Amehlo akho afana namatye anqabileyo, akunjalo? Ubuya kuziva njani ukuba bekuza kwenzeka into kula mehlo mabini asinceda sibone ihlabathi? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko abantu abaninzi abasoyikayo, kwaye sikwabaluleke kakhulu. Oko kukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo okanye inxalenye yombono, okanye njengoko oogqirha besibiza njalo, ubumfama. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ulahlekelwa yimbono yakho ngequbuliso, yimeko engxamisekileyo, kwaye kufuneka ufune ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Yintoni kanye kanye ubumfama? Zithini iintlobo zabo?

Ngamafutshane, ubumfama kukungakwazi ukubona nantoni na. Abanye abantu basenokungakwazi nokubona ukukhanya. Kwakhona, lo mbono usenokungabuyiselwa nokuba usebenzisa iiglasi, iilensi zokunxibelelana, amaconsi amehlo, okanye utyando. Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zobumfama.

1. Ubumfama obuNgaphelelanga / Ukubona okuPhantsi

Kwimeko enjalo, unombono othile. Awuboni kakuhle, kodwa umbono wakho awubonakali kakuhle kangangokuba kwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Abantu abaninzi bakubiza oku ngokuthi "umbono ophantsi." Usenokubona oonobumba abakhulu kuphela, okanye umbono wakho usenokuba mfiliba.

2. Ubumfama obupheleleyo

Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kule meko, awukwazi ukubona nantoni na okanye ukuva ukukhanya.

3. Ubumfama bokuzalwa

Abanye abantwana bazalwa benokukhubazeka kokubona. Oku kunokubangelwa zizifo zamehlo neze-retina ezizuzwe njengelifa, okanye ezinye iingxaki ezenzeka ekuzalweni.

4. Ubumfama obusemthethweni

Eli ligama lobuchwephesha. Lithetha ukuba nokuba unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana kwiliso lakho elilungileyo, umbono wakho ophakathi uncitshiswa uye kwinqanaba elithile. Ukuchaneka, ukuze ubone into umntu aqhele ukuyibona xa umgama weenyawo ezingama-200, kuya kufuneka usondele malunga neenyawo ezingama-20, okanye loo nto kuya kufuneka ikhuliswe izihlandlo ezilishumi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumbono we-'20/200' . Kwakhona, ungathathwa njengoyimfama ngokusemthethweni nokuba umbono wakho ongaphandle, ongumlinganiselo wombono onokuwubona emacaleni, ungaphantsi kwama-20 degrees.

5. Ukungaboni Ngesondlo

Le yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu. Le meko ibangelwa kukunqongophala kweVithamini A. Ukuba ukunqongophala kweVithamini A kuyaqhubeka, umphezulu ongaphambili weliso unokonakala. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Xerophthalmia)`. Ayipheleli apho, kodwa umbono unokuncipha nasebusuku okanye kwiimeko zokukhanya okuphantsi, kuba iiseli kwi-retina azisebenzi kakuhle.

Khawucinge nje: kubaluleke kangakanani ukuzikhusela amehlo ethu ngokunyamekela ukutya nokusela kwethu!

Masifunde kancinci malunga nokungaboni imibala.

Usenokuba ukhe weva "ngobumfama bombala." Oku akufani kakhulu nobumfama esibukhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Yimeko apho ubona imibala ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabanye abantu. Usenokuba nobunzima bokwahlula imibala ethile. Oku kunokubangelwa lilifa, okanye kunokuvela kamva ebomini ngenxa yomonakalo kwi-retina okanye kwi-optic nerve. Ukuba ubona umnyama, umhlophe, kunye nongwevu kuphela, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-achromatopsia.

Ubumfama Obunokuthintelwa

Oku kuthetha ukuba ubumfama bubangelwa sisifo esinokunyangwa, kodwa umntu akafumani naluphi na unyango. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isizathu soku kukungabikho kokufikelela kunyango lwamehlo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu onesifo seswekile ``(Diabetes Mellitus)`` akanyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, isifo se-retina esibangelwa sisifo seswekile ``(Diabetic Retinopathy)`` sinokuvela size siphelelwe liliso. Ngokufanayo, ukuba umntu onoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ``(Hypertension)`` akanyangwa, isifo se-retina esibangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ``(Hypertensive Retinopathy)`` sinokuvela.

Kuxhaphake kangakanani ubumfama?

Enyanisweni, ubumfama yinto ebonwa kwihlabathi liphela, kuquka nelizwe lethu. Inokwenzeka nakubani na. Izibalo zithi malunga nezigidi ezingama-43 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela banengxaki yobumfama. Abantu abaninzi ngakumbi banengxaki yokungaboni kakuhle.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba umntu ungaboni?

Kwi-total blindness, uphawu oluphambili kukungakwazi ukubona nantoni na nokungaziva ukukhanya. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukubona kuncipha kancinci kancinci, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Intlungu yamehlo .
• Iintaba ezidadayo kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo.
• Uloyiko lokukhanya (i-Photophobia).
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso, okanye ukubonakala kwamabala amnyama phambi kwamehlo.

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko, kulungile?

Kutheni le nto kukho ubumfama? Zithini izizathu?

Zininzi izinto ezibangela ubumfama. Ukulimala kwamehlo, usulelo, kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo zonke ezinokubangela oku.

1. Ukulimala Kwamehlo / Ukulimala Kwamehlo

Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenzakala kweliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuchaphazela iliso elinye kuphela.

• Ukutsha kweekhemikhali .
• Izinto ezinobungozi emehlweni.
• Ukuxabana.
• Ngenxa yezinto ezifana neecrackers.
• Izinto ezifana neengozi kunye nokuwa emsebenzini.
• Iingozi zezithuthi.
• Iingozi xa udlala imidlalo.

Izinto ezinje zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni kunye nokulahlekelwa yimbono.

2. Iintsholongwane kunye nokungaboni

Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zinokubangela nokulahlekelwa yimbono, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokuba yimfama.

• I-Trachoma: Le yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ubumfama obunokuthintelwa ehlabathini.
• I-Cytomegalovirus .
• I-Endophthalmitis : Usulelo olukhulu ngaphakathi kweliso.
• I-Histoplasmosis.
• I-Keratitis: Usulelo lwe-cornea, umzekelo, i-Acanthamoeba I-Keratitis.
• I-Rubella.
• Iishingles: Imeko ebangelwa yintsholongwane ye-herpes zoster.
• I-Syphilis.
• I-Toxoplasmosis.
• I-Uveitis : Ukudumba komgangatho ophakathi weliso (uvea).

3. Ezinye izifo ezingezosuleleko

Ukungaboni kungabangelwa nazizifo ezithile, ngaphandle kokosuleleka. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye izifo, oku kwenzeka kuphela xa isifo sinzima kakhulu.

• I-Retinitis Pigmentosa: Eli liqela lezifo ezichaphazela iiseli ezibona ukukhanya kwi-retina. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ezi seli ziyatshatyalaliswa kancinci kancinci. Okokuqala, umbono wasebusuku uyancitshiswa, uze emva koko umbono ongaphandle uyalahleka.
• Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD): Oku kuchaphazela i-macula, inxalenye ye-retina ebalulekileyo kumbono ophakathi. Xa umbono ophakathi ulahlekile kakhulu, izinto ezifana nokufunda iincwadi nokubona ubuso babantu ziba nzima kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umbono ongaphandle uhlala ugcinwa.
• I-Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP): Oku kubonakala kwezinye iintsana ezingekafiki ixesha . Imithambo yegazi emehlweni abo ikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho izicubu ezibomvu kwaye yonakalise i-retina. Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okukhulu kwanokuba yimfama.
• IiCataracts: IiCataracts zibangelwa kukufiphala kwelensi yeliso. Oku kubangela ukubona okufipheleyo kunye nokungacaci kakuhle. Ukuba oku akunyangelwa ngotyando, kunokukhokelela ekubeni ube yimfama ukuba iba qatha.
• I-Retinopathy yesifo seswekile:Le meko inokwenzeka xa imithambo yegazi elisweni yonakele kumntu onesifo seswekile. Ekuqaleni, ukubona kunokuncipha kancinci, kodwa ukuba isifo siyaqhubeka okanye asinyangwa, sinokukhokelela ekubeni yimfama.
• I-Glaucoma: Le yimeko apho umthambo wokubona wonakele khona. Ekuqaleni, ukubona emehlweni omabini kuqala ukuncipha, kwaye njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ubumfama bunokubakho.
• I-Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Esi sisifo sokulahlekelwa yimbono esidluliselwa kwilifa, esiqhubekekayo. Ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo, sichaphazela abafana ngaphezu kwamantombazana.
• I-Anophthalmia: Kule meko, iliso elinye okanye omabini awabonakali kwasekuzalweni.
• I-Microphthalmos: Le yimeko apho amehlo ezalwa emancinci kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha la mehlo mancinci awasebenzi kakuhle, okanye angasebenzi kwaphela.
• Istroke: Istroke inokubangela ukulahleka kombono ukuba inxalenye yengqondo ebandakanyeka ekuboneni, njenge-occipital lobe, yonakele. Ngexesha lestroke, ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni kuyancipha okanye kunqunyulwe ngokupheleleyo.
• Umhlaza: Umhlaza wamehlo ofana ne-retinoblastoma okanye ii-orbital tumors nazo zinokubangela ubumfama.
• Ukunqongophala kwesondlo: Ukungatyi kakuhle kunokubangela ukulahleka kombono. Ukunqongophala kweVithamin A yenye yezizathu. IVithamin B kunye nezinye iiminerali nazo ziyafuneka ukuze ubone kakuhle.

Ungayibona njani into yokuba ubumfama?

Ugqirha uza kuhlola amehlo akho omabini ngononophelo, kuba ubumfama bunokuchaphazela iliso elinye kuphela. Ezi mvavanyo zingabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lweSnellen: Usenokuba uqhelene nalo. Ugqirha ukucela ukuba ujonge ibhodi enoonobumba uze ufunde imigca yoonobumba abancipha kancinci kancinci. Oku kulinganisa umbono wakho ophakathi, obu bubuchule bakho bokubona.
• Uvavanyo lweMigca yokuBona: IMigca yokuBona ayikokukubona nje phambili. Ilinganisa ubungakanani bokubona emacaleni, ngaphezulu nangaphantsi ngaphandle kokuhambisa amehlo akho.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokubona ubumfama?

Uhlobo lonyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho. Ezinye iintlobo zobumfama zinokulawulwa ngamayeza okanye iiglasi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko, ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kombono okanye umonakalo opheleleyo emehlweni, azinakunyangeka. Kwimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwi-rehabilitation yokubona. Injongo kukukunceda ufumane okuninzi kumbono wakho oseleyo kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho ukuze ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngoqeqesho olukhethekileyo, unyango, kunye nezixhobo ezingaboni kakuhle.

Unyango lweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobumfama:

Ezinye izifo zobumfama zinonyango oluxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo emehlweni.

• Amayeza: Amanye amatyala okungaboni abangelwa zizifo anokunyangwa ngamayeza okulwa nosulelo.
• Utyando lweCataract: Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-cataracts inokunyangeka ngempumelelo ngotyando.
• Ukufakelwa kweCorneal: Ugqirha unokufakela i-cornea entsha ukuze athathe indawo ye-cornea eyonakeleyo.
• Utyando lweRetina: Utyando kunye/okanye unyango lwelaser lunokukwazi ukulungisa izicubu ezonakeleyo zeretina.
• Izongezo zeVithamini: Ukusela iVithamini A kunokunceda ekulungiseni ezinye zeengxaki zokubona ezibangelwa yi-xerophthalmia. Iingxaki zokubona ezibangelwa kukutya okungafanelekanga zinokufuna izongezo zeVithamini B okanye iVithamini D.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuba yimfama?

Ezinye iintlobo zobumfama azinakuthintelwa. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lobumfama lunokuthintelwa. Abanye oorhulumente kunye nemibutho basebenza ukunqanda ubumfama obubangelwa zizifo ezinokuthintelwa, ezifana ne-trachoma. Benza amayeza afumaneke ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Kumntu ngamnye, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nobumfama obungaphelelanga okanye obupheleleyo:

• Jonga amehlo akho rhoqo . Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uhlolwe kangaphi. Soloko ubona ugqirha wamehlo ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho okanye uqaphela nantoni na engaqhelekanga emehlweni akho.
• Sebenzisa iiglasi zakho kunye neelensi zokunxibelelana ngokufanelekileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, lawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho. Ukuba unesifo segazi esiphezulu, lawula naso.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa usebenza, ukhwele ibhayisekile, okanye udlala imidlalo echukumisayo. Ungalibali ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunokulinganisela.
• Zilolonge ngokwaneleyo. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nesicwangciso sokuzilolonga esifanelekileyo kuwe.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Qaphela iingxaki zempilo zosapho lwakho.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka, okanye ungaze uqalise.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo xa unxibe iilensi zokunxibelelana ukuze uphephe ukosuleleka emehlweni. Kwakhona, landela imiyalelo yokuba kufuneka uzitshintshe kangaphi.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa uphila nobumfama?

Ukuba uyimfama ngokupheleleyo okanye kancinci, kukho iindlela onokukhetha kuzo ukuze ufumane uncedo. Ukufunda okuninzi kangangoko unako malunga nemeko yakho kunokukunceda. Ukuphila nobumfama kuchaphazela ubomi bakho kunye nobomi bosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo. Kuchaphazela indlela ohamba ngayo, indlela ozikhathalela ngayo, indlela okhathalela ngayo abanye, umsebenzi wakho - kunye nendlela ophumla ngayo kwaye wonwabe ngayo. Ezinye zezi ngxaki zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kubantu abadala. Buza ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngeendlela zokukunceda uphile ungaboni kakuhle okanye ungaboni kwaphela, okanye malunga neenkonzo ezinokukunceda. Ezi nkonzo zingabandakanya:

• Imfundo.
• Inkxaso yempilo yengqondo.
• Uqeqesho lwezakhono.
• Uqeqesho lobugcisa.
• Iindlela zokuzonwabisa.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha malunga neengxaki zokubona?

Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko kwezi meko zilandelayo:

• Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona.
• Ukuba uneentlungu zamehlo .
• Ukuba kukho ingozi echaphazela umbono wakho.
• Ukuba uqala ukubona ukukhanya okanye izinto ezintsha zihamba phambi kwamehlo akho.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Uza kuba nemibuzo emininzi ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha wakho. Le ingaquka:

• Ngaba obu bumfama bunganyangwa?
• Ngaba ndiyafaneleka ukuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi?
• Ukuba obu bumpumputhe abunakunyangwa, zeziphi iinkonzo endiza kuzifuna?
• Ungacebisa iqela lenkxaso?

Ukuva uxilongo lokuba ubumfama kunokuba ngamava achukumisayo kakhulu, xa ucinga ngempembelelo ekuyo ebomini bakho. Kubalulekile kwaye kuyasebenza ukufumana lonke uncedo olufunayo. Iqela lakho lezempilo likho ukuphendula imibuzo yakho kwaye likunike izixhobo ozidingayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unobomi obusemgangathweni ophezulu kangangoko.

Isishwankathelo kunye nezinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, nangona ubumfama buyinto enzulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uyiqaphele, uyiqaphele kwangethuba, kwaye ufune unyango oluyimfuneko.

Khumbula, amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu. Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze uwakhusele. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo , indlela yokuphila enempilo, kunye nokufuna iingcebiso zonyango kwangethuba ukuba ubona naziphi na iingxaki zezona zinto zibalulekileyo. Ungakhathazeki, ungafumana inkxaso nolwazi olufunekayo ukuze ujongane nayo nayiphi na into kule mihla.