Masifunde indlela yokupheka irayisi: Indlela yokupheka irayisi ngaphandle kwe-arsenic eyingozi

UMadhuri, umama oneminyaka engama-32 ubudala onabantwana ababini, oze ekliniki yam ngaloo ntsasa, wandibuza ngomdla omkhulu noloyiko.

"Gqirha Priya, ndisoloko ndiphekela usapho lwethu irayisi kwisitya sokupheka irayisi. Kodwa kutshanje ndibone kwiphephandaba ukuba irayisi inokuba ne -arsenic, ikhemikhali eyingozi emzimbeni. Ngaba oku kuyinyani, gqirha? Ngaba oku kuya kubalimaza abantwana bam abancinci? Ngaba akukho ndlela yokuba sikuphephe oku?" wabuza uMadhuri.

Ndamzolisa uMadhuri ndaza ndathi, "Madhuri, umbuzo owubuzileyo ubaluleke kakhulu. Kule mihla, ama-95% eentsapho apheka irayisi kwisitya sokupheka irayisi ngokulinganisa amanzi. Le ndlela yokupheka ngaphandle kokucoca amanzi inyusa amathuba okuba i-arsenic erayisini ingene emizimbeni yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngendlela i-arsenic engena ngayo erayisini, indlela eyonakalisa ngayo imizimba yethu, kunye nendlela yokususa i-arsenic erayisini sisebenzisa iindlela zesayensi ezazisetyenziswa ngookhokho bethu."

Ivela phi i-arsenic kwirayisi?

I-Arsenic sisithako sekhemikhali esenzeka ngokwendalo ngamanani amancinci kakhulu emhlabeni, emanzini nasemoyeni. Nangona kunjalo, i-arsenic ikwafumaneka ngamanani amaninzi kwizibulali-zinambuzane kunye ne-herbicides (i-weecides) kunye nezichumisi zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo zanamhlanje.

Ekubeni izityalo zerayisi zifunxa amanzi amaninzi kunezinye izityalo ngexesha lokukhula, i-arsenic enyibilika emhlabeni namanzi ifunxwa lula kwaye ibekwe kwiinkozo zerayisi. Uphando lubonise ukuba irayisi yeyona nto iphambili ekutyeni apho i-arsenic ingena emzimbeni womntu. I-Arsenic ikakhulu ineentlobo ezimbini:
1. I-Arsenic ye-Organic: Ayinabungozi kangako.
2. I-Arsenic engaphiliyo: Le yeyona ndlela inobungozi kakhulu ye-arsenic.

🚨 Iiflegi ezibomvu zetyhefu ephezulu ye-arsenic ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo

Ezi mpawu zilandelayo ziyingozi zinokwenzeka ngenxa yokuqokelelana kakhulu kwe-arsenic emzimbeni (i-Arsenic Poisoning), kwaye kwimeko enjalo, kufuneka kufunwe unyango ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuqaqamba kwesisu okuqatha kunye nokuhlanza okungapheliyo.
• Urhudo olumanzi olunevumba elingaqhelekanga, elifana nevumba legalikhi.
• Ukungaziva/ukurhawuzelela ezandleni nasezinyaweni.
• Amabala amnyama eluswini angacacanga kunye nezihlunu eziqinileyo nezibuhlungu.

Umonakalo wexesha elide emzimbeni ovela kwi-arsenic

Ukuqokelelwa kwexesha elide kwe-arsenic engaphiliyo kwirayisi kunokubangela izifo ezinzulu:

1. Impembelelo kubantwana abancinci:

Abantwana abancinci banomdla kakhulu kwi-arsenic kuba imetabolism yabo ikhawuleza xa ithelekiswa nobukhulu bomzimba wabo.

• Ukuncipha kwe-IQ (i-intelligence quotient): Ukukhula kweeseli zengqondo kunokuphazamiseka, okubangela ukukhubazeka kokufunda kunye nophuhliso lwengqondo ebantwaneni.
• Ubuthathaka bomzimba: Ukwanda kotyekelo lokugula rhoqo.

2. Impembelelo kubantu abadala:

• Umngcipheko womhlaza: Ukuchanabeka kwi-arsenic ixesha elide kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu , umhlaza wemiphunga, kunye nomhlaza wesinyi .
• Isifo sentliziyo nesifo seswekile: Sonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi, sonyusa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo, kwaye siphazamisa ukusebenza kwe-insulin, nto leyo ekhokelela kwisifo seswekile.

Uphando lwesayensi malunga neendlela zokupheka irayisi

Izazinzulu zenze uvavanyo oluninzi malunga nobungakanani be-arsenic esusiweyo ngexesha lokupheka irayisi:

• Uphando olwenziwe nguAndrea Raab kunye neqela: Babonise ukuba ukuba sisebenzisa umlinganiselo wamanzi omncinci esiwusebenzisa rhoqo ukupheka irayisi kwisitya sokupheka irayisi (njengeekomityi zamanzi ezi-2.5 kwikomityi enye yerayisi), i-arsenic ekwirayisi ayisuswa konke konke, kwaye yongezwa emzimbeni kunye nerayisi.
• Uphando olwenziwe ngu-M. Azizur Rahman kunye neqela: Bafumanise ukuba ngokongeza amanzi amaninzi ngelixa bepheka irayisi baze bahluze amanzi aseleyo emva kokuba irayisi iphekiwe (iNdlela yokukhupha amanzi), ngaphezulu kwe-50% ye-arsenic engabonakaliyo equlethwe kwirayisi isuswa kunye namanzi.

Ubulumko besayensi bookhokho bethu

Ootatomkhulu noomakhulu bethu babepheka irayisi esitovini ngokongeza amanzi amaninzi embizeni enkulu. Emva kokuba irayisi iphekiwe, babesebenzisa isihluzo ukuze bahluze amanzi aseleyo ebran (amanzi erayisi).

Nangona babengazi isizathu sesayensi soku ngelo xesha, uphando lwanamhlanje lwekhemistri luqinisekisile ukuba eyona ndlela ilungileyo nesempilweni yokususa i-arsenic kwirayisi "yindlela yokuhluza iporridge" eyayisetyenziswa ngookhokho bethu.

Amanyathelo ama-5 omawuwalandele ukuze upheke irayisi ngokukhuselekileyo

Unganciphisa ngokulula inani le-arsenic kwirayisi ekhaya ngokulandela la manyathelo:

1. Hlamba irayisi kakuhle: Ngaphambi kokuba uyipheke, hlambulula irayisi kakuhle. Ukuhlamba kususa malunga ne-10% ye-arsenic engaphandle kwerayisi.
2. Ukucwilisa irayisi: Nciphisa irayisi emanzini ubuncinane iiyure ezi-4-8 okanye ubusuku bonke ngaphambi kokuba uyipheke. Emva koko yikhuphe amanzi uze uyihlambe kwakhona.
3. Yongeza amanzi angaphezulu: Yongeza amanzi aphindwe kathandathu kunesiqhelo (iikomityi ezi-6 zamanzi kwikomityi e-1 yerayisi) uze upheke.
4. Khupha amanzi angaphezulu: Emva kokuba irayisi iphekiwe, khupha amanzi angaphezulu aseleyo kwisitya serayisi okanye embizeni uze uyisuse ngokupheleleyo.
5. Sebenzisa amanzi acocekileyo: Ukuba uhlala kwiindawo apho i-arsenic ininzi khona emanzini (umz. iindawo zaseRajarata), sebenzisa amanzi acociweyo (amanzi eFilter/RO) endaweni yamanzi omthombo wokuhlamba nokupheka irayisi.

Izinto ekufuneka zenziwe nezo kufuneka zingayenzi

Imithombo yesayensi (Iingxelo)

• 📚 Iziselo kunye neekomityi zeentsana kunye nabantwana abancinci - i-NHS
• 📚 I-Arsenic kunye neRayisi: Ukuguqulela uPhando ukuze kujongwane neemfuno zabaNiki bezeMpilo - i-PMC