Kunzima ukuchaza intlungu nokungabi namandla okuzivayo xa umntu osondeleyo kuwe, mhlawumbi umntwana wakho, ezalwa esisithulu, okanye elahlekelwa kukuva kwakhe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokugula okanye ingozi. Kukho amaxesha apho ucinga, "Ingaba oku kuya kuba njalo ubomi bakho bonke?" Kodwa ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji, kukho iindlela namhlanje ezinokuzisa ukukhanya nakwabo baneengxaki zokuva ezinzulu. Le yenye yeendlela ezikhethekileyo esithetha ngazo namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ABI?
I-ABI sisifinyezo segama elithi `Auditory Brainstem Implant`. NgesiSinhala, ithetha `Auditory Brainstem Implant`. Esi sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esivumela abantu abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu, oko kukuthi, inxalenye yendlebe engaphakathi ebamba isandi (i-`cochlea` okanye iqokobhe lendlebe) okanye umthambo othwala ezo mpawu zesandi ukuya engqondweni (umthambo wokuva) ukuze uve isandi , okanye ungabikho ukususela ekuzalweni.
Cinga ngemithambo-luvo ethwala isandi ukusuka endlebeni yakho ukuya engqondweni yakho njengebhulorho. Ukuba le bhulorho yaphukile, isandi asinakuwela size sifikelele ebuchotsheni. Kulapho ke isixhobo se-ABI singena khona. Sidlula ibhulorho ephukileyo (imithambo-luvo) size sithumele imiqondiso ngqo kwinxalenye yengqondo elawula ukuva (i-brainstem). Oku akubonakali ngathi kukuva okuqhelekileyo, kodwa kukunika ithuba elihle lokuphinda uqhagamshelane nehlabathi lesandi.
Injani le sixhobo? Ingaba sinamacandelo amabini?
Ewe, esi sixhobo sinamacandelo amabini aphambili. Esinye sinxitywa ngaphandle komzimba, kwaye esinye sifakwe emzimbeni ngotyando.
1. Iprosesa: Le yinxalenye enxitywa phezu kwendlebe okanye ecaleni kwentloko, njengesixhobo sokuncedisa ukuva. Isebenzisa imakrofoni ukufumana izandi ezikungqongileyo. Emva koko iguqula ezo zandi zibe ziimpawu zombane ize izithumele kwiprosesa engaphakathi emzimbeni. Le nxalenye yangaphandle kufuneka isuswe xa ulele ebusuku.
2. I-Internal Implant: Le yinxalenye efakelwa phantsi kwesikhumba ngotyando. Ikwanazo nezinye iindawo ezimbini.
- Isivuseleli-sivuseleli: Le nxalenye, encamathele phantsi kwesikhumba ecaleni kwentloko, ifumana imiqondiso evela ngaphandle.
- I-electrode paddle: Le paddle incinci ekupheleni kwe-receiver ibekwa ngononophelo phezu kwe-cochlear nucleus complex ebuchotsheni. Oku kuvuselela ingqondo ngokuthe ngqo kwaye kudala imvakalelo yesandi.
Ngubani olu nyango lufanelekileyo kuye?
I-ABI ayifanelekanga kubo bonke abantu abanengxaki yokuva. Yenzelwe ngokukodwa abantu abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu abangakwaziyo ukuxhamla kwenye into yokuncedisa ukuva okanye i-cochlear implant.
Le teknoloji yaqala ukuphuhliswa kubantu abane-genetic disorder ebizwa ngokuba yi-Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2). Kwesi sifo, ii-tumor (acoustic neuromas) zikhula ecaleni kwe-auditory nerve. Ezi tumor, nokuba zisusiwe ngotyando, zinokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwi-auditory nerve. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni ngokupheleleyo kokuva kwiindlebe zombini.
Ukongeza, i-ABI inokuba luncedo kubantu abadala, abantwana kunye neentsana ezinezi meko zilandelayo:
- Kwabo bazelwe benengxaki yokuva (i-aplasia).
- Kwabo banemithambo-luvo yokuva engaphuhli kakuhle (`hypoplasia`).
- Kwabo balahlekelwe kukuva ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuthile, uphuhliso olungaphelelanga, okanye ukukhula kwamathambo (i-cochlear ossification) kwenxalenye engaphakathi yendlebe, i-cochlea.
- Kwabo baye bonzakala kumthambo wokuva ngenxa yokwenzakala okukhulu kwentloko (ukuqhekeka kwethambo lexeshana).
- Kwabo banengxaki yokuva kakhulu abangenakunyangwa lolunye unyango.
Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba 'sisiphene semithambo-luvo', ingxaki isenokuba ikwi-cochlea (indlebe yangaphakathi). Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ugqibe kwelokuba i-cochlear implant ayikulungelanga, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Nguye oza kukuvavanya aze akuxelele ukuba yintoni ekulungeleyo.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-ABI kunye ne-Cochlear Implant?
Nangona zombini zizixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva, indlela ezisebenza ngayo kunye neemeko ezisetyenziswa kuzo zahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Uza kuyiqonda lula le nto ngokujonga le theyibhile.
| Uthelekiso | I-Cochlear Implant | Ukufakelwa kweNgqondo ye-Auditory (ABI) |
|---|---|---|
| Isetyenziselwa bani? | Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kubantu abanengxaki yokuva ngenxa yesiphene kwindlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea), kodwa abanemithambo-luvo yabo esebenza kakuhle . | Kwabo banendlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea) kunye/okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo yokuva . |
| Ingaba isebenza kanjani | Ivuselela ngokuthe ngqo umthambo wokuva , idlula inxalenye enesiphene yendlebe yangaphakathi. | Ivuselela ngqo i-brainstem yokuva , idlula zombini indlebe yangaphakathi kunye ne-auditory nerve. |
| Uhlobo lotyando | Utyando olulula. Ngokwesiqhelo ungaya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye. | Utyando lobuchopho oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (`Neurotologist`) kunye nogqirha wobuchopho (`Neurosurgeon`) badla ngokubandakanyeka. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezininzi. |
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi nasemva kotyando?
Ngaphambi kotyando
Ngenxa yokuba esi sisigqibo esikhulu, wena kunye nemeko yakho niza kuhlolwa ngononophelo ngaphambi kotyando. Oku kuza kuquka iimvavanyo ezininzi:
- Uvavanyo lokuva: Inqanaba lakho lokuva lilinganiswa ngezixhobo zokuva nangaphandle kwazo.
- Uvavanyo lonxibelelwano: Ingcali yezentetho iza kuhlola uphuhliso lolwimi lwakho kunye nendlela onxibelelana ngayo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Electrophysiological: Uvavanyo olulodwa lwenziwa ukuze kuchongwe ukuba iphi na kwaye ingakanani na ilahleko yokuva.
- Iiskeni: Usenokucelwa ukuba wenze i -CT scan kunye ne-MRI scan ukujonga iindawo zangaphakathi zendlebe yakho, imithambo-luvo yokuva, kunye neendawo ezifanelekileyo zobuchopho bakho.
- Imbali yezonyango: Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngembali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango kunye neenkcukacha malunga nokulahlekelwa kwakho kukuva.
Emva kotyando
Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kotyando. Ukuba oku kwenziwa ngexesha elinye nokususwa kwethumba elithi `NF2`, ixesha lokuhlala esibhedlele linokuba lide.
Kodwa khumbula, esi sixhobo asisebenzi kwangoko emva kotyando. Iqela lezonyango liza kusenza sisebenze esi sixhobo malunga neeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 emva kotyando, xa amanxeba epholile kakuhle. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ungene nyanga zonke kunyaka wokuqala ukuze ulungise useto (ucwangciso) lwesixhobo ukuze lukulungele.
Zinjani iziphumo? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi?
Iziphumo kunye neenzuzo
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyithethe kukuba i-ABI ayisoze ibuyisele ukuva okuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingenelo ezibonelelayo zibalulekile:
- Ukuqonda izandi: Uqala ukuqaphela izandi kwindawo okuyo (ezifana nokukhonkotha kwenja, ukukhala kwefowuni, imoto isondela).
- Izandi ezahlulayo:Uyakwazi ukwahlula nokuqaphela izinto ezifana nelizwi lomntwana kunye nelizwi lomntu omdala.
- Ukufunda imilebe yomntu kuba lula: Xa ujonga imilebe yomntu kunye nesandi xa ethetha, amandla akho okuqonda into ayithethayo ayanda kakhulu.
Iziphumo zahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Abantwana abafumana i-ABI besebancinci (ngaphambi kokuba bangakwazi ukuva ixesha elide) babonakalise ukuba bayakwazi ukuqonda amagama ngcono kunabantu abadala.
Iingozi kunye neengxaki
Ngenxa yokuba olu lutyando lobuchopho oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu, iingozi eziqhelekileyo kulo naluphi na utyando lobuchopho nazo zikhona. Xa lwenziwa liqela lezonyango elinamava, amathuba okuba kubekho iingxaki aphantsi kakhulu. Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho zezi:
- Ukuvuza kolwelo olujikeleze ubuchopho (`ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal`).
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesixhobo okanye intshukumo ye-electrode efakelweyo.
- Usulelo lwenxeba.
- Izifo ezifana ne-meningitis.
- Ukonakala komthambo wobuso (`Facial nerve palsy`).
- Ukungakhululeki ngenxa yokukhuthazwa zezinye iindawo ezinganxulumananga nokuva.
Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuxoxa nawe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokweenkcukacha ngaphambi kotyando.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isixhobo sokufakelwa ingqondo esisetyenziswa xa umntu eva ukulahleka kokuva okubangelwa kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo-luvo okanye indlebe yangaphakathi (i-cochlea).
- Oku kwahlukile kwi-cochlear implant. I-ABI ivuselela ngokuthe ngqo i-brainstem yokuva.
- Nangona oku kunganiki ukuva okuqhelekileyo, kunceda kakhulu ekuqondeni isandi, ukuqonda isandi, kunye nokunxibelelana.
- Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye kubalulekile ukwenza isigqibo emva kokuxoxa ngononophelo ngeenzuzo kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nalo nogqirha wakho.
- Iziphumo zingahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu, kodwa ngokulungiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokulandelelana, umgangatho wobomi unokuphuculwa kakhulu.
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