Ubumfama: Masazi-Nirogi Lanka

Amehlo akho afana namatye anqabileyo, akunjalo? Cinga ngendlela ebekuya kutshintsha ngayo ubomi ukuba kwenzeke into ethile embonweni wakho, ekuvumela ukuba ubone ihlabathi. Namhlanje, siza kuxoxa ngesihloko esibalulekileyo nesihlala sisoyikisa: ubumfama. Ukuba ufumana ukulahleka kombono ngequbuliso, nceda uphathe oko njengengxamiseko yezonyango kwaye ufune unyango lobuchwephesha ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni kanye kanye ubumfama kwaye zithini iintlobo zabo?

Ngamafutshane, ubumfama kukulahlekelwa yimbono. Kwabanye, oku kuthetha ukungakwazi ukubona ukukhanya konke konke. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko ayinakulungiswa ngeeglasi, iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, amayeza, okanye iinkqubo zotyando.

Makhe sijonge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobumfama:

1. Ubumfama obuNgaphelelanga / Ukubona okuPhantsi

Kule meko, usenombono othile, kodwa uyaphazamiseka kakhulu kangangokuba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla iba nzima. Abaninzi babiza oku ngokuthi "Umbono Ophantsi." Usenokufumanisa ukuba ubona kuphela umbhalo omkhulu okanye umbono wakho ubonakala ungacacanga rhoqo.

2. Ubumfama obupheleleyo

Le yimeko engaqhelekanga apho ungaboni kakuhle konke konke, nto leyo ethetha ukuba awukwazi nokubona ukukhanya.

3. Ubumfama bokuzalwa

Abanye abantu bazalwa benokukhubazeka kokubona. Oku kunokubangelwa ziimeko zofuzo ezichaphazela amehlo kunye ne-retina, okanye ziingxaki ezivela ngexesha lokuzalwa.

4. Ubumfama obusemthethweni

Olu luhlelo lobuchwephesha. Uthathwa njengoyimfama ngokusemthethweni ukuba umbono wakho ophakathi, nokuba uneelensi zokulungisa ezilungileyo, ungaphantsi komda othile. Ngokwenyani, ukuze ubone into ekwiinyawo ezingama-20 umntu onombono oqhelekileyo anokuyibona kwienyawo ezingama-200, kuya kufuneka ube kufutshane kakhulu, okanye loo nto kuya kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokuphindwe kalishumi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumbono we-20/200 . Uthathwa njengoyimfama ngokusemthethweni ukuba umbono wakho ongasecaleni (okwicala) unqunyelwe kwi-engile ye-20 degrees okanye ngaphantsi.

5. Ukungaboni Ngesondlo

Le yintlekele enokuthintelwa. Ibangelwa kukunqongophala okukhulu kweVithamini A. Ukuba ayinyangwa, le ngxaki inokonakalisa umphezulu weliso lakho, imeko eyaziwa ngokuba yiXerophthalmia. Ngaphezu koko, amandla akho okubona ekukhanyeni okufipheleyo anokuncipha kakhulu kuba iiseli ezikwi-retina yakho azikwazi ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.

Cinga ngale nto: Ukutya kwakho kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni umbono wakho!

Ukuqonda Ubumfama Bombala

Usenokuba ukhe weva "ngokungaboni ngombala." Oku kwahlukile kwiintlobo zokungaboni ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Kuthetha ubunzima bokwahlula phakathi kwemibala ethile. Oku kunokuba yinto yelifa okanye kunokuvela kamva ebomini ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-retina okanye kwi-optic nerve. Ukuba ubona ihlabathi kuphela ngemibala emnyama, emhlophe, nengwevu, oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Achromatopsia.

Ubumfama Obunokuthintelwa

Oku kwenzeka xa ukulahleka kokubona kubangelwa yimeko enganyangekiyo engalungiswanga ngexesha, rhoqo ngenxa yokunqongophala kokufikelela kunyango. Umzekelo, ukuba uneDiabetes Mellitus kwaye ungayilawuli kakuhle, unokuba neDiabetic Retinopathy, enokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona. Ngokufanayo, uxinzelelo lwegazi olungalawulwayo lunokukhokelela kwiHypertensive Retinopathy.

Kuqheleke Kangakanani Ukuba Yimfama?

Ubumfama yingxaki yehlabathi kwaye ikhona kwiindawo esihlala kuzo. Ingachaphazela nabani na. Izibalo zibonisa ukuba malunga nezigidi ezingama-43 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela banengxaki yobumfama, kwaye inani elikhulu kakhulu liphila nombono ophantsi.

Ziziphi Iimpawu Zesilumkiso Zokulahlekelwa Ngumbono?

Xa ungaboni ngokupheleleyo, uphawu oluphambili kukulahlekelwa kukubona ukukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umbono uqala ukuncipha, ungaphawula ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ofipheleyo.
• Intlungu yamehlo .
• Ukubona "iiflethi" (amabala amancinci okanye imisonto eshukumayo kwindawo yakho yokubona) okanye ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
• Ukwanda kovakalelo ekukhanyeni (i-Photophobia).
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso okanye ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama embonweni wakho.

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda udibane nogqirha ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo likaxakeka elikufutshane nawe okanye kwikliniki yamehlo.

Yintoni Ebangela Ubumfama?

Zininzi izinto ezibangela ubumfama, ukususela ekwenzenikala kwamehlo ngengozi ukuya kwiintsholongwane kunye neemeko zempilo ezingaphantsi.

1. Ukulimala Kwamehlo / Ukulimala Kwamehlo

Ukulimala kweliso kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye kudla ngokuchaphazela kakhulu iliso elinye.

• Ukutsha kweekhemikhali okuvela kwizinto ezinobungozi.
• Ukuvezwa kwizinto ezinobuthi .
• Iingxabano zomzimba.
• Iingozi ezibandakanya iifireworks.
• Iingozi okanye ukuwa emsebenzini.
• Iingozi zezithuthi.
• Ukulimala okunxulumene nemidlalo.

Ezi ziganeko zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu okhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okungapheliyo.

2. Iintsholongwane

Iintlobo ngeentlobo zosulelo zingakhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okukhulu okanye ekubeni yimfama ngokupheleleyo:

• I-Trachoma: Unobangela ophambili wobumfama obunokuthintelwa kwihlabathi liphela.
• I-Cytomegalovirus ( intsholongwane ).
• I-Endophthalmitis ( i-Endophthalmitis ): Usulelo olubi ngaphakathi kwingqayi yeliso.
• I-Histoplasmosis.
• I-Keratitis: Usulelo lwe-cornea, olufana ne-Acanthamoeba I-Keratitis.
• I-Rubella.
• Iintsholongwane: Zibangelwa yintsholongwane yeHerpes Zoster.
• I-Syphilis.
• I-Toxoplasmosis.
• I-Uveitis ( Uveitis ): Ukudumba komaleko ophakathi weliso (uvea).

3. Iimeko Zezonyango Ezingasuleliyo

Ngaphandle kokosuleleka, izifo ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela umzimba zinokubangela ubumfama ukuba ziba nzima okanye azilawuleki.

• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa: Eli liqela leengxaki ezingaqhelekanga, zemfuza ezibandakanya ukuqhekeka kunye nokulahleka kweeseli kwi-retina—izicwili ezibuthathaka ekukhanyeni ezikufutshane neliso. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ezi seli ziyawohloka kancinci kancinci. Usenokubona ubunzima bokubona ebusuku, kulandele ukulahlekelwa kancinci kancinci kombono wakho ongasecaleni.
• Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD): Le meko ichaphazela i-macula, inxalenye encinci esembindini we-retina yakho enoxanduva lokubona okubukhali nokuphakathi. Xa yonakala, imisebenzi efana nokufunda okanye ukuqaphela ubuso iba nzima kakhulu, nangona ungagcina umbono wakho ongaphandle.
• I-Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Le meko idla ngokuchaphazela iintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa. Ibangela ukuba imithambo yegazi kwi-retina ikhule ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nto leyo enokubangela amanxeba kunye nomonakalo kwi-retina. Ukuba ayinyangwa, inokubangela ukuba ukubona okanye ukungaboni kakuhle.
• IiCataracts: I-cataract yenzeka xa ilensi yeliso lakho iba namafu. Oku kwenza umbono wakho ungabonakali kakuhle kwaye kunciphisa ukucaca. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ii-cataracts ezinzima zinokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okukhulu okanye ubumfama, nangona zihlala zinyangeka kakhulu ngotyando.
• I-Diabetic Retinopathy: Ukuba unesifo seswekile, iswekile ephezulu egazini inokonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka kwi-retina yakho. Nangona usenokubona utshintsho oluncinci ekuqaleni, imeko inokuqhubekela phambili ekubeni kukulahlekelwa kakhulu kukubona okanye ukungaboni ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle.
• I-Glaucoma: Eli liqela leemeko ezonakalisa i-optic nerve yakho. Idla ngokuqala ngokulahlekelwa yimbono ecaleni kwaye inokuqhubekela ekubeni yimfama ngokupheleleyo ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso alulawulwa.
• I-Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Olu luhlobo lokulahlekelwa yimbono oluzuzwe njengelifa. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, luvela rhoqo kumadoda kunakwabasetyhini, rhoqo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
• I-Anophthalmia: Le yimeko engaqhelekanga yokuzalwa apho umntwana ezalwa engenalo iliso elinye okanye omabini.
• I-Microphthalmos: Le yimeko apho elinye okanye omabini amehlo eba mancinci ngokungaqhelekanga xa ezalwa. La mehlo asenokuba nomsebenzi olinganiselweyo okanye angasebenzi kwaphela.
• Istroke: Istroke esenzeka kwinxalenye yengqondo yakho esebenza ngokubona, njenge-occipital lobe, inokubangela ukulahleka kokubona. Istroke iphazamisa ukuhanjiswa kwegazi ebuchosheni, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwiindawo zokucubungula ukubona.
• Umhlaza: Umhlaza wamehlo ofana ne-retinoblastoma, okanye iithumba ezikwisokethi yeliso (iithumba ezijikeleza i-orbital), zinokubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokubona okanye ukulahleka.
• Ukunqongophala kwesondlo: Ukutya okungondlekiyo kunokuchaphazela ukubona kwakho. Ukunqongophala kwevithamini A yeyona nto iphambili, kodwa amehlo akho afuna iivithamini ze-B ezahlukeneyo kunye neeminerali ezibalulekileyo ukuze agcine impilo entle.

Ifunyaniswa njani ubumfama?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuhlola amehlo omabini ngokucokisekileyo, kuba ubumfama ngamanye amaxesha bunokuchaphazela iliso elinye kuphela.

Uvavanyo lokuxilonga lungabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lweSnellen: Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uqhelene nale nto. Ugqirha wakho uza kukucela ukuba ufunde oonobumba kwitshathi ukude, oonobumba besiya beba ncinci kancinci. Oku kulinganisa ubuchule bakho bokubona, okanye indlela obona ngayo phambili.
• Uvavanyo lweNdawo yokubona: Indawo yakho yokubona ibandakanya okungaphezulu nje koko kuphambi kwakho ngqo. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuba ungabona kangakanani emacaleni, ngasentla, nangaphantsi ngelixa ugcina amehlo akho ejonge kwindawo ephakathi.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo zokuthintela ubumfama?

Unyango luxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisizathu esiyintloko. Ezinye iimeko zinokulawulwa ngamayeza okanye iilensi zokulungisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umonakalo mkhulu okanye uhlala uhleli, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwi-rehabilitation yokubona. Injongo yale nkqubo kukukunceda ukuba ubone kakuhle kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho, okukuvumela ukuba uhlale uzimele. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya uqeqesho lokubona kancinci, unyango, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokubona kancinci.

Unyango lweengxaki ezahlukeneyo zamehlo:

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo, ukhetho luquka:

• Amayeza: Ezinye izifo ezisongela ukubona zinokunyangwa ngamayeza okulwa nosulelo.
• Utyando lweCataract: Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-cataracts inokunyangeka ngempumelelo ngotyando oluqhelekileyo.
• Ukufakelwa kweCorneal: Ukuba i-cornea yakho yonakele okanye inezibazi, ugqirha unokukwazi ukwenza utyando ukuze abuyisele ukucaca.
• Utyando lweRetina: Iindlela zotyando eziphambili kunye nonyango lwelaser zinokulungisa okanye ziqinise izicubu ezonakeleyo zeretina.
• Izongezo zeVithamini: Izongezo zinokunceda ekubuyiseleni iingxaki zokubona ezibangelwa kukusilela, njengeXerophthalmia (ukungabikho kweVithamini A) okanye ezinye iingxaki zamehlo ezinxulumene namanqanaba aphantsi evithamini B okanye D.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba yimfama?

Nangona ezinye izinto ezibangela ubumfama zingenakuphepheka, ezininzi zinokuthintelwa.

Imibutho yezempilo yehlabathi iyasebenza ngokukhutheleyo ukuphelisa ubumfama obunokuthintelwa obubangelwa zizifo ezifana neTrachoma ngokuqinisekisa ukufikelela kumayeza nonyango.

Kwinqanaba lomntu ngamnye, ungawunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokulahlekelwa ngumbono ngokuthatha la manyathelo:

• Cwangcisa uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo. Landela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho malunga nokuhlalwa rhoqo kwamehlo akho. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho okanye uvakalelwa kukuba kukho into engalunganga, qhagamshelana nengcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
• Nxiba iiglasi zakho ezimiselweyo okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano njengoko kuyalelwe.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, gcina iswekile yakho egazini iphantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo. Kwakhona, lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ngokufanelekileyo.
• Nxiba izibuko zokukhusela amehlo xa usebenza, ukhwele ibhayisekile, okanye udlala imidlalo echukumisayo. Ungalibali ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga ukuze ukhusele i-UV.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunokulinganisela.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike isicwangciso sokomelela esifanela iimfuno zakho zempilo.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
• Hlala unolwazi ngembali yezonyango yosapho lwakho.
• Yeka ukutshaya. Ukuba awutshayi, ungaze uqalise.
• Ziqhelise ucoceko oluhle ngee-contact lenses. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba uzichukumise ukuze uphephe izifo, kwaye ulandele ngokungqongqo ishedyuli yokutshintsha ecetyiswe ngumboneleli wakho.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa uphila nokulahlekelwa yimbono?

Ukuba ubona kancinci okanye ngokupheleleyo, yazi ukuba kukho izixhobo ezinokukunceda. Ukuzifundisa ngemeko yakho ethile linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo.

Ukulahlekelwa kukubona akuchaphazeli wena wedwa kodwa kuchaphazela nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo. Kunokuchaphazela ukuhambahamba kwakho, ukuzimela, umsebenzi, kunye nemisebenzi yokuzonwabisa. Olu hlengahlengiso lunokuba lunzima kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo malunga neenkonzo zenkxaso kunye nezixhobo ezinokukunceda uphile ubomi obungaboni kakuhle. Ezi nkonzo zingabandakanya:

• Inkxaso yemfundo.
• Ingcebiso ngempilo yengqondo.
• Uqeqesho lwezakhono zobomi bemihla ngemihla.
• Uqeqesho lobuchwepheshe kunye nezixhobo zokuncedisa.
• Ezinye iindlela zokuzonwabisa nezokuzonwabisa.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga neengxaki zokubona?

Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yamehlo.
• Nakuphi na ukwenzakala okuchaphazela umbono wakho.
• Ukubonakala kokukhanya okutsha okanye ukwanda kwezinto ezidadayo kwindawo yakho yokubona.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kungokwemvelo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi xa uxoxa ngempilo yamehlo akho. Usenokubuza ugqirha wakho oku kulandelayo:

• Ngaba kukho naluphi na unyango olufumanekayo lokulahlekelwa kwam umbono?
• Ngaba ndingumgqatswa wezovavanyo lweklinikhi ezikhoyo ngoku?
• Ukuba ukulahleka kokubona kwam kuhlala kuhleli, zeziphi iinkonzo zenkxaso ezikhoyo zokundinceda ndiphile ubomi bemihla ngemihla?
• Ungacebisa iqela lenkxaso kubantu abatshintsha umbono wabo?

Ukufumana uxilongo olunxulumene nokulahlekelwa kukubona kunokuba ngamava eemvakalelo ngenxa yempembelelo yalo ebalulekileyo ebomini bakho. Ukubeka phambili iimfuno zakho zenkxaso yeemvakalelo neyokusebenza kubalulekile. Iqela lakho lezempilo eNirogi Lanka lilapha ukuphendula imibuzo yakho kwaye libonelele ngezixhobo ozidingayo ukuze ugcine umgangatho wobomi uphezulu kangangoko.

Isishwankathelo kunye neeNgcebiso ezibalulekileyo

Nangona ukukhubazeka kokubona kuyingxaki enkulu yezonyango, ukwazi, ukubonwa kwangethuba, kunye nokufikelela kunyango olukhethekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kuseyeyona nyathelo libalulekileyo ekulawuleni impilo yamehlo akho.

Khumbula, amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu, kwaye kuninzi onokukwenza ukuwakhusela. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo , indlela yokuphila enempilo, kunye nokufuna ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza xa kukho uphawu lokuqala lwengxaki kubalulekile. Nceda ungaziva udiniwe; namhlanje, kukho ulwazi oluninzi kunye nenkxaso yobungcali ekhoyo ukukunceda uhambe kuyo yonke inyathelo lendlela.