Njengomama okanye utata, ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhe uzibuze, "Ngaba indlela umntwana wam aziphethe ngayo yahlukile kancinci?" Okanye ngaba unamathandabuzo kancinci engqondweni yakho malunga nokukhula kwakhe? Kuqhelekile ukuba neengcinga ezinje. Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-autism, imeko ekhathaza abazali abaninzi, kodwa inokulawulwa ukuba iqondwa kakuhle. Ngokukodwa, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba le meko inokufunyanwa phantse kwangoko nje ukuba umntwana azelwe.
Yintoni i-autism?
Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngolu vumbululo lutsha, masiqonde ukuba yintoni i-autism. Abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba yi-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). "I-spectrum" ifana nomnyama. Njengokuba kukho imibala eyahlukeneyo, ubuchule kunye nemingeni yabantwana abane-autism yahlukile kakhulu omnye komnye.
Ngamafutshane, le yimeko echaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo yomntwana. Oku kunokubangela ukuba ajongane nemingeni kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Ukunxibelelana nabantu : Kusenokuba nzima ukwakha ubudlelwane nabanye, ukujongana emehlweni, nokuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye.
2. Unxibelelwano: Usenokubona izinto ezifana nokufika kade ekuthetheni, ukusebenzisa imiqondiso endaweni yamagama, okanye ukuphinda amagama afanayo.
3. Indlela yokuziphatha: Iimpawu zingabandakanya indlela yokuziphatha ephindaphindayo (umz., ukuqhwaba izandla, ukuchola amathoyizi ngendlela efanayo), kunye nokungabi namdla kwizinto ezithile (isandi, ivumba, ukukhanya).
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-autism ayisosifo, yindlela yokubona nokuva ihlabathi ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Aba bantwana banokuba nezakhono ezikhethekileyo.
Ngaba umntwana unokufunyanwa ene-autism xa ezalwa?
Ewe! Ezi ziindaba zamva nje nezibalaseleyo. Iqela labaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseDuke eMelika kutshanje lifumanise into emangalisa kakhulu. Baye benza inkqubo yekhompyutha, i-algorithm ekhethekileyo, enokuhlalutya iirekhodi zempilo yosana kwasekuqaleni kwaye iqikelele ukuba loo mntwana usemngciphekweni wokuba ne-autism kwixesha elizayo.
Khawucinge nje ukuba kuya kuba luncedo kangakanani ukukwazi ukwenza olu qikelelo usebenzisa ulwazi olufumaneka kwincwadi yezempilo yosana okanye kwiirekhodi zesibhedlele kwinyanga yokuqala yokuzalwa?
Isebenza njani le algorithm?
Abaphandi bahlalutye iirekhodi zempilo ze-elektroniki zabantwana abamalunga nama-45,000(iirekhodi zonyango ze-elektroniki) ziye zafundwa. Xa behlalutya le datha, babone iipatheni ezininzi zempilo eziqhelekileyo ebuntwaneni babantwana abathi kamva bafunyaniswa bene-autism.
Bazi:
- Ukutyelela ugqirha wamehlo xa uneengxaki zamehlo.
- Ukutyelela ingcali yezifo zengqondo xa uneengxaki ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Ukuxhathisa isisu rhoqo kunye neengxaki zokugaya ukutya (Iingxaki zesisu).
- Imfuneko yonyango lomzimba.
Oku akuthethi ukuba ngenxa yokuba umntwana enale nto inye, une-autism. Hayi, musa ukucinga ngolo hlobo. Le algorithm ikwenza ukuqokelela amakhulu eenkcukacha ezincinci ezinje kwaye ichonge ipateni iyonke evela kuzo. Kufana nomcuphi ohlanganisa izikhokelo ezincinci aze enze umfanekiso omkhulu.
Kutheni kubaluleke kangaka ukubhaqwa kwangethuba?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yebali. Okukhona i-autism ibonwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona ingcono kwikamva lomntwana. Siyibiza ngokuba yi- "Early Intervention."
- Ukuqina kobuchopho: Iingqondo zabantwana abancinci zifana nodongwe olumanzi. Ziyaguquguquka kakhulu ngelo xesha (i-neuroplasticity). Ke ngoko, ukuba unyango olufunekayo lubonelelwa kwangethuba, ingqondo yomntwana iya kuncedwa kakhulu ekwakheni unxibelelwano olutsha kunye nokunqoba imingeni.
- Iziphumo eziBalaseleyo: Izinto ezifana nonyango lokuthetha kunye nonyango lomsebenzi, xa ziqalwe kwangethuba, zinokwenza imimangaliso ekuphuhliseni izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye nezentlalo zomntwana.
- Ukunceda abazali: Kunceda abazali ukuqonda isizathu sokuziphatha komntwana wabo. Kukwabanika ithuba lokufunda indlela yokunceda umntwana wabo.
Isifundo esikhulu esisifundiswa lolu phononongo kukuba i-autism ayisiyonto nje yokuziphatha, inxulumene nempilo yomzimba yomntwana iyonke .
Yintoni esifanele siyifunde thina, njengabazali baseSri Lanka, koku?
Le algorithm isenokuba ayikasetyenziswa eSri Lanka okwangoku. Kodwa umyalezo osisiseko ewudluliselayo ubaluleke kakhulu kuthi. Njengabazali, kubalulekile ukuba niqaphele ukukhula komntwana wenu. Kwitheyibhile engasezantsi, jonga ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ekufuneka niziqwalasele kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yomntwana.
| Ubudala | Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe |
|---|---|
| Iinyanga ezi-6-9 | - Ukungancumi kakhulu okanye ukubonakalisa iimvakalelo zovuyo. - Nitshintshisana ngokwenza ingxolo nize nihleke. - Akaphenduli igama. |
| Iinyanga ezili-12 (unyaka) | - Kuphephe ukubhuda. - Ukungenzi zimpawu zesandla ezinje ngokuthi 'tata' okanye ukukhomba into ethile. - Abajongi emva xa kubizwa igama labo. |
| Iinyanga ezili-16-24 (iminyaka eli-1.5 ukuya kwemi-2) | - Ukungathethi igama elinye (iinyanga ezili-16) okanye izivakalisi zamagama amabini (iinyanga ezingama-24). - Ukungabi namdla kwabanye abantwana. - Akajongi ngqo emehlweni. - Ukuphinda izenzo ezifanayo (umz., amavili ajikelezayo, ukushukuma ubuyela umva naphambili). |
Ndingenza ntoni xa ndirhanela into efana nale?
Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngomntwana wakho, nceda ungoyiki okanye ungamxeleli. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho, ugqirha wabantwana, okanye ugqirha okwikliniki yakho yokubeleka (MOH) ngale nto.
Ungaze woyike ukuthi, "Gqirha, umntwana wam akabonakali ebajonga kakuhle abanye abantu, kwaye ndiziva ndinoloyiko kancinci." Hlonipha iimvakalelo zakho. Lolona ncedo lukhulu onokulunika umntwana wakho.
Ugqirha uza kumxilonga umntwana ngakumbi ukuba kuyimfuneko aze amthumele kwingcali, njengogqirha wengqondo yabantwana. Khumbula, le ayisiyonto inokuxilongwa ngovavanyo olunye. Yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elithile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisosifo. Yindlela eyahlukileyo umntwana abona nabona ngayo ihlabathi.
- Uphando olutsha lubonisa ukuba ulwazi lwempilo yomzimba yomntwana kwasebuntwaneni lunokuchonga umngcipheko we-autism kwangethuba.
- I-Autism ayipheleli nje ekuziphatheni, ikwanxulumene nempilo iyonke yomntwana (amehlo, amathumbu, intshukumo).
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nokukhula okanye ukuziphatha komntwana wakho, nceda uthethe nogqirha wakho. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunye nokungenelela kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva lomntwana wakho.
- Njengomzali, mamela iimvakalelo zakho zobuzali. Awuwedwa, kwaye zininzi iindawo zokufumana uncedo.
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