyanga ezinye izifo.

Cinga ngale ndlela. Xa intsholongwane isoloko ichaphazeleka kwiyeza elifanayo, iba "yingxaki" kulo. Njengathi, bafumana iindlela zokuzikhusela. Batshintsha imizimba yabo, beyenza ikwazi ukubaleka amayeza awayesetyenziswa ngaphambili ukuwabulala okanye ukuwathintela ukuba angaphindaphindani. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "yingxaki." Kukho iintsholongwane ezingakwaziyo ukumelana neyeza elinye kuphela, kodwa namayeza amaninzi. Sizibiza ngokuba "zii-superbugs."

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba olu hlobo lokumelana neentsholongwane luyenzeka kwiintsholongwane, kungekhona emzimbeni wakho. Asingomzimba wakho omelana namayeza, ziintsholongwane ezibangela isifo ezimelana namayeza.

Zithini ezi antimicrobials?

Ii-antibiotics ngamayeza alwa nezifo ezibangela usulelo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zazo:

• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi zinikwa kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane.
• Amayeza okulwa nefungus: Amayeza anikwa izifo zefungus.
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Amayeza anikwa izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane (umz., amayeza anikwa imalariya).
• Ii-Antivirals: Amayeza anikwayo osulelo lwentsholongwane (umz., kwizifo ezifana ne-influenza).

Ezi antibiotics zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukuzithintela ukuba zingasasazeki. Ngamanye amaxesha zingena ngaphakathi kwiiseli zentsholongwane zize zihlasele iindawo ezinceda intsholongwane ukuba ikugulise, okanye zihlasele iindawo ezinceda intsholongwane ukuba yenze ezinye iikopi zayo.

Khawucinge ngalo mzekelo. Usekhitshini upheka. Ndifuna ukukuyekisa. Emva koko ndingangena ekhitshini lakho nditshabalalise isithako osisebenzisayo ukupheka ukutya, okanye ndikuyeke ukusebenzisa isitovu.

Ngoko ke, xa sele bekwazi ukumelana neentsholongwane, banokwenza izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ndingayithintela (oko kukuthi, iyeza) ukuba ingangeni ekhitshini (oko kukuthi, iseli yentsholongwane).
• Ungandigxotha ekhitshini.
• Ndingatshabalalisa izixhobo (izithako ezisebenzayo kwiyeza) endizisebenzisayo ukumisa igadi yazo.
• Ndingazitshintsha izinto endijolise kuzo (iindawo zentsholongwane) ukuze izixhobo zam (izithako) zingasebenzi. Umzekelo, batshintsha izithako abazisebenzisayo kancinci, okanye batshintsha isitovu ukuze ndingakwazi ukusivala.
• Batshintsha indlela abalungiselela ngayo ukutya, mhlawumbi besebenzisa izithako ezahlukeneyo okanye bepheka isitya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isitovu.

Isebenza njani le ntsholongwane yokumelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane?

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba kutheni iyeza lingasebenzi ngenxa yokuxhathisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane:

• Iyeza liyayithintela intsholongwane ukuba ingangeni kwiseli, njengokuvaleka kocango.
• Iyeza elingene kwintsholongwane liyatyhalelwa ngaphandle.
• Nokuba iyeza liyatshintsha okanye liyatshabalalisa.
• Zitshintsha inxalenye yentsholongwane ngokwayo, ngoko ke iyeza alinakukwazi ukuyijolisa.
• Bafumana indlela yokuphila okanye yokuzala ngendlela entsha engenanto yakwenza nezonyango.

Ziziphi iintlobo zokumelana ne-antibiotic?

Ukuxhathisa amayeza kunokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kunye nokuxhathisa kwangaphandle/okufunyenweyo . Xa sithetha "ngokuxhathisa amayeza," sibhekisa koku kuxhathisa okufunyanwayo.

• Ukumelana kwangaphakathi: Oku kuthetha ukuba ezinye iintsholongwane zinamandla angaphakathi okumelana namayeza athile. Luphawu lwendalo lwaloo ntsholongwane. Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane zinodonga oluqinileyo lweeseli apho amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angenakungena khona.
• Ukumelana okufunyenweyo (Ukumelana ne-Extrinsic): Oku kulapho intsholongwane itshintsha khona kamva ize ikwazi ukumelana neyeza elalisebenza ngaphambili. Xa intsholongwane isuleleka, olu tshintsho ludluliselwa kwinzala yayo. Kwakhona, ezinye iintsholongwane zinokudlulisela olu tshintsho kwezinye iintsholongwane ezikufutshane nazo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- (horizontal gene transfer) .

Eminye imizekelo yokuxhathisa ii-antibiotic

Nazi ezinye zemizekelo yokunganyamezelani kwee-antibiotics:

• Iibhaktheriya ezimelana nee-antibiotics: Imizekelo ibandakanya iibhaktheriya ezifana ne (MRSA - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), (CREs - Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales), kunye ne (Pseudomonas aeruginosa).
• Iifungi ezimelana nemithi yokubola: Imizekelo iquka (iCandida auris) kunye (iAspergillus fumigatus).
• Iintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-HIV, i-influenza, kunye nezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane ye-Hepatitis C.
• Iintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo kumayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezibangela imalariya, i-leishmaniasis, kunye ne-trypanosomiasis.

Kodwa khumbula oku. Ukuba unesifo esikule luhlu akuthethi ukuba sisifo esinganyangekiyo ngamayeza. Kukho iintlobo zezi ntsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ngamayeza, kwaye kukho iintlobo eziqhelekileyo ezinganyangekiyo.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela ukunganyangeki kwee-antibiotic?

Iintsholongwane ziyamelana neziyobisi kungengenxa yesizathu esinye, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, ziyatshintsha ngokwendalo, zivumela ukuba zihlale kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ziphuhlisa iindlela zokuzikhusela kwiziyobisi. Xa iintsholongwane zisasazeka, olu tshintsho lubanceda ukuba bamelane neziyobisi ludluliselwa kwisizukulwana sabo esilandelayo.

Amaxesha amaninzi, olu hlobo lokuxhathisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane lukhula kakhulu kwizibhedlele nakwiindawo zonyango. Ngenxa yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zamayeza asetyenziswa kwezo ndawo, iintsholongwane ngakumbi ziyaxhathisa kula mayeza. Le yinto enzima kakhulu ukuyithintela.

Kwakhona, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwezolimo (umz. ukutshiza iifungicides kwizityalo, ukunika izilwanyana amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane) sesona sizathu siphambili sokuphuhliswa kolu xhathiso.

Singayithintela njani le ntsholongwane yokumelana ne-antibiotic?

Kukho izikhokelo ezithile ekufuneka zilandelwe ngababoneleli bezempilo, kuquka oogqirha kunye nabongikazi, ukuze kuthintelwe oku kunganyangeki kwee-antibiotics. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle rhoqo.
• Ukubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu.
• Ukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ( amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awaluncedo kwiintsholongwane ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane, umzekelo, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo).
• Ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo kwizixhobo zonyango.
• Ukuhlola izigulana kunye neendwendwe esibhedlele ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokusasazeka kwentsholongwane enganyangekiyo.
• Ukuhlukanisa/ukuhlukanisa abantu abanezifo ezinganyangekiyo ukuze bangasasazeki kwabanye.

Nangona oogqirha nabasebenzi basesibhedlele besenza ezi zinto, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukunceda koku.

Izinto onokuzenza:

• Sela onke amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho, kanye njengoko eyalelwe, nangexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Ingakumbi xa uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane , qiniseka ukuba ugqiba lonke unyango oluchazwe ngugqirha.Nokuba uzive ungcono emva kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, ungayeki ukuthatha iyeza. Ukuba wenza njalo, iintsholongwane ezingafanga ngokupheleleyo zinokuphinda zibe namandla kwaye zikwazi ukumelana neyeza.
• Musa ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphandle kokuba uwadinga ngokwenene. Uninzi lwezifo zokuphefumla, ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane, zibangelwa ziintsholongwane. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awanyangeki. Ngoko ke musa ukunyanzela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .
• Musa ukusebenzisa amayeza abanye abantu. Iyeza elinikwe umhlobo lisenokungasebenzi kuwe.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Le yenye yezona zinto zilula ezinokunceda ekuthinteleni izifo ezininzi.

Uvavanya njani ukuba awufumani mayeza okubulala iintsholongwane?

Ukuba unentsholongwane engaphenduliyo kumayeza, ugqirha wakho unokucinga ukuba unentsholongwane enganyangekiyo. Banokuvavanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza nxamnye nentsholongwane ebangela usulelo. (Oku kwenziwa ngokuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba.) Oku kunokubanceda bafumane iyeza elilungele usulelo lwakho. Kodwa ezi mvavanyo ngamanye amaxesha zingathatha ixesha.

Uyinyanga njani intsholongwane ebangelwa yintsholongwane enganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane?

Iintsholongwane ezinganyangekiyo ziintsholongwane ziyingozi kakhulu kuba kunzima kakhulu ukuzinyanga. Oogqirha bazama ukufumana iyeza elisebenza ngokuchasene neentsholongwane ezithile ezibangele usulelo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka uthathe indibaniselwano yamayeza . Umzekelo, ukuthatha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane kunye.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo olunganyangekiyo kumayeza okubulala iintsholongwane?

Usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo olunganyangekiyo ukuba:

• Ukuba une -catheter, ityhubhu yokuphefumla, okanye ityhubhu yokutyisa efakwe emzimbeni wakho, iintsholongwane zinokungena lula emzimbeni wakho ngezi zinto.
• Ukuba ubusoloko uthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane , okanye ukuba uwasebenzisa rhoqo, ukuhlala ixesha elide usebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwandisa amathuba okuba iintsholongwane zibe nokumelana nezifo. Oku kunokubulala iintsholongwane "ezilungileyo" (ezingeyongozi) emzimbeni wakho, okuvumela ezinye iintsholongwane ukuba zikhule zingalawuleki kwaye zibangele usulelo.
• Ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka ngenxa yemeko ethile yempilo engabonakaliyo. Umzekelo, ukuba une-HIV, umhlaza wegazi, okanye isifo seswekile, okanye ukuba ukhe wafakelwa amalungu omzimba okanye wafakelwa i-stem cell. Phantsi kwezi meko, umzimba wakho uba nexesha elinzima lokulwa nezifo.
• Ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ixesha elide okanye kwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide.Iintsholongwane zinokukhula lula ukuxhathisa kwiindawo zonyango.

Okokugqibela, ndimele ndithi...

Oogqirha noososayensi basebenza nzima ukufumana izisombululo kwingxaki yokunganyangeki kwamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Kodwa sonke singenza indima yethu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalela, kwaye kuphela xa uwadinga ngokwenene, ingakumbi amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Ukuba unyamekela umntu onenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, okanye umntu osesibhedlele okanye kwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide, lumka ngakumbi. Khumbula, nezinto ezincinci ezifana nokuhlamba izandla zakho zinokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Masisebenzisane sonke ukulwa nale ngxaki.

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