Khawuthelekelele ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa ngumbono omncinci kwelinye iliso, kwaye uziva neentlungu xa ushukumisa iliso lakho. Mhlawumbi awuboni imibala kakuhle njengangaphambili, ibonakala ngathi iphelile kancinci. Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kancinci xa kwenzeka into efana nale. Ezi ziimpawu eziphambili zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Optic Neuritis esithetha ngaso namhlanje. Nangona oku kungathethwa rhoqo, kubaluleke kakhulu kuthi sonke ukuba sikuqaphele kuba kuchaphazela ukubona kwethu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Optic Neuritis?
I-Optic Neuritis (ON) yimeko ye-neurological . Ibangelwa kukudumba kwe-optic nerve , i-nerve edibanisa amehlo ethu nengqondo yethu. Cinga nge-optic nerve 'njengocingo' oluthwala imiyalezo esuka emehlweni ethu ukuya engqondweni yethu. Olu 'cingo' lulo oluthumela ulwazi esilubonayo engqondweni yethu, lusixelela ukuba, "Owu, oku kuyamangalisa."
Ezi seli zemithambo-luvo zinesigqubuthelo samafutha esizijikelezileyo. Sifana nocingo olune-insulation ejikelezileyo. Sibiza oku ngokuba yi-myelin sheath. Xa kuvela i-Optic Neuritis, esi sigqubuthelo se-myelin esikhuselayo siyonakala. Emva koko imiyalezo ehamba ngaloo cingo ayidluli kakuhle. Imiyalezo iyabhideka. Yiyo loo nto esi sifo sibangela ukulahleka kombono , iintlungu, kunye nezinye iingxaki zokubona .
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-Optic Neuritis?
Le meko inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Uhlobo ngalunye lwahlukile kancinci. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Okuqhelekileyo | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Ludla ngokuchaphazela iliso elinye kuphela. Nokuba alunyangwa, uninzi lwabantu luyaphila kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha ngokuqinisekileyo bacebisa unyango ngenxa yezinye izizathu. |
| Ayiqhelekanga | Olu hlobo ludla ngokuchaphazela amehlo omabini. Kwakhona alupholi ngokukhawuleza. Uphando lufumanise ukuba le meko inokunxulunyaniswa nezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo ezintsonkothileyo. |
| I-Pediatric (uhlobo oluvela kubantwana abancinci) | Olu luhlobo lwe-Optic Neuritis oluvela ebantwaneni abancinci. Nangona lufana nezinye iintlobo ezimbini, kukho umahluko obalulekileyo. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba olu hlobo lunokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo. |
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu ze-Optic Neuritis phantse zonke zinxulumene namehlo ethu kunye nokubona kwethu. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi mpawu zibangelwa kukonakala komthambo ongasemva kwebhola yeliso (`retrobulbar`). Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso Elula |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yamehlo | Olu luphawu oluphambili. Abantu abangaphezu kwama-90% bayayiva le ntlungu. Intlungu iyanda ngakumbi xa ushukumisa amehlo . Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga, intlungu ingaphela ngokupheleleyo. |
| Ukuncipha kobuchule bokubona | Oku kuthetha ukuba ubona izinto zingacacanga kwaye zingacacanga. Ukuchaneka, ukubona kwakho kuyancipha. Oku kunokuba nzima ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci. |
| Ukulahleka kwenxalenye yoluhlu lokubona | Kulapho ulahlekelwa ngumsantsa okanye inxalenye yentsimi yakho yokubona. Kwi-Optic Neuritis, lo msantsa udla ngokuvela embindini wembono yakho. |
| Ukungaboni kombala (iDyschromatopsia) | Oku kuyenzeka nakubantu abaninzi. Imibala ayibonakali ngendlela ekufanele ibonakale ngayo. Ibonakala ifiphele kwaye ingabonakali. Kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukwahlula umbala obomvu . |
Yintoni ebangela i-Optic Neuritis?
Ngoku siyazi ukuba i-Optic Neuritis ibangelwa kukudumba kwe-optic nerve. Ngoko ke kukho izizathu ezininzi ezinokubangela oku kudumba .
Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nokuvuvukala
Yile nto abaphandi bacinga ukuba yeyona nto iphambili. Isifo sokuzikhusela komzimba sibangelwa kukuba inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba , ihlasela iiseli zethu ezilungileyo ngempazamo.
- I-Optic Neuritis eqhelekileyo: Olu hlobo ludla ngokunxulunyaniswa nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiMultiple Sclerosis (MS) . Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi baqala ukufunyanwa bene-MS xa befumana i-Optic Neuritis. Kufunyenwe ukuba malunga nama-50% abantu abafumana i-Optic Neuritis baya kuba ne-MS kwiminyaka eli-15.
- I-Atypical Optic Neuritis: Olu hlobo lunxulunyaniswa nezinye izifo ezizikhuselayo emzimbeni ezifana ne -Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) kunye nesifo esinxulumene ne-MOG-antibody (MOGAD) .
Iintsholongwane
Iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo zingonakalisa nemithambo-luvo. Oku kunjalo nakwimithambo-luvo. Iintsholongwane zinokubangela i-Optic Neuritis kubantwana abancinci.
- Usulelo lweentsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-chickenpox, i-herpes, i-cytomegalovirus, i-HIV, iintsholongwane ezithwalwa ziingcongconi, kunye ne-masisi.
- Usulelo lweebhaktheriya: Umkhuhlane weekati, isifo seLyme, isifo sephepha, kunye ne-syphilis.
- Usulelo lwefungus: Usulelo lwefungus olufana neCryptococcosis kunye neCandidiasis.
- Izifo ezibangelwa ziincukuthu: I-Toxoplasmosis, edluliselwa ziikati, kunye ne-Toxocariasis, edluliselwa zizinja.
Amanye amayeza kunye neetyhefu
Amanye amayeza kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi esizisebenzisayo nazo zinokubangela oku.
- Amayeza anikwa izifo ezithile (umz. i-ethambutol).
- Amayeza okunciphisa isigqi sentliziyo (umz. i-amiodarone).
- Amayeza emalariya (umz. i-chloroquine, i-hydroxychloroquine).
- Amayeza okulwa nomhlaza.
- Icuba kunye neemveliso ze-nicotine.
- Utywala kunye ne-methanol.
Ezinye izizathu
- Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi (ischemia):Ukuba i-optic nerve ayifumani igazi elifunekayo, iiseli ze-nerve zinokonakala.
- Ukunqongophala kweevithamini: Ukunqongophala kwevithamini B12 ngokukodwa kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu nongapheliyo kwimithambo-luvo.
- Ukucinezelwa kwemithambo-luvo: Ukucinezelwa kwemithambo-luvo ye-optic ngenxa yethumba lobuchopho okanye esinye isizathu.
- Isifo seswekile (Uhlobo lwesibini lweswekile): Ukuba isifo seswekile asilawulwa, umngcipheko wokonakala kwemithambo-luvo ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini uphezulu.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko?
Izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-Optic Neuritis.
- Isini: Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lunokwenzeka ngakumbi kubasetyhini kunamadoda, ngelixa uhlobo olungaqhelekanga luxhaphake kakhulu kumadoda.
- Ubudala: Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40. Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50.
- Uhlanga: Abantu abamhlophe basengozini enkulu yokufumana esi sifo.
- Indawo: Abantu abahlala kumazwe abandayo, kude ne-equator, basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-MS-related optic neuritis. Oku kucingelwa ukuba kuchaphazeleka kukukhanya kwelanga kunye namanqanaba e-vitamin D.
- Ukuba nezinye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba: Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-lupus kunye ne-sarcoidosis basengozini enkulu.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Ukuba unale mpawu, kufuneka uqale ubonane nengcali yokhathalelo lwamehlo. Iza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko, baya kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo.
Khumbula, ungaze ulutyeshele utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo, ingakumbi ukuba luhamba nentlungu. Bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Inkqubo yovavanyo ingabandakanya:
- Ukujonga ubuchule bokubona.
- Uvavanyo lwentsimi ebonakalayo.
- Ukuvavanya indlela imibala ebonakala ngayo.
- Ukujonga i-pupil reflexes.
Emva kwezi mvavanyo, ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba le yi-Optic Neuritis, uza kukuthumela kwiimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo. Phakathi kwazo, i-MRI scan ibaluleke kakhulu.
I-MRI scan ingabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba kukho ukudumba kwe-optic nerve. Ingajonga naluphi na utshintsho engqondweni ('izilonda zobuchopho') ukuba kukho amathandabuzo okuba oku kubangelwa yi-MS.
Ukongeza, uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lomchamo lunokwenziwa ukujonga usulelo okanye ii-antibodies kwizifo ezifana ne-NMO okanye i-MOGAD. Ngamanye amaxesha ukubhobozwa kwe-lumbar kungenziwa.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokunyanga i-optic neuritis.
1. Ii-Steroids zokunciphisa ukudumba: Ii-Steroids zihlala zinikwa nge-intravenous (IV) iintsuku ezi-3-5 ngeedosi eziphezulu. Oku kunokunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukudumba kunye nokudumba kwimithambo-luvo, kunciphise iintlungu, kwaye kuncede ukubuyisela umbono. Emva koko, ugqirha wakho unokukunika ii-steroids ngendlela yeepilisi oza kuzithatha ixesha elifutshane. Kubalulekile ukuthatha la mayeza kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.
2. Ukunyanga unobangela oyintloko: Ukuba ibangelwa lusulelo, kuya kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ukuba ibangelwa sisifo esihlasela amajoni omzimba esifana ne-NMO okanye i-MOGAD, kunokufuneka wenze unyango oluthile olufana notshintsho lwe-plasma (PLEX).
Ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ukuba loluphi unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.
Ingaba le meko iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani? Ingaba umbono wam uza kubuya?
Oku kuyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo, unyango olufumanayo, kunye nendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kulo.
- I-Optic Neuritis eqhelekileyo: Le yingxaki yexesha elifutshane. Intlungu iyaphela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Kungathatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuba umbono ubuyele esiqhelweni ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko ezimalunga nama-90%, umbono ubuyela esiqhelweni okanye phantse ube sesiqhelweni kunyaka.
- I-Atypical Optic Neuritis: Oku kunzulu ngakumbi. Iimpawu zinokuhlala ixesha elide. Ukubona kusenokungapholi ngokupheleleyo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela olu hlobo kwangethuba kwaye uqale unyango.
- Abantwana: Abantwana banethuba elingcono kakhulu lokuchacha kunabantu abadala. Iziphumo zexesha elide azixhaphakanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana unesifo esinjalo, sinokuba luphawu lokuqala lwe-MS, ngoko oogqirha bayaluxhalabela.
Yintoni omawuyenze xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo?
Ukuba ulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso , yingxamiseko yezonyango. Kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko. Kwakhona, ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, iintlungu, okanye ukufiphala, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba akho okusindisa amehlo akho angcono.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Intlungu xa ushukumisa amehlo kunye nokungaboni kakuhle okanye ukubona kancinci zezona mpawu ziphambili ze-Optic Neuritis.
- Ungaze uzityeshele ezi mpawu. Bona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ulahlekelwa yimbono ngequbuliso, yiya kwi-ETU yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- I-optic neuritis inokuba luphawu lokuqala lwezinye izifo ezinzulu, ezifana ne-Multiple Sclerosis (MS), ngoko ke ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Kukho unyango olusebenzayo koku. Okukhona unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okubuyela ekuboneni angcono.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Thatha amayeza ngokwemilinganiselo emiselweyo nangexesha elimiselweyo.
I-optic neuritis, iintlungu zamehlo, ukulahleka kokubona, i-MS, i-multiple sclerosis, isifo semithambo-luvo
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