Ngaba ugqirha ukhe wakubhalela wena okanye umntu omthandayo amayeza okuxhuzula, utyando, okanye ukungalali? Usenokuba unikwe i-barbiturate. Nangona la mayeza esebenza kakhulu kwiimeko ezithile zonyango, afuna ukujongwa ngononophelo kunye nolwalathiso lobuchwephesha. Apha eNirogi Lanka, sifuna ukukunceda uqonde indlela asebenza ngayo la mayeza.
Zithini iiBarbiturates?
Ngamafutshane, ii-barbiturates ludidi lwamayeza asebenza njengemithi yokuthomalalisa okanye i-hypnotics, oko kuthetha ukuba akhuthaza ukuphumla okanye ukulala. Zikwangamayeza anamandla asetyenziselwa ukulawula okanye ukuthintela ukuxhuzula.
La mayeza asebenza ngokusebenzisana nekhemistri yengqondo yakho. Ngokukodwa, aphucula imiphumo ye-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi -GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). I-GABA ngokuyintloko yinkqubo "yokubhuleka" kwengqondo, ecothisa umsebenzi we-neural. Ngokunyusa le mpembelelo, ii-barbiturates zenza uzive uzolile, uphumle, kwaye wozele.
Kutheni oogqirha bewabhala?
Ngaphambili, ii-barbiturates zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-anesthesia ngexesha lotyando ngenxa yokuba zinamandla okubangela ukuthomalalisa okunzulu. Namhlanje, amayeza amatsha aneziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezimbalwa adla ngokukhethwa ngenxa yale njongo.
Nangona kunjalo, ii-barbiturates zihlala zibalulekile kwiimfuno ezithile zonyango ezibalulekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, zidityaniswa nezinye izithako ezifana neparacetamol ukulawula iintlungu.
Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili kuquka:
- Ulawulo lokuxhuzula: Ukunceda ukulawula nokuthintela ukuxhuzula okuphindaphindiweyo kwiimeko ezithile.
- Ukungalali: Isetyenziswa njengonyango lwexesha elifutshane kwiingxaki ezinzima zokulala.
- Ukuthomalalisa isigulana ngaphambi kotyando: Ukuzolalisa isigulana kunye nokwenza silale ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe inkqubo yezonyango.
- Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwentloko: Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo ngaphakathi kwentloko ngexesha leengxamiseko ezithile zonyango.
Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zeBarbiturates
Nangona iintlobo ezininzi zikhona kwihlabathi liphela, azikho zonke ezifumanekayo okanye ezisetyenziswayo kuwo onke amazwe. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo eqhelekileyo:
| Igama leziyobisi | Ukusetyenziswa Okuphambili |
|---|---|
| I-Phenobarbital | Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukulawula nokuthintela ukuxhuzula. |
| I-Butalbital | Ayisetyenziswa yodwa rhoqo; idla ngokudityaniswa ne-aspirin, i-paracetamol, okanye i-caffeine ukunyanga iintloko ezibuhlungu kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. |
| I-Primidone | Elinye iyeza elisebenzayo lokuthintela ukuxhuzula. |
| I-Methohexital | Isetyenziselwa i-anesthesia ngexesha leenkqubo zotyando ezimfutshane kakhulu okanye iimvavanyo zonyango, ezinje ngonyango lwe-electroconvulsive. |
Iingenelo kunye nobude bexesha lokusebenza
Ngenxa yokuba la mayeza asele ekho, sinedatha yezonyango yamashumi eminyaka malunga nokusebenza kwawo. Ahlala exabisekile njengokhetho lwesibini xa amayeza okuqala engaphumeleli.
Inzuzo ephambili kukutshintshatshintsha kwexesha lokusebenza kwazo, okuvumela oogqirha ukuba bakhethe into efanelekileyo ngokwemfuno yeklinikhi—ukusuka kwiindlela ezimfutshane kakhulu zotyando olufutshane ukuya kwiindlela ezisebenza ixesha elide zokuthintela ukuxhuzula okuqhubekayo.
| Udidi | Ubude bexesha lokusebenza |
|---|---|
| Ukusebenza okufutshane kakhulu | Imizuzu eli-15 okanye ngaphantsi (umz., iMethohexital). |
| Isebenza ixesha elifutshane | Malunga neeyure ezi-3-4 (umz., iPentobarbital). |
| Ukusebenza okuphakathi | Malunga neeyure ezi-4-6 (umz., iButalbital). |
| Isebenza ixesha elide | Ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezili-12; inokuhlala emzimbeni iintsuku ezininzi (umz., iPhenobarbital). |
Iingozi kunye neengxaki
Ngenxa yomngcipheko omkhulu, ii-barbiturates ngoku zinikwa ngononophelo olukhulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde oku kulandelayo:
- Ukunyamezela, Ukuxhomekeka, kunye Nokulutha: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, umzimba wakho unokuba nokunyamezela, nto leyo edinga iidosi eziphezulu ukuze kubekho umphumo ofanayo. Ukuxhomekeka kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho uxhomekeke kwiziyobisi; ukuyeka ngequbuliso kunokubangela iimpawu ezinzima zokurhoxa. Ukulutha kubandakanya ukungakwazi kwengqondo ukuyeka iziyobisi nangona kukho iziphumo ezimbi.
- Iingozi zokuphefumla nezentliziyo: IiBarbiturates zinciphisa izinga lentliziyo kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukusela kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekungakwazini ukuphefumla okusongela ubomi. Funa uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo (fowunela ku-911 okanye undwendwele isebe lezonyango elikufutshane) ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukrokrela ukuba usela kakhulu.
- Ukusebenzisana kwamayeza: IiBarbiturates zichaphazela ii-enzymes zesibindi, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo aphume emzimbeni wakho ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enciphisa ukusebenza kwawo.
- Ukukhulelwa Nokuncancisa: La mayeza abeka umngcipheko omkhulu kumntwana osakhulayo kwaye angadlula kubisi lwebele. Hlala wazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uncancisa.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufuneka uthathe amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe ngugqirha wakho kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqo ishedyuli ecetyiswayo. Ungaze utshintshe umthamo wakho okanye uyeke ukuthatha amayeza ngokwakho.
Ufanele uye nini kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko (ER)?
Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu othatha ii-barbiturates ubonakalisa naziphi na iimpawu ezilandelayo, oko kusenokuba luphawu lokusebenzisa i-overdose.Le yingxamiseko yezonyango esongela ubomi. Funa unyango olukhawulezileyo kwicandelo lezonyango ezingxamisekileyo lesibhedlele elikufutshane okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911/iinkonzo zongxamiseko.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
- Ukudideka okukhulu okanye ubunzima bokucinga
- Ukuquleka okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo
- Isantya sentliziyo esicothayo kakhulu (bradycardia) okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo kodwa okubuthathaka
- Isiyezi esinzima okanye i-vertigo
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
- Ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi (i-hypothermia)
- Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwimilebe okanye ezinziphoni (i-cyanosis)
- Ukungakwazi ukugxila amehlo akho okanye abafundi abancinci okanye abakhulu ngokungaqhelekanga
Iimpawu zokuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi kunye nokurhoxa
Xa usela amayeza kangangexesha elithile, umzimba wakho unokuxhomekeka kula mayeza. Ukuwayeka ngequbuliso kunokubangela iimpawu zokurhoxa, eziquka:
- Ukungazinzi kunye nokuphazamiseka
- Ukungcangcazela (ukungcangcazela) emalungeni
- Ukudideka
- Ukuxhuzula okukhulu
Musa ukuyithatha lula le mpawu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, zinokuba yingozi ebomini.
Musa ukoyika ukuxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho
Nceda ungabi neentloni okanye ungoyiki ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba uhlangabezana nezi mpawu. Ukuxhomekeka ngokwasemzimbeni kula mayeza yinto eyaziwayo kwezonyango, kwaye ugqirha wakho uyayiqonda le nto. Ukuba ukhululekile malunga neempawu zakho, ugqirha wakho anokukunceda unciphise amayeza ngokukhuselekileyo ngokunciphisa idosi kancinci kancinci ude uyeke ngokupheleleyo.
Ukubaluleka Kokugcina Amayeza Ngokukhuselekileyo
Ngenxa yomngcipheko wokusetyenziswa gwenxa, kufuneka uwagcine la mayeza kwikhabhathi etshixiweyo nephezulu. Wagcine kude nabantwana nabakwishumi elivisayo. Olu khuseleko lunceda ekuthinteleni ukutyhefwa ngengozi okanye eminye imiphumo eyingozi ebangelwa kukusetyenziswa gwenxa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 🤒 Singenza ntoni ekhaya ukuba umntwana ukhwehlela?
Ukukhwehlela komntwana kudla ngokubangelwa lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane. Gxila ekugcineni umntwana emanzi ngokwaneleyo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba uphumla ngokwaneleyo. Nceda ukhumbule, ungaze umnike isiraphu yokukhwehlela ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Amanye amayeza amadala anokuba nezinto ezithomalalisa umzimba ezifana neebarbiturates ezinokuchaphazela ukuphefumla. Yiyo loo nto ukuqonda la mayeza kubalulekile.
💬 🛑 Ingaba kuyingozi ukuba umntwana ulele kakhulu emva kokusela isiraphu yokukhwehlela?
Ewe, kufuneka ukhathazeke kakhulu. Amanye amayeza okukhwehlela aqulethe izithako ezicinezela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Ngaphambili, ii-barbiturates zazisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifomyula ezinjalo zokuthomalalisa. Nangona zingasetyenziselwa ukukhwehlela namhlanje, kubalulekile ukuba abazali baqaphele olu didi lwamayeza.
💬 💊 Ingaba kulungile ukuthenga amayeza okukhwehlela kumntwana ngaphandle kwekhawuntara?
Akunjalo konke konke. Ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 amayeza okukhwehlela ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha kunokuba yingozi. Iikhemikhali ezithile kwamanye amayeza zinokuba nemiphumo emibi efana neyee-barbiturates. Nceda ufunde eli nqaku ukuze uqonde ukuba ziyintoni ii-barbiturates kunye nendlela ezichaphazela ngayo umzimba.
