Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala esoyika? Masithethe ngexhala lobuntwana!

Mama, Tata, umntwana wakho omncinci usenokuba uyoyika izinto ezincinci ngamanye amaxesha, akunjalo? Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa kukho abanye abantwana, kwaye uloyiko lwabo kunye nokuxhalaba kwabo kuyakhula kangangokuba kuchaphazela imisebenzi yabo yemihla ngemihla. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-childhood anxiety, okanye "Anxiety". Ukuba siyiqonda kakuhle le nto, kuya kuba lula ukunceda abantwana bethu.

Ingaba uloyiko kunye nexhala zizinto ezifanayo? Yintoni umahluko phakathi koloyiko oluqhelekileyo kunye nexhala elikwinqanaba lesifo?

Okokuqala, masiqonde ukuba yintoni uloyiko kunye nexhala. Uloyiko yindlela esisabela ngayo kwingozi yokwenyani. Khawuthelekelele ukuba inja itsiba kuwe ngequbuliso ngelixa uhamba esitalatweni, kwaye kulapho uziva usoyika khona. Uloyiko olo. Ixhala kukuziva ungakhululekanga kunye noxinzelelo malunga nengozi enokubakho okanye into engaqinisekanga. Ukoyika izinto ezintsha kuyinto eqhelekileyo ebuntwaneni. Kubonisa ukuba abantwana bafunda ukusombulula iingxaki ngokwabo. Njengabazali, sinokunceda abantwana baqonde olu loyiko kunye nexhala kwaye boyise.

Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantwana banengxaki yokuxhalaba edlula umda oqhelekileyo. Oogqirha bathi malunga nomnye kubantwana abahlanu unokuba nesifo sokuxhalaba . Xa umntwana enesifo sokuxhalaba, usenokuziphepha izinto, akhathazeke kakhulu ngezinto ezincinci, akhale, okanye abe nomsindo. Ngamanye amaxesha bahlala bexhalabile ukuba kuza kwenzeka into ethile. Basenokuba namava eempawu zomzimba ezifana neentlungu zesisu, iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukuhlanza, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nokungalali.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo ebantwaneni?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zexhala ezichaphazela abantwana. Makhe sijonge ezona ziphambili:

1. Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Ngokwahlukana

Le yinto eqhelene noomama abaninzi. Ngokwesiqhelo malunga neenyanga ezisi-8-12, iintsana ziyoyika ukushiya umama okanye umntu ozinyamekelayo. Ziyoyika abantu ezingabaziyo. Le yinto eqhelekileyo yokukhula komntwana. Oku kudla ngokuphela xa eqala isikolo sabantwana abancinci.

Nangona kunjalo, `(Separation Anxiety Disorder)` yimeko embi kakhulu. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa uloyiko olugqithisileyo kunye nexhala lokushiya umama okanye utata wakhe, ukuya esikolweni, ukuba kude nekhaya, okanye ukungafuni ukulala yedwa, le isenokuba yimeko. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala ekhathazekile okanye exhalabile ngezi zinto kunabanye abantwana, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha.

Khawucinge nje, intombi kaNilu, uSenuri. Ngoku uneminyaka emithandathu ubudala. Usalila kakhulu xa eshiya unina esangweni lesikolo aze aye eklasini. Uphilile logama nje ehlala ezolile de abone unina. Xa unina emkile, ukhala imini yonke kwaye akatyi. Oku kungaba luphawu lwe-`(Separation Anxiety Disorder)`.

2. Iingxaki ezithile zokoyika

Uloyiko lusikhusela engozini. Ngoko ke kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana boyike izinto ezithile. Mhlawumbi umntwana wakho uyoyika umbane, ama-clown, okanye enye into ethile. Nangona kunjalo, '(Specific Phobias)' luloyiko lwento egqithisileyo kakhulu kunengozi yokwenyani. Umzekelo, umntwana unokubaleka aye kuzimela xa ebona inja, okanye achithe iintsuku ecinga ngayo kwaye esoyika.

3. Ingxaki Yokuxhalaba Kwentlalo

Oku kwenzeka xa kukho uloyiko olukhulu lokugwetywa okanye ukungamkelwa phambi kwabanye, eluntwini. Umntwana wakho usenokungafuni ukwenza iintetho okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiikonsathi. Okanye usenokungakhululeki ukuthetha nabanye esikolweni, kwezinye iindawo abaziqhelileyo, okanye nabantu abatsha. Abanye abantwana banokude baphephe kwaphela iimeko zentlalo.

4. Ingxaki yokuxhalaba ngokubanzi

Kwimeko enjalo, umntwana uba nexhala kakhulu aze oyike izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ebomini bemihla ngemihla. Ukwaxhalabela ikamva ngaphezu kwabanye abantwana abalingana naye. Usenokuba nexhala ezininzi ngento enye ngexesha, okanye ezo xhala zinokutshintsha ngamanye amaxesha. Kodwa uhlala exhalabele into ethile.

5. Uhlaselo Loloyiko (Ingxaki Yoloyiko)

Abantwana abanale meko bafumana uloyiko olukhawulezileyo nolunamandla kunye nexhala, kunye neempawu zomzimba . Cinga ngayo njengentliziyo ebetha ngamandla ('I-Heart Palpitations'), isiyezi, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla ('I-Dyspnea'). Ezi "Panic Attacks" zinokuvela ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Zihlala imizuzu embalwa ukuya kwiiyure ezimbalwa zize ziphele.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le ngxaki ebantwaneni?

Ixhala lobuntwana liqheleke kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Lichaphazela phakathi kwe-15% kunye ne-20% yabantwana kunye nabantu abancinci. Kwakhona, malunga nomnye kwabathathu abaselula abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-13 neli-18 ubudala banexhala. Liqheleke kancinci phakathi kwamantombazana.

Ndingazi njani ukuba umntwana wam unexhala? Zithini iimpawu?

Njengomzali, kunokuba nzima ukwazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni engqondweni yomntwana wakho, akunjalo? Abanye abantwana baya kubonisa ixhala labo ngamazwi. Banokuthi into efana nale, "Ndiyoyika ukuya esikolweni kuba andicingi ukuba ndiya kuze ndiphinde ndikubone." Kodwa abanye abantwana abazi ukuba bangazichaza njani iimvakalelo zabo. Kodwa xa abantwana bexhalabile, bakubonisa ngokuziphatha kwabo. Khangela iimpawu ezifana nezi kumntwana wakho:

• Uxhalabile kwaye uyakhala ngaphezu kwabanye abantwana abalingana naye.
• Badla ngokuthi, “Andiziva kakuhle.” Basenokuthetha izinto ezinje, “Isisu sam sibuhlungu,” “Umzimba wam ubuhlungu,” okanye “Intloko yam ibuhlungu.”
• Ndinengxaki yokulala, ndivuka ndiphupha kakubi, kwaye ndiyoyika ukulala ndedwa.
• Kunzima ukuhlala uzolile, ukuhlala kwindawo enye (imeko yokungazoli).
• Uba nomsindo ngokukhawuleza.
• Kunzima ukugxila.
• Bathi 'Andilambanga', okanye basoloko besithi 'Ndilambile'.
• Ungcangcazelo.
• Bathi abanakuya esikolweni.
• Ukuya rhoqo kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

Kutheni abantwana bexhalaba ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?

Abanye abantwana bazalwa benobuntununtunu obuncinci. Kunzima kubo ukujongana notshintsho kunye neemvakalelo ezinamandla. Aba bantwana banokuba notyekelo lwemfuza lokukhulisa ixhala okanye imbali yosapho lwabo yokuxhalaba . Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba abazali banengxaki yokuxhalaba, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba nomntwana abe nayo.

Ukongeza, ixhala linokubangelwa ziziganeko zobomi ezibangela uxinezeleko . Abanye abantwana kufuneka bajongane namava amaninzi oxinzelelo besebancinci. Umzekelo:

• Ukufa komntu osondeleyo.
• Ukufudukela kwikhaya elitsha okanye kwisikolo esitsha, ingakumbi ukuba oku kwenzeka rhoqo.
• Ukungafumani ukutya nokusela okwaneleyo.
• Ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
• Ukungakwazi ukuya esikolweni ngokusisigxina.
• Abazali bayalwa, bayahlukana, baze baqhawule umtshato.
• Ukuxhaphazwa, ukuxhatshazwa, kunye nokungakhathalelwa ngabanye.

Yintoni eyona nto ibangela ixhala ebantwaneni?

Kunzima ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yintoni unobangela oyintloko wokuxhalaba kwabantwana. Uloyiko luyinto eqhelekileyo yokukhula. Abanye abantwana balulawula kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yabantwana abanexhala elichaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, kucingelwa ukuba i-genetics, izinto zebhayoloji, kunye nembali yosapho zidlala indima.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba le meko yokuxhalaba ayinyangwa?

Ukuba ixhala lomntwana alinyangwa kakuhle, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana uxinzelelo kunye neengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi kwixesha elizayo. Banokuba nobunzima ngomsebenzi wesikolo kunye nokuya esikolweni. Bakwasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuzibulala . Ezi zizinto ezoyikisayo ukuva, kodwa khumbula ukuba kukho unyango. Cela umntwana wakho ahlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha womntwana wakho. Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho uyazenzakalisa, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Oogqirha bafumanisa njani ukuba umntwana unexhala?

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuba umntwana wakho unexhala, ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kuthetha nawe kunye nomntwana wakho. Baza kukubuza malunga nokuziphatha komntwana wakho kunye nendlela owazi ngayo ukuba unexhala. Baza kubuza umntwana wakho malunga neempawu azibonayo kunye nokuba uzifumana nini. Ungacelwa ukuba ugcwalise imibuzo ('uphando') . Ugqirha unokuzama ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga neempawu zakhe kootitshala bomntwana wakhe.

Emva koko, bakhangela ezinye izizathu zeempawu zomntwana.Ukuba akukho sizathu simbi, kwaye ixhala lomntwana limbangela uxinezeleko kwaye lichaphazela ubomi bakhe bemihla ngemihla kangangeenyanga ezintandathu, unokufunyanwa enesifo sokuxhalaba.

Indlela yokunyanga ixhala ebantwaneni?

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokunyanga ixhala ebantwaneni: Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (i-CBT) kunye Nonyango Lwamayeza. Zombini ezi ndlela zonyango zingasebenza zodwa, kodwa zibonakala zisebenza ngakumbi xa zisetyenziswa kunye.

Unyango Lokuziphatha Okucingayo (`Unyango Lokuziphatha Okucingayo` - `CBT`)

`(CBT)` yindlela yokufundisa abantwana izakhono zokujongana neengxaki ukuze babancede bajongane nexhala kwaye balilawule . Ngamafutshane, ibandakanya ukuziqhelanisa namanyathelo amancinci ukuze bazole iimpendulo zomzimba, bacinge ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kwaye bajongane noloyiko. Abantwana banokufunda ezi `(izakhono zokujongana neengxaki)` nokuba ngabanye (`Unyango lomntu ngamnye`) okanye ngamaqela (`Unyango lwamaqela`). Abazali banokufunda ngezi ndlela. Emva koko kulula ukunceda abantwana baqhelisele ezi zakhono ekhaya.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba uSenuri, ebesithethe ngaye ngaphambili, uqalise unyango lwe-CBT. Ingcali yezonyango ifundisa uSenuri indlela yokuphefumla nzulu xa esoyika nendlela yokudlala imidlalo yokumzolisa. Kancinci kancinci, uziqhelanisa nokwandisa ixesha alichitha eklasini ngaphandle kukanina. Umama ukwafundiswa ezi ndlela zokukhuthaza uSenuri ekhaya.

Amayeza (amayeza)

Ugqirha womntwana wakho unokukunika amayeza avela kwiklasi ye-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI), afana nala:

• I-Fluoxetine (umz. iProzac®)
• I-Paroxetine (umzekelo, i-Paxil®, i-Pexeva®)
• I-Sertraline (umz. iZoloft®)

Ukuba ezi zinto azisebenzi okanye azisebenzi kumntwana wakho, ugqirha wakho unokukunika iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yiSerotonin kunye neNorepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI):

• I-Duloxetine (umzekelo, i-Cymbalta®, i-Drizalma®, i-Irenka®)

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza okunceda abantwana baxhalabe

Ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana naziphi na kwezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga , kufuneka wazise ugqirha ngoko nangoko:

• Ukusabela kwe-allergy ( umz., amaqhuqhuva, ubunzima bokuphefumla)
• Igazi esitulweni.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza okanye ngokungangqalanga.
• Ukuquleka, isiyezi, iintlungu esifubeni, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Umkhuhlane ophezulu.
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni okanye entlokweni yamehlo.
• Iingcinga zokuzibulala okanye imeko yengqondo eba mandundu.

Ukongeza, amayeza okunyanga ixhala lobuntwana adla ngokungadingi mvume kagqirha,Kunokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci eziya kuphela kwiiveki ezimbalwa. Ezi zinokubuya xa idosi yeyeza itshintshiwe. Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kukuchazela konke oku aze aphendule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo. Ezi ziphumo bezingalindelekanga zincinci ziquka:

• Utshintsho ekutyeni.
• Ubunzima bokulala okanye ukozela.
• Umlomo owomileyo.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Iinyikima.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, okanye urhudo.

Umntwana wam uza kuziva ngcono nini emva kokuqala unyango?

Iintsapho ezininzi ziqala ngonyango lwe-CBT. Unyango olongezelelweyo longezwa ukuba luyimfuneko. Unyango lwe-CBT, nokuba lwenziwa lodwa (ngabazali ababandakanyekayo) okanye kwiqela, lunokunceda abantwana bafunde ngokukhawuleza iindlela zokunciphisa nokujongana noxinzelelo. Ngenxa yokuba abantwana bafunda ezi zinto ngokukhawuleza, banokuqala ukuziva bebhetele kwaye bafumane ukuzithemba emva kweeseshoni ezimbalwa nje. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba i-CBT inceda ukunciphisa iimpawu kancinci, kufuneka uncedo olungakumbi ukulawula ngokupheleleyo uxhalabo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, amayeza abalulekile.

Amayeza afana ne-SSRIs kunye ne-SNRIs athatha ixesha ukuqala ukusebenza. Kwakhona, ayizizo zonke amayeza ezisebenza ngokufanayo kuye wonke umntu. Ugqirha womntwana wakho uza kuzama iyeza elinye ixesha elifutshane (ngesiqhelo iiveki ezimbalwa ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbalwa) ukuze abone ukuba liyanceda na. Ukuba alincedi, angazama elinye iyeza.

Ukuba umntwana wam unexhala, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sokuxhalaba, usenokuziphatha ngokungalawulekiyo aze abe nomsindo. Anganamathela kuwe aze akuxelele ukuba akanakuphuma endlwini. Nangona unyango lokuxhalaba kwabantwana luthatha ixesha ukusebenza, iimpawu zihlala ziphucuka. Ngonyango, abantwana abaninzi abanexhala banokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi abayithandayo, benze abahlobo, bagqibezele umsebenzi wesikolo, kwaye bonwabele ubomi.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamaxesha athile ebomini bomntwana, ixhala lakhe lisenokuphinda liphakame. Ngelo xesha, kusenokufuneka ukuba kutshintshwe umthamo wamayeza akhe okanye kubekho iiseshoni zonyango ezingakumbi de iimpawu zexhala zilawuleke kakuhle.

Njengomzali, ndingamnceda njani umntwana wam xa exhalabile?

Njengomzali, usenokungakwazi ukulawula iziganeko ezibangela uxinezeleko ebomini bomntwana wakho rhoqo. Kodwa unokunceda ukuphucula impilo yengqondo yakhe ngokuqinisekisa oku kulandelayo:

• Khuthaza ukwenza umthambo imihla ngemihla .
• Dala indawo ekhuselekileyo nexhasayo ekhaya nasesikolweni.
• Lala ngokwaneleyo .
• Nika ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo .

Kwakhona, iindlela zokucamngca kunye nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla okunzulu ukunceda umntwana azole.Ungamfundisa. Khuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba athathe amanyathelo amancinci ukuze oyise uloyiko oluqhelekileyo kunye nokuxhalaba. Umzekelo, ukumcela ukuba aye kwindawo yokunxibelelana nabantu xa ukude kancinci, okanye ukucima izibane uzame ukuzola imizuzu embalwa. Oku kwakha ukuzithemba ebantwaneni kwaye kukhulisa izakhono zokumelana neengxaki.

Ufanele umxelele nini ugqirha ngexhala lomntwana wakho?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuxhalaba, akapheli, okanye akenzi izinto owaziyo ukuba angazenza (umz., ukuya kwindlu yangasese eyedwa, ukuphuma endlwini) , ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuzibulala, fumana uncedo ngokukhawuleza! Oko kukuthi, ukuba uthi izinto ezifana nokuthi 'Ndivakalelwa kukuba ndiyafa', 'Akukho sizathu sokuphila', okanye ukuba ubonakala ngathi uzama ukuzenzakalisa, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. ESri Lanka, ungatsalela umnxeba kwi-1926 National Mental Health Helpline.

Ukunyamekela umntwana onexhala kunokuba nzima. Kuthatha umzali/umnakekeli onesigulana, oqinileyo ukujonga iimfuno zomntwana kunye nomsindo wakhe aze aqonde ukuba unobangela wokuziphatha kwakhe kukuxhalaba. Ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha ixesha ukufumana unyango olufanelekileyo kumntwana wakho, kodwa kulungile, ungayeki.

Zinike ixesha lokucinga ngawe nawe. Usenokuba uziva uxinezelekile kwaye uxhalabile ungaqondanga. Njengokuba ubona ixhala lomntwana wakho, nomntwana wakho uyalibona ixhala lakho, kwaye liyamchaphazela naye.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba oko sithethe ngako namhlanje kukuncede wakhumbula ezinye zezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo.

• Ixhala lobuntwana liyinto yokwenyani. Asikuko ityala lomntwana, kwaye asikuko nelakho ityala.
• Kukho umahluko phakathi koloyiko oluqhelekileyo kunye nesifo sokuxhalaba. Ukuba sichaphazela ubomi bomntwana wakho bemihla ngemihla, yiba nexhala ngaso.
• Qaphela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zexhala.
• Ngonyango olufanelekileyo (i-CBT, amayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko), le meko ingalawuleka kakuhle. Musa ukoyika.
• Njengomzali , uthando lwakho, inkxaso yakho, kunye nomonde wakho zibaluleke kakhulu kumntwana wakho.
• Musa ukulibazisa ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba kuyimfuneko, ingakumbi ukuba ukhathazekile ukuba umntwana wakho angenzakalisa.
• Nyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo.

Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki efana nale, awuwedwa. Kukho iindawo zokufumana uncedo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza ngokukhawuleza.

Ixhala Lomntwana , Ixhala, Uloyiko Lwabantwana, Impilo Yengqondo, Ixhala Lokwahlukana, Ixhala Loluntu, I-CBT