Ngaba umntwana wakho une-autism? Masifunde ngakumbi ngezi ndlela zonyango ze-autism!

Xa ugqirha ekuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci une-autism, ungaziva uxinezelekile kwaye woyike kancinci. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba awuwedwa, kwaye kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinokunceda umntwana wakho. Ezi ndlela zonyango zinokunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise amandla akhe kwaye oyise imingeni ajongene nayo ebomini bakhe bemihla ngemihla. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngezi ndlela zonyango ze-autism.

Zithini iindlela zonyango lwe-Autism? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, unyango lwe-autism luludwe lweendlela ezinceda umntwana wakho afikelele kumandla akhe apheleleyo kwaye zimncede akwazi ukumelana nemingeni ajongene nayo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zinikwa eofisini kagqirha. Ezinye zinokunikwa ekhaya, esikolweni, okanye kwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke. Ezi ndlela zonyango zinokwahluka kakhulu. Kodwa ngokubanzi, zonke zizama ukunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise izakhono azidingayo ukuze asebenzisane noluntu, afunde izinto ezintsha, kwaye asebenze ngokuzimela kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

I-Autism ayisosifo, lutshintsho kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo!

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Iingcali zabantwana kunye nabanye ababoneleli ngeenkonzo zempilo baye baqonda ukuba i-autism ngumahluko omncinci kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yomntwana wakho, ebizwa ngokuba yi -neurodivergence . Ayisiyo imeko "enokunyangeka." Ke ngoko, olu nyango aluzami "ukulungisa" i-autism okanye ukunyanzela umntwana ukuba abe kwisakhelo esithile. Endaweni yoko, olu nyango lunika abantwana abane-autism izakhono abazidingayo ukuze baphumelele kwaye baphile ngolonwabo kwihlabathi elingasoloko lilula kwabo banale neurodivergence.

Khumbula, i-autism yinxalenye yobuntu bomntwana. Unyango luzama ukuhlonela ubuntu bomntwana kwaye luncede umntwana enze ubomi bube lula.

Ayizizo zonke iindlela zonyango ezifanayo, akunjalo? Masilumkele iinkolelo zobuxoki!

Njengoko ukhangela unyango olunokunceda umntwana wakho, khumbula oku: Ayizizo zonke iindlela zonyango ze-autism ezisebenzayo okanye ezikhuselekileyo ngokulinganayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, awunakusoloko uthemba oko ukubonayo kwi-intanethi okanye oko kuthethwa ngumhlobo oneenjongo ezintle. Kukho iingcamango ezininzi eziphosakeleyo kunye nolwazi olungeyonyani malunga ne-autism - izizathu kunye nonyango lwayo.

Ugqirha wakho wezifo zabantwana kunye namanye amalungu eqela lezempilo lomntwana wakho baya kucebisa kuphela unyango olusekelwe kubungqina . Oku kuthetha ukuba olu nyango lubonakaliswe lukhuselekile kwaye lusebenza ngedatha evela kwizifundo ezithembekileyo nezicwangcisiweyo kakuhle. Ngoko ke, soloko ulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezilungileyo ze-autism? Masikhethe ezona zifanele umntwana!

Kukho unyango oluninzi olunokunceda umntwana wakho. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nyango lunye "olulungele wonke umntwana." Oogqirha bomntwana wakho baya kucebisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu. Xa besenza ingcebiso, baya kuqwalasela oku kulandelayo:

• Ingaba unyango lufanelekile na ngokweminyaka yomntwana kunye neemfuno zakhe ezithile .
• Ziziphi ezinye iimeko ezihambisanayo umntwana anazo kunye ne-autism?
• Indlela olu nyango oluhambelana ngayo neminqweno yosapho lwakho, ishedyuli, kunye nexabiso elifikelelekayo .

Ngamanye amaxesha kusenokufuneka uzame iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ukuze ufumane eyona ilungele umntwana wakho.

Nazi ezinye iintlobo zonyango ezinokucetyiswa ngoogqirha bomntwana wakho:

• Unyango lokuziphatha
• Unyango lolwimi lwentetho
• Unyango lomsebenzi kunye nolwemizimba
• Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo
• Uqeqesho lwabazali

Ngoku masithethe ngelinye lala mayeza ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Unyango Lokuziphatha

Unyango lokuziphatha luquka ukukhuthaza umntwana wakho ukuba aziphathe kakuhle , njengokucela izinto azifunayo. Lunokunceda ekunciphiseni iindlela zokuziphatha ezinzima , kuquka ukuzenzakalisa.

Kukho abantu abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa koku, sibabiza ngokuba yiBhodi eQinisekisiweyo ngokuziphatha (ii-BCBA) . Bayila olu nyango ngokwemigaqo ye- Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) . I-ABA yithiyori yokufunda. Ithi indlela esiziphatha ngayo imiselwa yindawo esikuyo, ingakumbi izinto ezenzeka emva koko kuziphatha (iziphumo). Ngokuvuza ukuziphatha okuhle kwaye ungavuzi ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha, unokunceda abantwana bafunde iindlela zokuziphatha eziya kuba luncedo ebomini.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsuku zokuqala ze-ABA, kwakukho iimpikiswano ezininzi ngayo kuba isohlwayo sasisetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okungafunekiyo. Oko akusekho njalo.

Iindlela zonyango zokuziphatha zangoku:

• Imivuzo iyasetyenziswa (ukuqiniswa okuhle). Imivuzo enikwayo ngokufezekisa iinjongo ezithile ikhuthaza umntwana ukuba afunde izakhono kunye nokuziphatha okufunekayo kumsebenzi wesikolo, kubudlelwane bentlalo, nakubomi bemihla ngemihla.
• Ukusebenzisa umdlalo.Imisebenzi esekwe ekudlaleni inokunceda abantwana bafunde izakhono zentlalo kwaye bakhe ubudlelwane noontanga babo. Umzekelo, iingcali zonyango zingabonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudlala, okanye zikhuthaze abantwana ukuba bayeke imidlalo yabo yesiqhelo baze bazame into entsha.
• Ukuchonga izizathu zokuziphatha okunzima. Ngokuqonda isizathu sokuba umntwana aziphathe ngendlela ethile, ababoneleli ngeenkonzo banokwenza isicwangciso esihlangabezana neemfuno zomntwana. Umzekelo, umntwana unokucaphuka xa engakwazi ukunxibelelana ngesidingo.
• Olu nyango lunikwa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuyahluka ngokwenkqubo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zinikwa kwindawo ecwangcisiweyo, njengeofisi yomboneleli. Ezinye zinokunikwa ekhayeni lakho, kwisikolo somntwana wakho, okanye kwiziko loluntu apho umntwana wakho ehlala khona.
• Inokuba yeyokwexeshana okanye yexeshana elide. Umntwana wakho angafumana unyango lokuziphatha kangangeenyanga ezimbalwa, unyaka, okanye nangaphezulu. Kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntwana, eziya kutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezinye iinkqubo zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhono, ngelixa ezinye zinceda umntwana ukuba afezekise usukelo oluthile, lwexeshana elifutshane.

Eminye imizekelo yonyango lokuziphatha

Uza kufumana iindlela ezininzi zonyango zokuziphatha ze-autism kwi-intanethi. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukuzahlula, okanye ukwazi ukuba zithembekile ngokwenene na. Ugqirha wakho wezingane angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga nento oyifunayo, kwaye anokukunceda ubone ukuba zeziphi iinkqubo ezinobungqina obuhle. Ukuze uqalise, nazi ezinye iindlela zonyango ezidumileyo, ezisekelwe kubungqina:

• Ungenelelo Lokuziphatha Olunzulu Kwangoko (EIBI): I-EIBI iqala kubantwana abaneminyaka emi-4 okanye ngaphantsi. Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa iminyaka eliqela. Lujongana nemingeni kwiindawo ezifana nonxibelelwano, ubudlelwane bezentlalo, kunye nokuziphatha okungqongqo okanye okuphindaphindwayo. Lwenziwa kwindawo ecwangcisiweyo.
• Imodeli yeDenver yokuQala kwasekuqaleni (ESDM): I-ESDM yenzelwe abantwana abancinci. Inikezelwa kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla (ezibizwa ngokuba "ziindawo zendalo"), njengekhaya lakho. Inceda ekwakheni izakhono zomntwana zentlalo, ingqondo, kunye nolwimi ngokudlala.
• Ingqalelo edibeneyo, Umdlalo ongokomfanekiso, Ukuzibandakanya kunye noLawulo (JASPER): Indlela yeJASPER ikwasebenzisa umdlalo. Isetyenziselwa ukufundisa abantwana izakhono zonxibelelwano lwentlalo ukususela kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwiminyaka esi-8 ubudala. Yenziwa kwiindawo zendalo, ezifana nekhaya lakho okanye igumbi lokufundela lomntwana wakho.
• Unyango lweNkathalo ePhambili (i-PRT):Ii-PRTs zinceda abantwana baphuhlise umnqweno wokunxibelelana nabanye kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono ezisisiseko zentlalo. Ezi ziquka izakhono ezithile ezinjengokuqalisa incoko, ukuphendula abanye, kunye nokulinda ithuba labo.
• Unyango kunye neMfundo yabantwana abane-Autistic kunye noNxibelelwano oluNxulumeneyo-abakhubazekileyo (TEACCH®): Indlela ye-TEACCH® inceda abantwana ukuba baphuhlise uluhlu olubanzi lwezakhono kwindawo ecwangcisiweyo eyenzelwe izakhono zabo kunye nezinto abazithandayo.

Unyango loLwimi lweNtetho

Unyango lolwimi kunye nentetho lunokunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise izakhono zakhe zonxibelelwano . Lolunye lonyango olusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-autism. Nazi ezinye zezinto iingcali zempilo yokuthetha ezinokunceda umntwana wakho ngazo:

• Funda ukusebenzisa izivakalisi ezimfutshane ukucela izinto ozifunayo.
• Ziqhelise ukuchaza iimvakalelo zakho ngamazwi .
• Lungisa isantya okanye isingqisho samagama athethwayo.
• Sebenzisa iindlela zoNxibelelwano oluNcedisayo noluNye (AAC) . I-AAC ibandakanya izinto ezifana nezixhobo ezivelisa intetho, ulwimi lwezandla, kunye namakhadi anemifanekiso okanye iimpawu.

Unyango Lomsebenzi Nomzimba

Unyango Lomsebenzi (OT) lunceda umntwana ukuba afumane izakhono ezifunekayo ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (imisebenzi). Umzekelo, unyango lomzimba (OT) lunokuphucula amandla omntwana okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (ADLs) efana nokuxubha amazinyo nokunxiba. Unyango Lomzimba (PT) lunceda umntwana onezakhono zomzimba ezipheleleyo , ukulinganisela, ukuzinza kwendlela ahamba ngayo, kunye nokuhamba ngeenyawo.

Aba banyangi banokukhokela umntwana kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzilolonga ukuphucula amandla akhe omzimba, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nezakhono zakhe zokunyakaza - iintshukumo ezifunekayo xa efunda, edlala, kwaye ebandakanyeka kwizinto azithandayo.

Uqeqesho lweZakhono zoLuntu

Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo, olukwaziwa ngokuba yi -group social skills intervention (GSSI) , yindlela ejolise ekuncedeni abantwana bafunde indlela yokusebenza kwiimeko zentlalo. Oku kwahlukile kwezinye iindlela zonyango ezakha izakhono zentlalo njengenxalenye yesicwangciso esibanzi esijongana nemiba yomntu ngamnye. Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo lwenziwa kumaqela. Ludla ngokwenzelwa abantwana abancinci kunye nabakwishumi elivisayo.

Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo lubandakanya ukusebenzisa imiyalelo ethe ngqo, imiboniso, imifanekiso, kunye nokudlala indima ukunceda umntwana afunde ukusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko zentlalo.Ukunceda abantwana bazive benokuzithemba ngakumbi kwaye bekhululekile. Umzekelo, abanakekeli banokunceda abantwana benze izinto ezifana nezi:

• Funda amaqhinga okwakha ubudlelwane noontanga bakho.
• Qonda iimpawu ezingezizo ezomlomo, ezifana nokudibana emehlweni kunye nembonakalo yobuso.
• Zibandakanye kwiincoko eziqhubekayo .
• Lawula indlela ojongana ngayo nokuxhatshazwa.

Uqeqesho lwabazali

Olu hlobo lokungenelela lukunceda wena, mzali, ufunde amaqhinga okuxhasa umntwana wakho. Umzekelo, ababoneleli ngonyango banokukufundisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Indlela yokulandela umzekelo womntwana wakho .
• Iindlela zokufumana ingqalelo yomntwana wakho .
• Indlela yokunika umntwana wakho ukhetho .
• Iindlela zokukhuthaza unxibelelwano phakathi koontanga .

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ethile, ungafumana olu qeqesho njengeqela nabanye abazali. Umsebenzi owenzayo kwiiseshoni zoqeqesho lwabazali uya kongeza, okanye wongeze amandla, kunyango olufunyanwa ngumntwana wakho.

Luluphi uncedo olunikwa ngumntwana olu nyango?

Unyango lwe-autism lunokunceda umntwana wakho kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Sebenzisa izakhono zakhe neetalente zakhe ngokupheleleyo .
• Nxibelelana ngendlela ehlangabezana neminqweno neemfuno zakhe .
• Yakha izakhono zentlalo .
• Nciphisa imingeni yokuziphatha .
• Fumana izakhono zokuphila zemihla ngemihla ezixhasa ukuzimela kwakhe .
• Ukujongana ngempumelelo notshintsho lobomi - umzekelo, ukusuka ebuntwaneni ukuya ebutsheni okanye ukusuka ebutsheni ukuya ebuntwini obukhulu.

Kunini apho unyango luluncedo khona?

Unyango lwe-autism lunempembelelo enkulu kwixesha elide ukuba luqalwa ngaphambi kokuba lufikelele kwiminyaka emi-3. Oku kungenxa yokuba ingqondo yomntwana isakhula kwaye iyakwazi ukwamkela utshintsho kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi. Nangona kunjalo, unyango kuyo nayiphi na iminyaka lunokuba luncedo kwaye luncede umntwana wakho. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba xa uqala kwangoko, kokukhona kungcono.

Yintoni omele uyijonge xa ​​ukhetha unyango lomntwana wakho?

Ugqirha wakho wezingane unokukukhokela aze akunike iingcebiso. Ngokubanzi, nazi ezinye zeempawu ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzijonge:

• Abanakekeli baza kuvavanya iimfuno zomntwana wakho.
• Ababoneleli bakho ngonyangoBanokuchaza indlela inkqubela yomntwana eza kulinganiswa ngayo, kwaye baneenjongo ezicacileyo zomntwana ekufuneka azifezekise.
• Kukho abasebenzi abaneleyo bokubonelela umntwana ngengqalelo yomntu ngamnye .
• Ababoneleli baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye baza kwabelana nawe ngeziqinisekiso zabo kunye nemvelaphi yabo .
• Izinto umntwana anomdla kuzo kunye nezinto azithandayo ziyathathelwa ingqalelo xa kumiselwa indlela unyango oluza kunikezelwa ngayo (umzekelo, xa kumiselwa iintlobo zoqinisekiso oluhle).
• Iingcali zonyango ziyakwamkela ukubandakanyeka kwakho, oko kuthetha ukuba bayamamela iminqweno yakho kwaye bakufundisa izinto onokuzenza ukunceda umntwana wakho ekhaya.

Unyango lwe-autism kufuneka lube malunga nokuphakamisa umntwana wakho, kunye nokumhlonipha njengabantu ngabanye. Ukuba kukho into engakuhambelaniyo, okanye ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga ngayo nayiphi na into kwinkqubo yonyango, mamela intliziyo yakho kwaye uye kwenye indawo.

Wonke umntwana wahlukile – kwaye nendlela yonyango lwakhe ifanele ilandelwe. Okusebenza komnye umntwana kusenokungasebenzi kowakho, kwaye kulungile oko. Kusenokufuneka uvavanyo oluthile ukuze kufunyanwe okusebenza kakuhle kwiimfuno zosapho lwakho. Kwaye ezo mfuno zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Thembela kwisikhokelo sikagqirha wabantwana bakho, kwaye ubuze imibuzo emininzi kangangoko unako. Ufunda kunye nomntwana wakho. Kubalulekile ukufunda okuninzi kangangoko unako malunga nonyango olwahlukeneyo kunye noko lunokukwenza kuwe. Okukhona ufumana ulwazi olungakumbi, kokukhona uya kuba nezixhobo ezininzi zokunceda umntwana wakho akhe ubomi abufunayo nobufaneleyo. Ungaze ulahle ithemba, ufuna okona kulungileyo kumntwana wakho!

I- Autism, Unyango lwe-Autism, i-Autism, Unyango lwe-Autism, Impilo yabantwana, Unyango lokuziphatha, Unyango lokuthetha, Ingcebiso yokukhulisa abantwana, i-ABA, i-ESDM