Ubungacinga ntoni ukuba ngequbuliso uneentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nomkhuhlane ophezulu? Okanye ukuba ubona umntwana wakho omncinci ekhala engayeki, engaseli ubisi, kwaye ebonakala engaphili ngenxa yomkhuhlane? Enye yezona zinto zinkulu ezisixhalabisayo ngamaxesha anje "yi-brain fever." Namhlanje sithetha nge-Bacterial Meningitis, imeko enzima eyoyikwa ngumntu wonke, kodwa inokusindisa ubomi ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-meningitis?
Cinga ngengqondo yethu kunye nomthambo womqolo njengezinto ezixabisekileyo. Ukukhusela ezi zinto zixabisekileyo, indalo ibonelele ngesigqubuthelo esenziwe ngeengqimba ezintathu ezibhityileyo zee-membrane. Kwizonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba kukugquma i-meninges. Ngoko ke, xa intsholongwane, ingakumbi i-bacteria, ingena kwesi sigqubuthelo, ibangela usulelo apho, ize iqale ukudumba, siyibiza ngokuba yi-Bacterial Meningitis .
Le yimeko eyingozi kakhulu. Kuba oku kudumba kunokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni, kubangele umonakalo engqondweni, ukukhubazeka, isifo sohlangothi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ke ngoko, oku kuthathwa njengengxamiseko yezonyango.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-viral kunye ne-bacterial meningitis?
Xa sisithi "i-meningitis," sithetha kakhulu ngeentlobo ezimbini. Ezi yi-viral kunye ne-bacterial meningitis. Nangona zombini zibandakanya ukudumba kobuchopho, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo zombini.
I-viral meningitis yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ayibi nzima njengohlobo lwebhaktiriya. Uninzi lwexesha, iyaphela ngaphandle konyango olukhethekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, i-bacterial meningitis yimeko enzima efuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye nonyango olukhawulezileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi - zithini iimpawu?
Eyona nto iyingozi ngesi sifo kukuba iimpawu zinokubonakala ngokukhawuleza, ngamanye amaxesha zingadlulanga iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.
Iimpawu kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu ngequbuliso.
- Intloko ebuhlungu enganyamezelekiyo.
- Intamo eqinileyo : Olu luphawu oluthile. Intamo iba lukhuni , nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba uphumze isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
- Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya: Uvelwano ekukhanyeni (Photophobia). Amehlo avakala ngathi ajika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa ebona ukukhanya.
- Ukugabha kunye nokucaphuka.
- Ukudideka: Ukuziva udidekile, intetho ivakala ngathi yingxubevange yamagama.
- Ukozela kunye nokucaphuka.
- Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima , ukuxhuzula kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo kunokwenzeka.
Iimpawu kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci
Iintsana ezincinci azinakuthi "Ndinentloko ebuhlungu." Ngoko ke iimpawu zazo zahlukile kancinci. Njengabazali, kufuneka nilumke kakhulu ngale nto.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kunye nokuhlanza | Ubushushu bomzimba bunokunyuka, kwaye umntwana usenokuhlanza nantoni na ayityayo okanye ayiselayo. Basenokungavumi ukusela ubisi. |
| Ukozela okungaqhelekanga | Kunzima ukuvusa umntwana. Akadlali njengesiqhelo, udiniwe kakhulu. |
| Ukukhala rhoqo nokucaphuka | Bahlala bekhala ngaphandle kwesizathu, kunzima ukubathuthuzela, kwaye basenokungafuni nokuchukunyiswa. |
| "Umngxuma" ovuthuzayo ebunzini | Indawo ethambileyo entlokweni yomntwana, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"fontanelle," ibonakala ngathi idumbile phambili. Olu luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Iimeko ezinje ngokungcangcazela komzimba kunye nokuxhuzula zinokwenzeka. |
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unenye yezi mpawu okanye ezingaphezulu, yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane ngaphandle kokulibazisa.Esi asisosifo esinokugcinwa ekhaya.
Sikhula njani esi sifo? Yintoni ebangela esi sifo?
Nangona kukho malunga neentlobo ezingama-50 zeebhaktheriya ezinokubangela esi sifo, kukho iintlobo ezimbalwa ezibonakala kakhulu.
- Iqela B *iStreptococcus*
- *I-Streptococcus pneumoniae* (i-pneumococcal)
- *Neisseria meningitidis* (i-meningococcal)
- *Umkhuhlane weHaemophilus*
- *I-Listeria monocytogenes*
- *I-Escherichia coli* (E. coli)
Into emangalisayo kukuba uninzi lwezi ntsholongwane lunokuhlala kwindawo esikuyo, kuquka impumlo nomqala, ngaphandle kokubangela monakalo. Umntu onazo usenokungaguli, kodwa zinokudlulisela ezi ntsholongwane komnye umntu.
Le ntsholongwane idla ngokusasazeka ngokusondelana nomntu osulelekileyo. Esi sifo sinokusasazeka lula kwabanye ngokusebenzisa imibhobho yokuphefumla ekhutshwa xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye eqabula .
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Abantwana abaphakathi kwenyanga enye neminyaka emibini ubudala ngabona basemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo. Ukongeza, abantu abadala abaneempawu ezithile ezinobungozi nabo banokufumana esi sifo.
- Abantu abaxhomekeke kwiziyobisi okanye utywala
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo zendlebe okanye impumlo rhoqo (izifo ezingapheliyo)
- Abantu abonzakele kakhulu entloko
- Abantu abane-pneumonia (*Pneumococcal pneumonia*)
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz. i-HIV, izigulane ezinomhlaza)
- Abantu abasuswe utyando lwe-spleen yabo
- Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell
- Abantu abaye benza utyando lobuchopho okanye lomqolo
Ayingobantu kuphela aba, kodwa neendawo apho abantu abaninzi bahlala kufutshane, njengeendawo zokulala zaseyunivesithi kunye neenkampu zomkhosi, zisengozini enkulu yokusasaza esi sifo.
Isifo sichongwa kwaye sinyangwa njani?
Xa usiya esibhedlele unezi mpawu zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- Ukubhaqwa Kweempundu: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Oku kuquka ukufaka inaliti encinci emqolo wakho ongezantsi uze uthathe isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze umqolo wakho (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal - CSF). Oku akukhululeki kancinci, kodwa kubalulekile ekuxilongweni. Olu lwelo lungavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho na intsholongwane ekhoyo kwaye loluphi uhlobo lwayo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi nomchamo: Olu vavanyo lunokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nosulelo.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba oogqirha abalindi iziphumo zezi mvavanyo. Baqala unyango kwangoko xa kurhanelwa ukuba i-meningitis ibangelwa ziimpawu.
Unyango luquka ii-antibiotics ezine-IV. Ii-corticosteroids zikwanikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kwi-meninges. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zovavanyo, kukhethwa i-antibiotic efanelekileyo kwiibhaktheriya ezibangela usulelo kwaye unyango luyaqhubeka.
Ngaba kukho iindlela zokuthintela esi sifo?
Ewe, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba sinee -vaccine zokukhusela kwiintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zeebhaktheriya ezibangela esi sifo siyingozi.
- Isitofu sokugonya i-Meningococcal: Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane ze-*N. meningitidis*.
- Isitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal: Sikhusela kwiibhaktheriya ze-*S. pneumoniae*.
- *Isitofu sokugonya seHaemophilus influenzae* uhlobo b (Hib): Zikhusele kwiibhaktheriya ze *H. influenzae*.
Ezi gonyo zikwabandakanyiwe kwinkqubo yokugonya yelizwe lethu. Jongana nogqirha wakho wosapho okanye igosa lezempilo losapho lasekuhlaleni ukuze ubone ukuba umntwana wakho ufumene ezi gonyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Izinto onokuzenza ngaphandle kokugonywa
- Kwabomama abakhulelweyo: Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iGroup B Streptococcus malunga neeveki ezingama-36 okanye ezingama-37 zokukhulelwa. Ukuba unentsholongwane, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela ukuba intsholongwane ingasasazeki kumntwana wakho ngexesha lokubeleka.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya.
- Lala kakuhle kwaye ugcine indlela yokuphila esempilweni.
- Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo.
- Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo.
- Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba yakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-bacterial meningitis yingxaki yezonyango. Le meko inokuba mandundu kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile.
- Ukuqala ngequbuliso komkhuhlane ophezulu, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, kunye nentamo eqinileyo kunye nokungakwazi ukuchukumisa isilevu esifubeni zezona mpawu zithathu ziphambili kubantu abadala.
- Iimpawu kwiintsana ezincinci ziyahluka. Khangela ukozela okungaqhelekanga, ukukhala okungapheliyo, kunye neqhuma elithambileyo phezulu entlokweni .
- Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, musa ukuhlala ekhaya kwaye uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye ii-antibiotics ziqaliwe, amathuba okuchacha ngokupheleleyo aphezulu kakhulu.
- Kukho amayeza okugonya asebenzayo okukhusela esi sifo. Fumana amayeza okugonya akho nawezingane zakho ngexesha.
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