Ukuba umntwana wakho une -Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), okanye njengoko sisibiza njalo, i-autism, isikolo sinokuba yindawo enzima ngamanye amaxesha. "Umntwana wam uza kuziphatha njani esikolweni?", "Ngaba utitshala akayi kumqonda umntwana wam?", "Ngaba uza kusebenzisana nabanye abantwana?" Mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho. Oku kuyingxaki enkulu kungekuphela nje kumntwana, kodwa nakuni njengabazali nootitshala. Abanye abazali bathi, 'Isikolo sethu asikuqondi oku konke konke.' Abanye bathi, 'Iingxaki zokuziphatha komntwana wam zinyukile kuba akakwazi ukunxibelelana kakuhle nabanye esikolweni.' Ke namhlanje, masithethe ngendlela esinokumnceda ngayo umntwana onjalo ukuba afunde kakuhle aze aye esikolweni ngolonwabo.
Ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-autism abafanayo: isisombululo asinakufana
Okokuqala, eyona nto ibalulekileyo sonke ekufuneka siyiqonde kukuba wonke umntwana one-autism wahlukile. Oko kuthetha ukuba wonke umntwana uneempawu ezahlukeneyo, iindlela zokufunda, kunye nezakhono ezahlukeneyo.
Ngamafutshane, i-autism ayisosifo esifana nesifo seswekile. Njengoko omnye ugqirha wengqondo esitsho, "Siyazi izinto ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngokuqinisekileyo malunga nomntwana ngamnye onesifo seswekile. Kodwa i-autism ayinjalo. Yindlela ebanzi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yemfundo enceda aba bantwana kufuneka ibe banzi kangangoko."
Oku kuthetha ukuba umntwana wakho udinga ingqalelo kunye nenkxaso ekhethekileyo kuye, eyenzelwe yena. Oko kusebenza kumntwana onesifo sengqondo esingapheliyo kusenokungasebenzi kumntwana wakho.
Masifunde kumava abazali: iingcebiso ezithile ezisebenzayo
Umama womntwana one-autism wabelane ngamava akhe. Uthi umntwana wakhe uqhuba kakuhle esikolweni esiqhelekileyo namhlanje kuba bona, njengentsapho, baqale ukulungiselela umntwana wabo kwangethuba. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo esinokuzifunda kweli mava.
| Ingcebiso | Ngamagama alula... |
|---|---|
| Yazi kakuhle amandla nobuthathaka bomntwana wakho | Fumana uvavanyo olufanelekileyo lwezonyango lwemeko yomntwana wakho. Umzekelo, ungabuza ugqirha wakho malunga novavanyo oluqhelekileyo olufana ne -Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) . Ezi ziphumo ziya kuba luncedo kakhulu ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso semfundo somntwana wakho esikolweni. |
| Yonke into iba lula xa uziqhelanisa. | Abanye abantwana banokufuna ukufundiswa ukusebenzisa amagama athi 'yena' okanye 'yena' ngokuchanekileyo malunga nezihlandlo ezingama-50. Ngoko ke, kunzima ukulindela ukuba baye eklasini ngoko nangoko baze benze yonke into ngokuchanekileyo. Qala ngokuya esikolweni malunga neveki ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka wesikolo uze uziqhelise. Babonise izinto ezifana neklasi entsha, igumbi lokuhlambela, kunye nomthombo wokusela. |
| Nika ootitshala imiyalelo elula necacileyo | Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntwana ungowesithathu kumgca wokuzilolonga kwezemidlalo. Usenokungayikhumbuli imiyalelo enikwa ngumqeqeshi. Kodwa ukuba umqeqeshi ubiza igama lomntwana aze athathe umzuzu ukuphinda imiyalelo, uya kuqonda. Le yindlela elungileyo ngokwenene kuye nawuphi na umntwana. |
| Zibandakanye nomsebenzi wesikolo. | Zithandele kwiingqungquthela zabazali nootitshala nakwimicimbi yesikolo. Ngale ndlela, uya kuhlala unolwazi ngezinto ezenzekayo esikolweni. Ootitshala bomntwana wakho baya kukwazi ngcono. |
| Yabelana ngokwaziyo nootitshala. | Nika ootitshala amanqaku kunye neencwadana malunga nabantwana abane-autism. Bacele ukuba babelane ngezi zixhobo nabanye ootitshala kunye neengcali zonyango ezifundisa umntwana. |
Masisebenzisane nesikolo ukwenza isicwangciso semfundo esifanela umntwana wakho.
Kumazwe angaphandle, isicwangciso esisemthethweni esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Individualized Education Plan (IEP)' sisetyenziselwa ukukhokela imfundo yomntwana one-autism. Nangona le nkqubo ingasetyenziswa ngendlela efanayo kwilizwe lethu, singayisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo loo ngcinga.
Ngamafutshane, oku kubandakanya abazali, ootitshala, kunye neengcali zonyango ukuba badibane ukuze baxoxe ngezinto umntwana azidingayo ukuze aphumelele kwizifundo zabo baze emva koko benze isicwangciso. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -speech therapy., unyango lomsebenzi, njl. njl. lungabandakanywa.
Ngoko ke, nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokwenza olu hlobo lwengxoxo nesikolo lube yimpumelelo:
- Yiba ngumncedisi, ungabi ngumntu okhathazayo: Endaweni yokuba ufune into ethile, "Sifuna oku, sifuna okuya," lungele ukuxoxa ngeenjongo ezinokwenzeka umntwana wakho anokuzifezekisa. Umzekelo, ungathetha ngeenjongo ezifana "nokuqalisa incoko nomnye umntwana izihlandlo ezimbalwa ngeveki."
- Faka umntu wangaphandle omazi kakuhle umntwana: Mhlawumbi ukufaka umntu kule ngxoxo, njengogqirha wengqondo onyanga umntwana, okanye utitshala owayekwiklasi yangaphambili kwaye emqonda kakuhle umntwana, kunokuvelisa izimvo ezininzi ezilungileyo.
- Bulela abo bakuncedileyo: Bulela wonke umntu oze kule ngxoxo. Ootitshala kufuneka basebenze nzima ngakumbi xa besebenza nomntwana one-autism, ngoko ke uxabiso lwakho luya kuba lukhuthazo olukhulu kubo.
Xa ucinga ukuba kufuneka utshintshe izikolo
Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba sizama kangakanani na, imeko yesikolo isenokungamlungeli umntwana. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iingcali zithi akufanele ucinge kabini ngokutshintsha izikolo.
"Uvavanyo lwe-litmus" lokugqiba ukuba lixesha lokutshintsha izikolo kuxa umntwana esoloko esohlwaywa ngento angenakuyilawula .
Umzekelo, thatha indlela yokuziphatha ebizwa ngokuba yi-"stimming." Oku kwenzeka xa umntwana one-autism ephindaphinda ukwenza uhlobo olufanayo lwentshukumo (umz., ukuqhwaba izandla, ukushukuma umva nangaphambili). Oku kusenokusekelwe kwi-neurological. Le ndlela yokuziphatha inokuvela xa umntwana eziva exhalabile, ekruqukile, okanye engayiqondi into eyenzekayo eklasini.
Abantwana abane-autism nabo badla ngokuba neengxaki zokuva. Abanye abantwana banokuba novelwano kakhulu xa bechukumisa okanye bechukumisa. Abanye banokufuna izinto ezifana nokugonwa, okanye banokukufumanisa kuthomalalisa ukuhlafuna izinto ezifana neepensele. Xa bengakwazi ukuthi, "Mfundisi, andiqondi oku," umntwana usenokuhlafuna ipensele endaweni yoko.
Amaxesha amaninzi, ootitshala abaqhelekileyo abaqeqeshwanga ukuchonga unobangela wokuziphatha okunjalo. Ngenxa yoko, aba bantwana banokugwetywa phantsi kwegama elithi "ukuziphatha okubi." Ukuba imeko enjalo iyaqhubeka, kubalulekile ukucinga ngendawo efanelekileyo yomntwana.
Izikolo ezinikezelwe kubantwana abaneemfuno ezizodwa
Abanye abazali bavakalelwa kukuba izikolo zemveli azinazo izixhobo okanye uqeqesho lootitshala lokujongana nemingeni yomntwana one-autism. Ngenxa yoko, abanye abazali baye bahlangana baza baqalisa izikolo ezilungiselelwe aba bantwana ngokukodwa.
Injongo yezi zikolo ayikokufundisa abantwana izakhono nje kuphela. "Sifundisa abantwana ukucinga, ukusombulula iingxaki. Kwaye sibafundisa nokusebenzisa ezo ndlela ngokufanelekileyo," utshilo omnye umlawuli wesinye sezikolo ezinjalo. Injongo yabo kukugxila kwiinkalo zophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo kunye neempawu zentlalo-neemvakalelo zomntwana kwindawo enothando nexhasayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Wonke umntwana wahlukile: Wonke umntwana one-autism (ASD) wahlukile. Okusebenzayo komnye umntu kusenokungasebenzi komnye. Mqonde kakuhle umntwana wakho.
- Sebenzisana nesikolo: Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nootitshala. Bazise ngemeko yomntwana wakho, iimfuno zakhe kunye namandla akhe. Sebenzani njengeqela.
- Lungisa umntwana wakho: Kancinci kancinci qhelisela umntwana wakho imeko yesikolo kunye nesiqhelo. Ukuziqhelanisa kunokunciphisa uloyiko kunye nexhala lomntwana wakho.
- Mthethelele umntwana wakho ngoxolo: Xa uthetha ngezidingo zomntwana wakho, thetha ngendlela exhasayo neyinyaniso, endaweni yokuphikisa.
- Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Nanini na xa unengxaki ngemeko yomntwana wakho, indlela aziphethe ngayo, okanye imfundo yakhe, thetha nogqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo. Baza kukunika isikhokelo esifanelekileyo.
- Ukuba kuyamlimaza umntwana wakho, yenza utshintsho: Ukuba imeko yesikolo yangoku iyaqhubeka nokonakalisa ingqondo yomntwana wakho, ungoyiki ukukhangela imeko engcono.
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