Masifunde ngengqondo eyimfihlo elawula i-calcium emzimbeni wakho: i-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH).

Sonke sineekhemikhali ezincinci ezisebenza ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, ezingabonakaliyo, ukuze zisigcine siphilile. Esinye sezi khemikhali yi-parathyroid hormone. Ngamafutshane, le hormone ilawula ubungakanani bekhalsiyam egazini lethu. Kutheni ibaluleke kangaka? Kuba ikhalsiyam ibalulekile kwimithambo-luvo yethu, kwimisipha, nakwintliziyo ukuze isebenze kakuhle.

Le hormone ye-parathyroid (iParathyroid Hormone - PTH) yenziwa zii-glands zethu ze-parathyroid. Ezi zifumaneka entanyeni yethu, emva kwe-thyroid gland. Zii-glands ezine ezincinci kakhulu. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukulawula ubungakanani be-calcium egazini lethu . Khumbula, ayisiyo i-calcium emathanjeni, kodwa yi-calcium egazini. Ukongeza, le PTH ikwanceda ukulawula i-phosphorus yeminerali kunye ne-hormone ye-vitamin D egazini nasemathanjeni.

Isebenza njani i-parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge indlela esebenza ngayo le parathyroid hormone (PTH). Xa amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho ehla, amadlala e-parathyroid akhupha i-PTH. Ifana ne-sensor. Le PTH iyahamba ize ichaphazele iindawo ezininzi zomzimba wethu ukuze ibuyisele amanqanaba e-calcium.

• Amathambo: Okokuqala, amathambo ethu anikwa umqondiso omncinci, othi, ‘Khupha i-calcium egazini.’ Emva koko kongezwa i-calcium encinci emathanjeni egazini. Oku akuwenzi buthathaka amathambo, kuba le yinkqubo elawulwayo.
• Izintso: Okwesibini, ichaphazela izintso zethu. Enye kukuba izintso zinceda ekwenzeni i-vitamin D esebenzayo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-calcitriol. Le calcitriol inceda umzimba ukuba ufunxe i-calcium ekutyeni esikutyayo. Enye into kukuba ixelela izintso ukuba 'zigcine i-calcium emzimbeni, ungayikhuphi nomchamo'. Emva koko i-calcium ayizukuchitheka.
• Amathumbu Amancinci: Okwesithathu, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ivithamin D (Calcitriol) ithumela umqondiso kumathumbu ethu amancinci ukuba afunxe icalcium engakumbi ekutyeni esikutyayo.

Yindlela esebenza ngayo i-PTH ukugcina inqanaba le-calcium egazini likwinqanaba elifanelekileyo ngokuchaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Ayisiyondlela imangalisayo le?

Imizimba yethu iwalawula njani amanqanaba e-PTH?

Umzimba wethu ulawula njani eli nqanaba le-PTH? Kwenzeka ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-feedback loop . Ngamafutshane, xa i-calcium egazini incipha, amadlala e-parathyroid ayakhuthazwa aze akhuphe i-PTH. Xa i-calcium egazini isanda, ixelela amadlala ukuba 'ayeke ukwenza i-PTH ngoku, kwanele'. Yiyo loo ndlela elawulwa ngayo. Kufana ne-motor endlwini evula xa amanzi etankini yamanzi esezantsi aze acime xa itanki igcwele.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukuba kukho ingxaki ngeendlala zethu ze-parathyroid, olu tshintsho lwempendulo lusenokungasebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuveliswe i-PTH eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu. Kulapho ke iingxaki ziqala khona.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokuvela xa amanqanaba e-PTH ephazamisekile?

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimeko zempilo ezinokwenzeka ukuba amanqanaba e-parathyroid hormone (PTH) ayaphazamiseka.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amanqanaba e-PTH ayanda? (Hyperparathyroidism)

Ukuba amanqanaba e-PTH aphezulu kakhulu, siwabiza ngokuba yi-hyperparathyroidism . Emva koko kwenzeka izinto ezimbini eziphambili:

• Inqanaba le-calcium egazini liyanda . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypercalcemia.
• Inqanaba le-phosphorus egazini liyehla . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypophosphatemia.

Khawucinge nje, i-PTH iqhubeka nokukhupha i-calcium emathanjeni iye egazini, ithintela izintso ekukhupheni i-calcium, kwaye ifunxa okungakumbi ekutyeni... ize igazi lizaliswe yi-calcium, akunjalo? Oku kufana nombhobho ovalwayo namanzi agcwala.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ezibangela le meko, ezifana nezi:

• I-Parathyroid Adenoma: Lo asingomhlaza, kodwa lo mhlaza ubangela ukuba i-gland ivelise i-PTH eninzi kakhulu. Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo.
• I-Parathyroid Hyperplasia: Zonke ii-glands ezine ziyakhula zize zivelise iihomoni ezininzi.
• Isifo Sezintso: Le meko inokwenzeka ngakumbi kubantu abanesifo sezintso esihlala ixesha elide. Kuba xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle, ukuveliswa kwevithamini D kuyancipha kwaye ukukhutshwa kwephosphorus kuyancipha. Oku kukhuthaza amadlala e-parathyroid ukuba avelise i-PTH engaphezulu.
• Umhlaza weParathyroid: Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kunokwenzeka.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba amanqanaba e-PTH ehla? (Hypoparathyroidism)

Ukuba amanqanaba e-PTH aphantsi, ibizwa ngokuba yi -hypoparathyroidism . Emva koko kwenzeka okwahlukileyo:

• Amanqanaba e-calcium egazini aphantsi . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypocalcemia.
• Inqanaba le-phosphorus egazini liyanda . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hyperphosphatemia.

I-Hypoparathyroidism yimeko engaqhelekanga. Uninzi lweemeko (malunga nama-75%) zibangelwa kukonakala okanye ukususwa ngengozi kwamadlala e-parathyroid ngexesha lotyando lwentamo, ingakumbi utyando lwe-thyroid. Ingabangelwa naziimeko ezithile zemfuza kunye neemeko zokuzikhusela komzimba - izifo apho inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela iiseli zayo.

Uyazi njani ukuba inqanaba lakho le-PTH aliqhelekanga? Zithini iimpawu?

Njengoko besikhe sathetha ngaphambili, i-PTH ilawula ngokuyintloko ubungakanani bekhalsiyam egazini. Ngoko ke iimpawu ezenzeka xa amanqanaba e-PTH ephantsi okanye ephezulu ngokwenene ziimpawu zamanqanaba ekhalsiyam aphantsi okanye aphezulu egazini. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

Iimpawu ze-calcium ephantsi egazini (i-Hypocalcemia):

Usenokuziva izinto ezinje:

• Inkungu yobuchopho okanye ukudideka. Kungavakala ngathi intloko yakho igqunywe yinkungu.
• Ulusu luyoma, iinzipho ziyaphuka lula, kwaye iinwele ziyawa.
• Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha, ingakumbi emilenzeni nasezingalweni.
• Ukurhawuzelela emilebeni yakho, kwiminwe okanye ezinyaweni.
• Izinto ezinje ngexhala kunye nokudakumba nazo zinokwenzeka.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima, ukuxhuzula kunokwenzeka.

Khawuthelekelele, uNiluka ngequbuliso weva ukuba iminwe yakhe ayinanto, irhawuzelela emlonyeni wakhe, kwaye inyama yemilenze yakhe yaqala ukuba bomvu. Wayengakhululekanga kakhulu. Kuphela xa waya kugqirha apho wafumanisa ukuba inqanaba le-calcium egazini lakhe lihlile, kwaye unobangela yayiyi-hypoparathyroidism.

Iimpawu ze-calcium ephezulu egazini (i-Hypercalcemia):

Iimpawu ezinjalo zingabonisa ukuba kukho i-calcium eninzi egazini:

• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu, ngokungathi andinamandla (Ukudinwa). Nokuba ndilele kangakanani na, ukudinwa akubonakali ngathi kuyaphela.
• Intloko ebuhlungu.
• Intlungu yamalungu kunye nentlungu yamathambo.
• Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo kwaye unxaniwe.
• Izinto ezinje ngokuphazamiseka kwesisu, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo.
• Kunzima ukugxila, ukulibala kuyaphela, kunye nokudideka kwengqondo.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, amatye ezintso kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga kunokwenzeka.

Umzekelo, uMalume uSaman wayeziva ediniwe kakhulu kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, kwaye amalungu akhe ayebuhlungu. Wayesoloko enxaniwe kwaye wayefuna ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Xa ugqirha wamjonga, waxelelwa ukuba i-calcium yakhe egazini yayiphezulu kancinci. Wayene-hyperparathyroidism.

Ukuba unezi mpawu, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uziva ngathi amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho aphantsi okanye aphezulu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha . Ungalibali loo nto. Ezi azizo mpawu zilungileyo zokungazinanzi.

Ungayijonga njani inqanaba le-PTH?

Ugqirha wakho angajonga amanqanaba e-hormone yakho ye-parathyroid ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula . Oogqirha kunye neelabhoratri babiza olu vavanyo ngokuthi “PTH, intact.” Bakwajonga amanqanaba e-calcium, i-phosphorus, kunye ne-vitamin D egazini lakho ukuze bafumane umfanekiso opheleleyo.

Zithini ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lamanqanaba e-PTH?

Kuvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo lwe-PTH, inqanaba elisempilweni liphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-65 picograms nge-milliliter (pg/mL) . I-picogram yi-trillionth enye yegram. Oko kuthetha ukuba isixa esincinci kakhulu senza lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu.

Kodwa into enye ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba la maxabiso aqhelekileyo anokwahluka kancinci kwilabhoratri nganye. Ke ngoko, kufuneka uhlale ujonga uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwale labhoratri kwingxelo yakho yovavanyo lwegazi.

Ukuba une-PTH, ugqirha wakho nguye oza kuchaza iziphumo ngokuchanekileyo. Uza kuthelekisa nenqanaba le-calcium yakho aze akuxelele ukuba ngaba kufuneka olunye uvavanyo.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule kuzo zonke ezi zinto?

I-Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) yi -hormone ebaluleke kakhulu elawula ngokuchanekileyo inqanaba le-calcium egazini lethu. Eli nqanaba le-calcium libalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, izihlunu kunye nentliziyo.

Ukuba uneempawu ze-hypercalcemia (i-calcium ephezulu egazini) okanye i-hypocalcemia (i-calcium ephantsi egazini), ezifana neengxaki zemisipha, utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo, ukudinwa kakhulu, kunye nentlungu yamathambo, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ezi meko ziyaqhubeka, zinokubangela umonakalo kwizintso, entliziyweni nasemathanjeni.

Ugqirha wakho angenza uvavanyo olulula ukuze abone ukuba amanqanaba e-parathyroid hormone yakho yimbangela na. Ukuba kunjalo, banokuqala unyango ngoko nangoko. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ngxaki zinokunyangwa ngamayeza, ngamanye amaxesha ngotyando oluncinci. Ngoko ke, ukunyamekela umzimba wakho, ukuqonda iimpawu eziwunikayo, kunye nokusebenza kuzo yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni.

I - hormone ye-Parathyroid, i-PTH, i-calcium, i-hyperparathyroidism, i-hypoparathyroidism, i-hypercalcemia, i-hypocalcemia