Ngaba umntwana wakho akasafani nangaphambili? Ngaba uhlala elusizi okanye enomsindo? Kuqhelekile ukuba abantwana abancinci bazive belusizi kwaye bekhathazekile ngamanye amaxesha. Yinxalenye yokukhula. Kodwa ukuba olu sizi luyaqhubeka, ukuba luchaphazela imisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla, umsebenzi wesikolo, kunye nolwalamano nabahlobo, lusenokuba ngaphezu kosizi oluqhelekileyo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba luxinzelelo. Nangona esi sisifo esibi kakhulu, eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba sinokunyangwa ngempumelelo.
Ngaba umntwana angafumana uxinzelelo ngenene?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Abantwana banokufumana uxinzelelo njengabantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, uxinzelelo kubantwana lunokubonakala ngokwahlukileyo kancinci kunoxinzelelo kubantu abadala. Ukuba umntwana ukhathazekile akuthethi ukuba unesifo soxinzelelo. Kodwa njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kukuhlala kwesi sizungu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwaso kubomi obuqhelekileyo bomntwana ekufuneka sikhathazeke ngako.
Izifundo zonyango zakuqala zazicinga ukuba ukudakumba kwabantwana kubonakaliswa kuphela kukuziphatha kwabo okunomsindo okanye okunobundlobongela. Yiyo loo nto, ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abaninzi, njengabantu abadala abadakumbileyo, nabo banokuba lusizi kwaye baphelelwe lithemba.
Ndingazi njani ukuba umntwana wam unesifo sokudakumba?
Iimpawu zoxinzelelo kubantwana ziyahluka kumntu nomntu. Ngamanye amaxesha, abazali bacinga ukuba olu lutshintsho oluqhelekileyo lweemvakalelo olunxulumene nobudala bomntwana, yiyo loo nto esi sifo sidla ngokungafunyaniswa. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo kubantwana.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntwana oza kuba nazo zonke ezi mpawu, kwaye iimpawu umntwana azibonisayo zinokwahluka ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
| Uhlobo oluneempawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Utshintsho lweemvakalelo | Umsindo okanye ukucaphuka rhoqo. Usizi oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba. Ukuziva ukhululekile xa abanye bengamthandi. Ukuziva ungento yanto okanye unetyala. |
| Utshintsho kwezentlalo | Ukuzikhupha eluntwini, ukukhetha ukuba wedwa. Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla kwizinto azenzayo kunye nezinto azithandayo ekhaya, esikolweni, nabahlobo. |
| Utshintsho lomzimba | Utshintsho ekutyeni (nokuba kukutya kakhulu okanye ukungatyi ngokwaneleyo). Utshintsho ekulaleni (ukungakwazi ukulala okanye ukulala kakhulu). Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye ungenawo amandla ngalo lonke ixesha. Iintlungu zomzimba ezingapheliyo xa unyango lusetyenziswa (ezifana neentlungu zesisu, iintloko ezibuhlungu). |
| Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha nokucinga | Ukukhwaza kakhulu okanye ukukhala rhoqo. Ubunzima bokugxila. Ukungacingi kakuhle okanye ukwenza izigqibo. Iingcinga malunga nokufa okanye ukuzibulala. |
Abantwana abaninzi abanesifo soxinzelelo olukhulu baya kubonisa utshintsho olukhulu kwindlela abasebenza ngayo ekuhlaleni , ukuphelelwa ngumdla esikolweni, ukusebenza kakubi kwizifundo, okanye utshintsho kwindlela ababonakala ngayo. Abantwana, ingakumbi abo baneminyaka engaphezu kwe-12 ubudala, banokuguqukela ekusebenziseni iziyobisi okanye utywala.
Ngabaphi abantwana abanokuba noxinzelelo?
Ngokwezifundo, ukudakumba kuchaphazela malunga ne-3% yabantwana kunye ne-8% yabantwana abakwishumi elivisayo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamakhwenkwe angaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umkhwa wokuba ukudakumba kube yinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kwamantombazana xa eneminyaka eli-16 ubudala .
Ukongeza, iimeko ezifana ne-bipolar disorder zixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci kunabantwana abadala. Kodwa xa umntwana efumana i-bipolar disorder, inokuba nzima ngakumbi. Ngamanye amaxesha, le meko inokubakho okanye ifihlwe zezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ezifana ne-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), i-conduct disorder (CD), okanye i-OCD.
Yintoni ebangela ukudakumba ebantwaneni?
Njengabantu abadala, akukho sizathu sinye soxinzelelo ebantwaneni. Lunokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo.
- Imbali yosapho kunye nokuba sesichengeni kwemfuza: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onesifo sokudakumba, umntwana naye usengozini enkulu.
- Iziganeko zoBomi: Izinto ezinje ngokufa kwelungu losapho, ukuqhawula umtshato kwabazali, ukutshintsha isikolo, kunye nokuxhatshazwa zinokuba nefuthe.
- Indalo: Abantwana abakhulela kwiindawo zeentsapho ezizaliswe ziingxabano nezingenazinjongo basengozini enkulu.
- Impilo yomzimba: Ezinye izifo nazo zinokubangela ukudakumba.
- Ukuphazamiseka kwebhayoloji: Ukungalingani kwi-neurotransmitters engqondweni.
Ukudakumba akuyonto nje ephelayo, kodwa kufuna unyango olufanelekileyo.
Ifunyanwa njani i-depression?
Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zeempawu ezingentla kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini , bonana nogqirha wakho ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Oku kuya kunceda ekususeni naziphi na izizathu zomzimba ezisisiseko kwaye kunike umntwana unyango olufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso kwingcali yezempilo yengqondo egxile ebantwaneni.
Xa esenza uxilongo, ugqirha uza kuthetha nawe (umzali) kunye nomntwana wakho ngokwahlukeneyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, baza kwenza novavanyo lwengqondo. Ulwazi oluvela kootitshala nabahlobo bomntwana luya kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ezi mpawu zihlala zifana ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye nokuba zilutshintsho olucacileyo kwindlela umntwana awayeziphatha ngayo ngaphambili.
Nangona kungekho vavanyo luthile olunokubonisa ngoko nangoko ukuba kukho ukudakumba, izixhobo ezifana nemibuzo enikwa umntwana kunye nabazali zinokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni isifo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?
Iindlela zonyango lokudakumba ebantwaneni ziyafana nezo zabantu abadala. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili: unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha) kunye namayeza.
Amaxesha amaninzi, oogqirha baya kuqala bacebise unyango lwengqondo baze emva koko bacinge ngamayeza ukuba oko akusebenzanga. Izifundo zakutshanje zibonisa ukuba indibaniselwano ye-psychotherapy kunye namayeza yeyona isebenzayo.
Iyeza iFluoxetine, ekwaziwa ngokuba yiProzac, livunyiwe yi-FDA ukunyanga ukudakumba kubantwana abaneminyaka esi-8 ukuya kweli-18 ubudala.
Kubalulekile: Lumka ngamayeza
Amayeza amaninzi okudakumba anesilumkiso esimnyama malunga nomngcipheko omncinci wokwanda kweengcinga zokuzibulala. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba la mayeza aqalwe kwaye asetyenziswe phantsi kweliso elisondeleyo likagqirha oqeqeshiweyo. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neengozi kunye neenzuzo zomntwana wakho. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlala unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wakho kunye nomcebisi ngelixa usebenzisa amayeza.
Umngcipheko wokuzibulala: Iimpawu zesilumkiso abazali ekufuneka bazi
Nangona le yingongoma ebaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukuba thina njengabazali sihlale siyiqonda le nto. Lumka ngakumbi ngezi mpawu ukuze ubone ukuba umntwana wakho usemngciphekweni wokuzibulala.
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso | |
|---|---|
| - Ukubonisa uluhlu lweempawu zokudakumba (utshintsho ekutyeni, ekulaleni, kwimisebenzi) | - Ukuzahlula kuluntu kwanakwintsapho |
| - Ukuthetha ngokuzibulala, ukuphelelwa lithemba | - Ukwanda kokuziphatha okungafanelekanga ngokwesondo okanye ekuziphatheni |
| - Isilingo sokwenza izinto eziyingozi | - Iingozi ezixhaphakileyo |
| - Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi okanye utywala | - Ukugxila rhoqo ekufeni nakwizinto ezimbi |
| - Ukunika abanye izinto zakho | - Ukukhala kakhulu okanye ukuncipha kokubonakaliswa kweemvakalelo |
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho uxinezelekile, mamela izinto ezimxhalabisayo. Nokuba ucinga ukuba ingxaki ayiyonto inkulu, khumbula ukuba inokuba yinto enkulu kumntwana wakho. Nokuba umntwana wakho uzama ukuzikhwebula, gcina imizila yonxibelelwano ivulekile. Endaweni yokunika umntwana wakho imiyalelo yokuba "enze oku," mamela ngononophelo. Oku kuya kukunceda uqonde unobangela wengxaki. Ukuba awukwazi ukunceda umntwana wakho wedwa, funa uncedo lweengcali ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukudakumba ebantwaneni yimeko yokwenyani, embi kakhulu, kodwa enokunyangeka .
- Lumka xa umntwana wakho etshintsha indlela aziphatha ngayo, aziva ngayo, alala ngayo, okanye atya ngayo.
- Endaweni yokumgxeka umntwana, mphulaphule uze uzame ukuqonda iimvakalelo zakhe.
- Musa ukulibazisa ukufuna unyango ngenxa yezimvo zoluntu. Impilo yomntwana wakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo, ungalibazisi kwaye udibane nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike icebiso.
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