Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo!

Kunzima ukufumana umntu ongafumani umkhuhlane kube kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka, akunjalo? Impumlo evalekileyo, umqala okrwempayo, ukuthimla... Ezi mpawu zicaphukisayo zingonakalisa usuku lwethu lonke okwethutyana. Namhlanje sithetha ' ngomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ', odluliselwa ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye ekhaya, esikolweni, naseofisini. Uvela njani ngokwenene? ​​Zithini iimpawu? Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga? Ngaba inokuthintelwa? Masifumane iimpendulo zayo yonke le mibuzo kweli nqaku.

🤔 Yintoni le ibanda? (Isishwankathelo)

Ngamafutshane, umkhuhlane lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane engena kwinkqubo yokuphefumla ephezulu, equka impumlo yethu, umphimbo, ii-sinuses, kunye nomphimbo womoya/umphimbo.

❓ Iqala njani ingqele?

Olu sulelo lubangelwa yintsholongwane. Le ntsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wethu ngee-mucous membranes (ii-membranes ezibhityileyo nezimanzi) zempumlo, amehlo, okanye umlomo. Kwenzeka njani oku?

• Ngokuphefumla: Xa umntu onesifo somkhuhlane ekhohlela okanye ethimla, amathontsi amancinci anentsholongwane akhutshwa emoyeni. Ukuba siphefumla loo moya, intsholongwane ingangena empumlweni yethu.
• Ngokuchukumisa: Ukuba umntu ogulayo usula impumlo yakhe okanye uthimla aze achukumise into efana nesiciko socango, itafile, okanye ifowuni, intsholongwane inokuhlala kuloo ndawo. Ukuba umntu ophilileyo uchukumisa loo ndawo aze achukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo ngesandla esifanayo, intsholongwane ingangena emzimbeni.

❓ Kutheni oku kubizwa ngokuba "ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo"?

Njengoko igama lisitsho, oku 'kuqhelekile' kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba kuqhelekile kwaye kuqhelekile. Enyanisweni, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo usenokuba sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo esisifumana ebomini bethu! Ngokomyinge, umntu omdala uya kufumana oku kabini okanye kathathu ngonyaka. Abantwana abancinci banokufumana oku kane okanye ngaphezulu ngonyaka.

❓ Ngaba umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo yicoronavirus?

Oku kuyadida kancinci. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo! Ezona zixhaphakileyo (malunga nama-50%) zazo ziiRhinovirus . Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintsholongwane kwiqela leCoronaviruses zinokubangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Kodwa aziyiyo icoronavirus entsha eyabangela ubhubhane wehlabathi ngo-2019 ( SARS-CoV-2, ebangela i-COVID-19 ). Izifo ezibangelwa ziicoronavirus ezibangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo azibi kakhulu kwaye ziyaphola ngokukhawuleza. (Siza kuthetha ngomahluko phakathi kwe-COVID-19 kunye nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kamva).

🤧 Iimpawu kunye nezizathu

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane azisoloko zibonakala ngaxeshanye, kodwa ziza ngamanqanaba.

❓ Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane? (Zithini iimpawu?)

• Inqanaba Lokuqala (Iintsuku 1-3): Iimpawu zokuqala ziqala ukubonakala kusuku olunye okanye ezintathu emva kokuba bosulelwe yile ntsholongwane. Uninzi lwabantu (malunga nama-50%) luqala ngokukhafula, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye ukuqaqamba komphimbo. Ukongeza, kwezi ntsuku:
  • Ukuthimla
  • Impumlo egobhozayo (ekuqaleni ifana namanzi, isenokuba nkulu kamva)
  • Impumlo exineneyo/ ukuxinana kwempumlo
  • Ukukhwehlela (kusenokuba kukukhwehlela okomileyo ekuqaleni)
  • Iimpawu ezinje ngokurhawuzelela/ukurhawuzela zinokubakho.
• Inqanaba Lokusebenza (Iintsuku 4-7): Ngezi ntsuku, iimpawu ziba nzima ngakumbi kwaye zifikelele kwinqanaba lazo eliphezulu. Ukongeza kwiimpawu zangaphambili, oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:
  • Iintlungu zomzimba
  • Intloko ebuhlungu
  • Iinyembezi/amehlo anamanzi, impumlo egobhozayo engapheliyo
  • Ukudinwa
  • Umkhuhlane (oqheleke kakhulu kubantwana abancinci kunabantu abadala)
• Inqanaba Lokugqibela (Iintsuku 8-10): Uninzi lwexesha, ukugula kuya kuqala ukuncipha ngeli xesha. Usenokuba uphilile ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu, ingakumbi ukukhwehlela, zisenokuqhubeka iintsuku ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha kwaneeveki (ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-2). Kubalulekile: Ukuba awuziva ungcono emva kweentsuku ezili-10, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, okanye ukuba umkhuhlane wakho uyabuya, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba ufumene enye ingxaki ngenxa yomkhuhlane wakho - njenge-bronchitis, i-sinusitis, okanye i-pneumonia.

❓ Iimpawu zomkhuhlane kwiintsana (Iimpawu kwiintsana)

Xa umntwana efumana umkhuhlane, unokubonisa iimpawu ezahluke kancinci kunezabantu abadala:

• Ukuphuma kwamanzi kwi-vaginal (kuqala kube ngamanzi, emva koko kube lukhuni kuze kube ngwevu, kube tyheli, okanye kube luhlaza)
• Ukuthimla
• Umkhuhlane malunga ne-101-102 Fahrenheit (38.3-38.9 Celsius)
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya
• Ukwanda kokuvuza amathe ngenxa yomphimbo obuhlungu kunye nobunzima bokuginya
• Ukukhwehlela
• Ukucaphuka
• Ukudumba okuncinci kwee-lymph nodes entanyeni

❓ Ungazihlukanisa njani iimpawu zomkhuhlane wosana kwisifo esinzulu?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezinye zeempawu ezilandelayo, oko kunokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi kunomkhuhlane nje. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko:

• Ukuba umntwana oneenyanga ezimbini okanye ngaphantsi unomkhuhlane.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ingakumbi ukuba iimpumlo ziyavutha xa uphefumla).
• Ukuphefumla okukhawulezayo okanye okunzima.
• Ukuba wenza isandi sokukhala xa uphefumla.
• Ukuba unokubona iimbambo zakho zingena xa uphefumla (Iimbambo ziyavela).
• Ukuba imilebe iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (imilebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
• Ukuba uyala ukutya okanye ukusela (kunokubangela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni).
• Ukuba uziva ngathi unentlungu yendlebe.
• Ukuba wenza izinto ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye eyozela kakhulu kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuba ukukhwehlela kuqhubeka ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezi-3.
• Ukuba ukugula kubonakala ngathi kuya kusiba mandundu imihla ngemihla endaweni yokuba kube ngcono.

❓ Yintoni ebangela umkhuhlane? (Ubangelwa yintoni?)

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, iintsholongwane zibangela umkhuhlane. Eyona nto ibangela umkhuhlane zii-rhinovirus . Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zee-rhinovirus! Ukongeza, kukho ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezimalunga nama-200, kuquka ii-coronavirus, ezibangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba ukhe waba nomkhuhlane kanye akuthethi ukuba awuyi kuphinda uwufumane, kuba kwixesha elizayo isenokuba yintsholongwane eyahlukileyo.

❓ Ingaba umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo uyasulela? Usasazeka njani?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo iyosulela. Isasazeka lula kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Njengoko sixoxile ngasentla, isasazeka ngokuphefumla amathontsi aneentsholongwane akhutshwa emoyeni xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla, okanye ngokuchukumisa indawo eneentsholongwane uze uchukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo.

❓ Ungasulela ixesha elingakanani?

Ungamangaliswa kukuba, ungasasaza esi sifo komnye umntu kwangethuba ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba neempawu! Kwakhona, intsholongwane inokuphuma emzimbeni wakho ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuba uphilile. Nangona kunjalo, uyosulela kakhulu xa iimpawu zakho ziphezulu - ngesiqhelo kwiintsuku ezintathu zokuqala zokugula.

❓ Lingakanani ixesha lokufukamela?

Ixesha lokufukamela lixesha eliqala xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni de kuvele iimpawu zokuqala. Kwingqele eqhelekileyo, eli xesha lidla ngokuba phakathi kweeyure ezili-12 neentsuku ezi-3 .

❓ Kutheni abantwana abancinci befumana umkhuhlane rhoqo?

Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yabantwana abancinci neentsanaAbakachaphazeleki kwezi ntsholongwane. Imizimba yabo isafunda ukuqaphela nokulwa nezi ntsholongwane zintsha. Ngenxa yoko, bafumana usulelo ngokulula. Xa beneminyaka emi-2 ubudala, usana lunokufumana malunga ne-8-10 yemikhuhlane ngonyaka! Njengabantu abadala, sichaphazeleka kwiintsholongwane ezininzi zomkhuhlane, ngoko ke xa kuvela intsholongwane efanayo, amajoni ethu omzimba anokuyibona aze ayilwe nayo ngokukhawuleza. Esinye isizathu kukuba abantwana abancinci basondelelene kakhulu esikolweni, kwiiklasi, naxa bedlala. Kwakhona, badla ngokungayigqumi imilomo yabo kwaye bathimla ngezandla zabo, badla ngokuchukumisa imilomo yabo, impumlo, namehlo ngezandla zabo, kwaye abazihlambi rhoqo izandla zabo. Oku kwenza intsholongwane isasazeke lula. Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ingaphila kwiindawo ezifana neethoyi neencwadi iiyure ezininzi. Iintsana zinokuyifumana lula le sifo ukuba zithatha ithoyi echukunyiswe zezinye iintsana zize ziyifake emlonyeni wazo.

🩺 Uxilongo kunye noVavanyo

❓ Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani ingqele?

Ugqirha uya kufumanisa ukuba unesifo somkhuhlane ngokukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngexesha lovavanyo, banokukhangela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ingaba ingaphakathi lempumlo lidumbile?
• Ingaba impumlo yakho ivalekile?
• Ingaba umqala wakho uvakala ubomvu kwaye ubuhlungu?
• Ingaba ii-lymph nodes entanyeni ziyadumba?
• Ngaba imiphunga ivakala iqhelekile? (Cima imiphunga - qiniseka ukuba akukho pneumonia)

❓ Zeziphi iintlobo zovavanyo ozenzayo?

Uninzi lwexesha, umkhuhlane unokufunyanwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye novavanyo lomzimba. Akukho mfuneko yovavanyo olulodwa. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-COVID-19, i-influenza (umkhuhlane), okanye enye imeko, banokuthatha uvavanyo lwe-nasal swab ukuze babone ukuba unayo na intsholongwane. I-X-ray yesifuba inokwenziwa ukuba kukho ingxaki efana ne-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia ekrokrelwayo.

💊 Ulawulo kunye noNyango

❓ Unganyanga njani umkhuhlane?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo: akukho 'nyango' luthile lomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho nyango lwentsholongwane. Esimele sikwenze kukuvumela isifo siphilise ngokwaso, ngelixa silawula iimpawu kwaye sigcina umzimba ukhululekile. Uninzi lomkhuhlane luyaphela ngokwawo kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10 ngaphandle kokuba lube yingozi. Unyango luquka amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara (OTC) kunye nonyango lwasekhaya.

❓ Kutheni amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane engenakunyanga umkhuhlane?

Kulapho abantu abaninzi benza khona impazamo. Ii-antibiotics ngamayeza okunyanga usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Umkhuhlane ubangelwa ziintsholongwane. Ngoko ke, ukunika iyeza elibulala iintsholongwane ukubulala intsholongwane akuncedi nganto. Ii-antibiotics azinyangi umkhuhlane, kwaye aziwenzi ukuba uphele ngokukhawuleza. Ukusebenzisa ii-antibiotics ngokungeyomfuneko kubulala iintsholongwane ezilungileyo emzimbeni kwaye kudala ukumelana nee-antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha (ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci) umkhuhlane unokubangela iingxaki ezifana nosulelo lwendlebe okanye i-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha unokunika ii-antibiotics ukunyanga usulelo lwebhaktiriya.

❓ Ngawaphi amayeza asetyenziswa ukunciphisa iimpawu?

Kukho amayeza amaninzi athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (OTC) afumanekayo okunyanga iimpawu zomkhuhlane. Nangona kunjalo, amanye ala mayeza awafanelekanga kubantwana abancinci. Soloko ubuza ugqirha okanye ingcali yezonyango ngaphambi kokuba unike umntwana naliphi na kula mayeza. Kwakhona, musa ukuxuba amayeza enzelwe iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba umzimba ufunxe izithako ezininzi kwaye kubangele ezinye iingxaki zempilo (ezifana nokonakala kwesibindi). Nazi ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinokunceda kwiimpawu zomkhuhlane:

• Izithomalalisi zentlungu: I-Paracetamol (efana nePanadol®, iCalpol®) kunye nee-NSAID (efana ne-ibuprofen - efana neBrufen®) zinokunceda ekunciphiseni iintloko ezibuhlungu kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Amayeza okususa ukuxinana: Amayeza aqulethe i-pseudoephedrine (njengeSudafed®) anokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuxinana kweempumlo . (Ezi zisenokungafaneleki kwabanye abantu, ingakumbi abo banegazi eliphezulu, ngoko qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.) Kukwakho nezitshizi zokususa ukuxinana kweempumlo, kodwa akufuneki zisetyenziswe ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
• Amayeza okulwa ne-histamine:I-Chlorpheniramine (efana nePiriton®) kunye ne-diphenhydramine (efana neBenadryl®) inokunciphisa ukuthimla kunye nempumlo egobhozayo. Nangona kunjalo, zinokubangela ukozela.
• Izinto ezithintela ukukhwehlela: Amayeza anjenge-dextromethorphan (afumaneka kwezinye iziraphu zokukhwehlela) anokunceda ukulawula ukukhwehlela (ezi azikhuthazwa ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala).
• Ii-Expectorants: Amayeza aqulethe i-guaifenesin (efana neMucinex®) anceda ukukhulula umhluzi ongqindilili esifubeni kwaye enze kube lula ukukhwehlela.

❓ Unganyanga njani umkhuhlane kumntwana omncinci?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Musa ukunika umntwana wakho naliphi na iyeza lokukhwehlela okanye lokumunca ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha ngaphandle kokuba ucetyiswe ngugqirha! Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza xa umntwana wakho enomkhuhlane:

• Gcina umntwana wakho ekhululekile: Mnxibise iimpahla ezifudumeleyo nezikhululekileyo.
• Nika umntwana wakho ulwelo: Ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, qhubeka umnika ubisi lwebele okanye ubisi lwefomyula. Ukuba umntwana wakho ungaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, ungamnika namanzi amancinci.
• Vumela umntwana aphumle: Ukuba kunzima kuye ukudlala, mvumele alale kakuhle aze aphumle.
• Ukuba impumlo yakho ivalekile: Uninzi lweentsana azikwazi ukuzikhulula zodwa zide zibe neminyaka emi-4 ubudala. Ngoko ke ezi ndlela zinokunceda:
  • Ityuwa kunye nokufunxa: Malunga nemizuzu eli-15 ngaphambi kokutya, faka amathontsi ambalwa etyuwa (amanzi anetyuwa) avela kwikhemesti emakhaleni omntwana wakho ukuze ukhulule i-mucus. Emva koko, sebenzisa ibhalbhu yerabha okanye isixhobo sokufunxa ngomlomo ukuze ususe ngobunono ulwelo kunye ne-mucus empumlweni yomntwana. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula kumntwana wakho ukuphefumla.
  • Ijeli yepetroleum: Faka ijeli yepetroleum encinci ngaphandle (ngaphantsi) kwempumlo yomntwana wakho. Indawo isenokuba bomvu kwaye yomile ngenxa yokuvuthuza impumlo rhoqo. Kodwa ungayifaki ngaphakathi kwempumlo. (Musa ukusebenzisa izitshizi zeempumlo ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelele ukuba wenze njalo, kuba zinokwenza imeko ibe mandundu.)
  • I-humidifier okanye i-vaporizer:Sebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze wongeze umswakama emoyeni kwigumbi lomntwana wakho. Oku kuya kunciphisa ukoma kwempumlo nomqala. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba uyicoca kwaye uyomise kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Ngaphandle koko, iintsholongwane kunye neefungi zinokuqokelelana kuyo zize zibangele izifo ezingaphezulu. Jonga ukuba isihluzo kufuneka sitshintshwe na. Musa ukusebenzisa i-vaporizer evelisa umphunga oshushu, kuba inokubangela ukutsha.
  • Umphunga: Ukuba awunayo i-humidifier, vula amanzi ashushu kwigumbi lokuhlambela, uvale ucango, uze uthathe umntwana wakho nihlale kwigumbi elinomphunga kangangemizuzu eli-15. (Musa ukumshiya yedwa umntwana.) Ukunika umntwana wakho ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu nako kunokunceda.

Ukuba umntwana wakho akanantlungu, mvumele adlale aze asebenze ngendlela eqhelekileyo. Ukuba unomkhuhlane okanye ezinye iingxaki, kungcono ukumgcina ekhaya.

🛡️ Ungakuthintela njani oku? (Ukuthintela)

Nangona singenakukuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuba nomkhuhlane, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wethu:

❓ Izinto esinokuzenza ukuthintela umkhuhlane

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20. Ingakumbi ngaphambi kokutya, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, emva kokuphefumla impumlo yakho, nasemva kokuchukumisa umntu onomkhuhlane.
• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa ubuso bakho: Le ntsholongwane idluliselwa ngokuchukumisa impumlo yakho, umlomo, namehlo ngezandla ezingcolileyo. Yehlisa loo mkhwa.
• Coca iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo: Izibambo zomnyango, izitshixo zokukhanyisa, iifowuni, kunye nekhibhodi zinokugcina intsholongwane. Zisule rhoqo.
• Sebenzisa isicoci sezandla: Xa isepha namanzi zingafumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esine-alcohol (ubuncinane i-60%).
• Qinisa amasosha omzimba wakho: Lala ngokwaneleyo, yitya ukutya okunempilo (imifuno, iziqhamo), kwaye uzilolonge. Oku kuya kulungiselela umzimba wakho ukuba ukwazi ukumelana nezifo.
• Hlala ekhaya ukuba uyagula: Ukuba unomkhuhlane, hlala ekhaya uphumle ukuze ungosuleli abanye.

❓ Ungazikhusela njani iintsana ezincinci kwingqele?

• Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo:Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukungathumeli umntwana wakho kubantu abanomkhuhlane. Gcina umntwana wakho ekhaya kangangoko unako. Oko kuqhelekileyo kumkhuhlane kumntu omdala kunokuba yingozi kumntwana.
• Ukuhlamba izandla: Abantu abadala abakufutshane neentsana kufuneka bahlambe izandla zabo kakuhle emva kokukhohlela, ukuthimla, okanye ukuvuthela impumlo. Kwakhona hlamba izandla zakho emva kokuchukumisa umntu one-mucus. Emva kokusula impumlo yomntwana wakho, hlamba izandla zakho kunye nezomntwana wakho.
• Gcina izinto zokudlala zicocekile: Coca izinto zokudlala rhoqo. Ingakumbi, musa ukwabelana ngezinto zokudlala ezifakwa ziintsana emlonyeni wazo nabanye.
• Isicocisi: Ukuba isepha namanzi azifumaneki, sebenzisa izicoci ezimanzi okanye isicocisi. (Gcina iibhotile zesicocisi kude neentsana, kuba ziyingozi ukuba ziginyiwe.)
• Ukugonywa: Fumana zonke iigonyo zomntwana wakho xa eneminyaka efanelekileyo. Nangona zingayithinteli imikhuhlane, zinokunceda ekuthinteleni iingxaki ezifana nosulelo lwendlebe okanye lwemiphunga olunokubangelwa yimikhuhlane. Ukugonywa komkhuhlane wonyaka kuyacetyiswa kwiintsana ezingaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala. Ukugonywa kwe-COVID-19 kukwafumaneka ukususela kwiinyanga ezi-6 ubudala.

✅ Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha? (Imbono/Ukuqikelela)

❓ Umkhuhlane uhlala ixesha elingakanani?

Uninzi lomkhuhlane luphela ngokwalo kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezili-10, kwaye iimpawu ziyancipha kancinci kancinci.

❓ Ngaba umkhuhlane ungabulala?

Ngokubanzi, umkhuhlane awusosifo esisongela ubomi kumntu ophilileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abantu abane-HIV, izigulane ezinomhlaza, abantu abafumana amalungu omzimba afakwe), abantu abanezifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma, abantwana abancinci kakhulu, okanye abantu abadala, umkhuhlane unokubangela ezinye iingxaki ezinkulu. Ezi ngxaki (njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-sinusitis, usulelo lweendlebe, i-pneumonia) zinokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba zimbi kakhulu.

🏠 Wenza ntoni xa ubanjwe ngumkhuhlane? (Ukuphila Nokuzinyamekela)

❓ Zeziphi iindlela zokuzinyamekela ezilungileyo?

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza xa unomkhuhlane yile:

1. Phola:Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphumla umzimba wakho. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, hlala ekhaya iintsuku ezimbalwa ungakhange uye emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Oku akuyi kukunika ithuba lokuphumla nje kuphela, kodwa kuya kukuthintela ekusasazeni esi sifo kwabanye.
2. Sela iziselo: Ukuze uphephe ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, sela amanzi amaninzi, iisuphu, iporridge, kunye neejusi zeziqhamo (ezineswekile encinci). Oku kuya kugcina impumlo yakho nomqala wakho umanzi, nto leyo eya kunceda ekukhupheni amanzi emzimbeni. Ziphephe iziselo ezine-alcohol kunye ne-caffeine (iti, ikofu), kuba zinokukunyibilikisa ngakumbi.

Malunga neevithamini nezinye izinto: Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba izinto ezifana ne-zinc, i-vitamin C, kunye ne-echinacea zinokuthintela okanye zinyange umkhuhlane. Kodwa akukho bungqina besayensi bokuba ezi zinto zinokuthintela umkhuhlane. Nangona ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuthatha i-zinc kunokunciphisa ixesha lokugula kwaye kunciphise iimpawu, kufuneka uqinisekiso olongezelelekileyo. Kwakhona, izitshizi zeempumlo ezine-zinc kufuneka ziphetshwe njengoko zinokunciphisa imvakalelo yakho yokuvumba ngokusisigxina. Ukuthatha i-vitamin C akuyi kuthintela umkhuhlane, kodwa kunokunciphisa ixesha leempawu. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukutya ukutya okunesondlo.

❓ Ufanele uye nini kugqirha? (Abantu abadala)

Bona ugqirha ukuba unale mpawu:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-102°F / 38.9°C)
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yendlebe
• Ukugula kwesifuba okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Iimpawu zihlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-10 okanye zibe nzima kakhulu
• Umkhuhlane ubuya kwakhona

❓ Usana lwam lunomkhuhlane, kufuneka ndiye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu (umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-100.4°F / 38°C, ingakumbi ukuba umntwana ungaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3 ubudala)
• Ukuba uyeka ngokupheleleyo ukutya nokusela
• Ukuba uyahlanza
• Ukuba uziva ngathi uneentlungu zendlebe okanye isisu
• Ukuba ukhala ngaphezu kwesiqhelo
• Ukuba uziva ulele kakhulu kunesiqhelo
• Ukuba uyaphefumla (uphefumla)
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla

❓ Imibuzo Eyongezelelekileyo Eqhelekileyo

❓ Ngaba ukubanjwa ngumkhuhlane ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuyayichaphazela indlela okhulelwe ngayo?

Ukuba nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa akusoloko kuyingozi. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngamayeza owasebenzisayo kwiimpawu zakho. Amayeza amaninzi e-OTC awafanelekanga ngeli xesha. Ke ngoko, kufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho (uGqirha weZibeleko/uGynecologist) ukuba zeziphi amayeza akhuselekileyo. Ukuba ucinga ukuba une-influenza (umkhuhlane) okanye unomkhuhlane, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ungadinga unyango olukhawulezileyo.

❓ Kutheni kubanda kakhulu ebusika (ngexesha lemvula eSri Lanka)?

Nangona umkhuhlane unokubakho nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka, uxhaphake kakhulu ngexesha lemozulu ebandayo (njengobusika kumazwe aseNtshona kunye nexesha lemvula eSri Lanka). Esinye isizathu kukuba ngala maxesha, abantu badla ngokuvalelwa kwiindawo zangaphakathi ezifana namakhaya, iiofisi, kunye neeklasi, kunokuba bangene ngaphandle. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba intsholongwane isasazeke. Uphononongo lwakutshanje (olusebenzisa iimpuku) lufumanise ukuba xa umoya obandayo wehlisa ubushushu bempumlo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ayikwazi ukuthintela ukukhula kweentsholongwane zerhino. Nangona kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze kuchongwe ukuba oku kuyasebenza na nakubantu, kunokwenzeka ukuba imozulu ebandayo inokuba nefuthe elingathanga ngqo.

❓ Yintoni umahluko phakathi komkhuhlane kunye ne-COVID-19?

IiCoronavirus liqela leentsholongwane. Njenge-coronavirus ebangela umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, i-coronavirus entsha (SARS-CoV-2) eyavela ngo-2019 ibangela i-COVID-19. Nangona zombini zichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla, i-COVID-19 inokuchaphazela imiphunga kwaye ibangele iimeko ezinzima ngakumbi njenge-pneumonia. Iimpawu zokuqala ze-COVID-19 ziquka umkhuhlane, ukugodola, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukulahlekelwa yivumba okanye incasa, kunye norhudo . Ezi bezingaqhelekanga kakhulu kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-COVID-19 ezibangelwa yi -Omicron variant kamva zifana kakhulu nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko, kunokuba nzima ukwahlulahlula. I-Omicron ikwanazo neempawu ezifana nempumlo egobhozayo, ukukhwehlela, umphimbo obuhlungu, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nokuxinana kwempumlo . Ke ngoko, ukuba kukho amathandabuzo, kububulumko ukuvavanya i-COVID-19.

❓ Yintoni umahluko phakathi komkhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane (iFlu)?

Iimpawu zazo zombini ziyafana kakhulu, ngoko ke kulula ukuzibhida. Zombini ziqhelekile ngexesha lasebusika/lemvula kwaye zichaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla ephezulu. Kodwa zibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ubangelwa kukudibana kweentsholongwane ezimalunga nama-200, kuquka ii-rhinovirus. Umkhuhlane ubangelwa yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane yodwa. Umahluko ophambili kukuba xa ufumana umkhuhlane, uhlala unomkhuhlane ophezulu, ukugodola, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nokudinwa. Abantu abadala abafane bafumane umkhuhlane ngokukhwehlela okuqhelekileyo, kodwa umkhuhlane unamathuba amaninzi okuba nomkhuhlane ngokukhwehlela (abantwana abancinci banokufumana umkhuhlane ngokukhwehlela). Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala zinzima kakhulu kunomkhuhlane. Nangona zombini zinokubangela iingxaki, iingxaki ezibangelwa ngumkhuhlane (ezifana ne-pneumonia) ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi ebomini.

❓ Yintoni umahluko phakathi komkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane wesifuba/i-bronchitis ebukhali?

"I-Chest Cold" okanye i-Acute Bronchitis kukudumba (ukurhawuzelelwa) kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-mucus kwimibhobho ye-bronchial ekhokelela emiphungeni. Le meko yenzeka xa intsholongwane yomkhuhlane eqhelekileyo ihamba isuka empumlweni, emqaleni, nasemaphaphu. (Inokubangelwa naziibhaktheriya.) Njengakwingqele eqhelekileyo, i-chest cold nayo inokubangela ukukhwehlela. Nangona kunjalo, i-chest cold 'yi-wet cough', oko kuthetha ukuba i-mucus iveliswa xa ukhwehlela. Ukongeza, unokuba neempawu ezifana nokukhwehlela okukhulu okukugcina uvukile ebusuku, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kunye nentlungu yesifuba.

✍️ Okokugqibela

Umkhuhlane yimeko eqhelekileyo, kodwa idla ngokuba yingozi, ephela yodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuphumla nokusela amanzi amaninzi. Nangona kukho amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha anokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane awasebenzi. Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa unika abantwana abancinci amayeza. Kwakhona luxanduva lwethu ukuqaphela ukuba singabosuleli abanye xa sigula. Ukuba akukho mpucuko emva kweentsuku ezili-10 okanye iimpawu zinzima, qiniseka ukuba ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Hlala usempilweni!