Ngaba wakha weva ngegama elithi 'umhlaza we-bile duct'? Nangona eli gama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga, lo ngumhlaza owenzeka kwinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomzimba wethu enceda kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya. Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika xa usiva igama elinje. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale meko, i-cholangiocarcinoma, ngendlela elula, ecacileyo, neqondakalayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni umhlaza we-bile duct?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi ducts zenyongo. Zicinge njengeetyhubhu ezincinci ezithwala ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'bile' oluvela esibindini sethu ukuya kwi-gallbladder kunye namathumbu amancinci. Le nyongo inceda ekugayeni amafutha ekutyeni esikutyayo.
Ngoko ke, umhlaza we-bile duct kuxa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ngaphakathi kwezi duct ze-bile ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo.
Kwabanye abantu, unyango lunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo lo mhlaza. Kwabanye, kusenokungabi lula ukuwuphelisa ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unokufuna ukuqhubeka ufumana unyango olufana ne-chemotherapy kunye ne-radiation ukulawula umhlaza. Ukuba nolwazi olupheleleyo ngale nto, kunye nokuthetha ngayo nogqirha wakho, iqela lakho lezonyango, kunye nabantu obathandayo, kuya kukunika amandla amakhulu okujongana nalo mngeni.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zomhlaza we-bile duct?
Oogqirha bahlula lo mhlaza ngokwendawo oqala kuyo. Ukuze ukuqonde kakuhle oku, jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lwe-Extrahepatic | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lukwanokunyangeka lula. Lwahlulwe lwahlulwahlulwa lube ziindidi ezimbini: - Umhlaza we-perihilar: Uhlobo olwenzeka apho imibhobho yenyongo yasekunene neyasekhohlo yesibindi idibana khona. - Umhlaza osuka kude: Uhlobo oluvela apho i-common bile duct idlula khona kwi-pancreas. |
| Uhlobo lwe-intrahepatic | Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga. Olu hlobo lubonwa kuphela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-10% yabemi. |
Zithini izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela ukuba kubekho lo mhlaza?
Unobangela ochanekileyo walo mhlaza awukafunyanwa. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nawo. Ngokukodwa, ukudumba ixesha elide yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko.
Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibangela umngcipheko:
- I-Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Oku kukudumba kwexesha elide kwemisele yenyongo. Oku kubangela amanxeba kwimisele yenyongo. Abantu abaninzi abanale meko banesifo se-Ulcerative Colitis, ukudumba kwamathumbu amakhulu.
- Amatye e-bile duct: La ayafana namatye enyongo, kodwa mancinci kakhulu ngobukhulu.
- Ii-cysts ze-Choledochal: Abanye abantu bazalwa benale meko. Ezi zii-cysts ezifana neengxowa ezizaliswe yi-bile eyenzeka ecaleni kwemibhobho ye-bile. Ukuba azinyangwa, ezi zinokuba ngumhlaza.
- Ukosuleleka yintsholongwane yesibindi: Oku kunqabile eSri Lanka, kodwa kuxhaphakile kumazwe aseAsia. Kubangelwa kukutya intlanzi eluhlaza okanye engaphekwanga kakuhle eyosulelwe ziimpethu ezirhubuluzayo.
- I-Cirrhosis: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunye nezifo ezifana ne-hepatitis kunokonakalisa isibindi kwaye kubangele amanxeba. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza we-bile duct.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onezi zinto ezinobungozi oza kuba nomhlaza. Ngokufanayo, umntu ongenazo naziphi na ezi zinto zinobungozi unokufumana lo mhlaza.
Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi
- Ukutyeba kakhulu
- Isifo seswekile
- I-hepatitis yentsholongwane
- Ukusela kakhulu
- Isifo samathumbu esidumbileyo (njengesifo sikaCrohn kunye ne-Ulcerative colitis)
Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-bile duct?
Iimpawu zalo mhlaza zisenokungabonakali kwizigaba zokuqala, kodwa njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ezi mpawu zinokubonakala.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukutyheli kolusu namehlo (i-Jaundice) | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Luvela xa imibhobho yenyongo ivalekile kwaye inyongo iqokelelana emzimbeni. |
| Intlungu yesisu okanye yamathumbu | Kusenokubakho iintlungu kwicala eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu. |
| Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo | Olunye uphawu oluvela kwi-yellow fever. |
| Indle enemibala ekhanyayo kunye nomchamo omnyama | Indle iba nombala okhanyayo kuba inyongo ayifunxwa emathunjini. Kwakhona, umchamo uba nombala omnyama kuba inyongo ikhutshwa emzimbeni. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Umkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, ukungabi namdla wokutya, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba, kunye nokudinwa kakhulu. |
Kubalulekile: Ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango. Ngoko ke, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Yenziwa njani le nto yokuxilonga?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala enze uvavanyo lomzimba aze akubuze ngembali yakho yempilo, imbali yosapho lwakho yomhlaza, kunye nendlela yokuphila (njengokusela utywala nokutshaya). Emva koko, banokwenza uvavanyo oluthile ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunceda ukujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi kunye nokujonga iimpawu zethumba.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-ultrasound yesisu, i-CT scan, okanye i-MRI scan inokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho ithumba, ubungakanani balo, kunye nendawo elikuyo.
- I-Endoscopy: Oku kuquka ukujonga ngaphakathi emzimbeni usebenzisa ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo. Kukho iimvavanyo ezithile ezininzi ezinokwenziwa ngale ndlela.
- I-ERCP (i-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography): I-endoscope isetyenziselwa ukufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kwimibhobho yenyongo kunye nokuthatha ii-X-ray ukujonga iithumba.
- I-Cholangioscopy:Le ndlela inceda ukubona ngqo ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yenyongo.
- I-Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo oluqinisekileyo oluqinisekisa isifo. Kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lezicubu kwi-bile duct lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ungadinga unyango olunye okanye ngaphezulu.
- Utyando: Ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwisigaba sokuqala, utyando lunokususa inxalenye yomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokufuneka kususwe inxalenye ye-bile duct, inxalenye yesibindi, i-gallbladder, okanye ii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane.
- Unyango ngemitha: Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli eziseleyo emva kotyando.
- Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza okubulala iiseli zomhlaza. La mayeza anokunikwa njengeepilisi okanye ngemithambo yegazi (emthanjeni).
- Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwinyongo: Ukuba umbhobho wenyongo uvaliwe, umbhobho omncinci obizwa ngokuba yi-stent ungafakwa ukuvumela inyongo ukuba ihambe. Oku kunokunciphisa iimpawu ezifana ne-jaundice.
- Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: Olu lunyango olungaqhelekanga. Kwezinye iimeko, lunokunyanga nomhlaza.
Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kunye nempilo-ntle yengqondo
Nangona unyangwa umhlaza, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukuhlala usempilweni kangangoko unako.
- Kuphephe utywala nokutshaya: Ukuyeka zombini ezi ndlela kuya kukunceda kakhulu ekubuyeleni kwimeko yakho yokuchacha.
- Ukuzilolonga: Kuqhelekile ukuziva udiniwe ngenxa yomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuqalisa inkqubo yokuzilolonga elula efanelekileyo kuwe. Nokuba yinto elula njengokuhamba yanele.
- Inkxaso yengqondo: Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxhalabile ngekamva xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza. Ukuthetha ngale nto nomntu omthembayo (ilungu losapho, umhlobo, umcebisi) kunokukunceda uzive uzithembile ngakumbi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Cholangiocarcinoma ngumhlaza owenzeka kwimibhobho yethu yenyongo.
- Qaphela iimpawu ezinje ngokutyheli kolusu namehlo, iintlungu zesisu, umchamo omnyama, kunye nendle enombala okhanyayo.
- Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ungoyiki, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko, kwaye ungazami ukuzixilonga kwi-intanethi.
- Iindlela zonyango ziyahluka ngokwesigulana ngasinye. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela unyango olulungele wena.
- Awuwedwa kolu hambo. Fumana inkxaso kwiqela lakho lezonyango, kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo.
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