Ungathanda ukwazi kakuhle ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho?

Ukuba umntu ukubuzile athi, "Luluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho?", ubungayiphendula? Abanye abantu bayabuza, kodwa uninzi lwabantu alunalo ulwazi ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kubaluleke kakhulu kule mihla. Cinga nje, xa kwenzeka ingozi, utyando, okanye ngexesha lokukhulelwa, olu lwazi luncinci lunokukunceda usindise ubomi bakho. Ngoko ke, ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko seentlobo zegazi ngendlela elula enokuqondwa ngumntu wonke.

Yintoni kanye kanye uhlobo lwegazi?

Ngamafutshane, uhlobo lwegazi yindlela yokwahlulahlula ukuba igazi lakho liyahambelana na negazi lomnye umntu. Kufana nokuba nobukhulu bempahla.

Olu hlulo luphenjelelwa kakhulu ziintlobo ezimbini ezikhethekileyo zeeproteni kumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Kwizonyango, ezi antigens sizibiza ngokuba zii-. Zicinge njengee-nametag ezincinci ezinamathele kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezi ntlobo zimbini ze-nametag yi -'A' antigen kunye ne-'B' antigen .

Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zegazi ezisekelwe ekubeni ezi antigens zikhona okanye azikho, kwaye zeziphi.

• Uhlobo A: Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zine-antigen ye-A kuphela.
• Uhlobo B: Ine-antigen ye-B kuphela.
• Uhlobo lwe-AB: Lune-antigens ezimbini ze-A kunye ne-B.
• Uhlobo O: Akukho antigens A okanye B.

Ukongeza, kukho enye into ebalulekileyo, leyo yi -Rh factor . Le yenye iproteni enokufumaneka kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

• Ukuba unayo le Rh factor egazini lakho, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lulungile (+) .
• Ukuba i-Rh factor ayikho, uhlobo lwegazi alubonakali lune-negative (-) .

Xa ezi zimbini zidibana, kuye kuvele iintlobo zegazi eziphambili ezisi-8 esizivileyo sonke:

1. I-Positive (A+)

2. I-Negative (A-)

3. B Ilungile (B+)

4. B Negative (B-)

5. I-AB Ene-positive (AB+)

6. I-AB Negative (AB-)

7. O Ilungile (O+)

8. O Negative (O-)

Kutheni iindidi zegazi kufuneka zihambelane?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Xa unika umntu igazi (utofelo-gazi), kubalulekile ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lomntu onikelayo nolwalowo ufumana igazi luhambelane.

Cinga ngomzimba wakho njengelizwe elinenkqubo yokuzikhusela elungileyo. Inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela ngumkhosi welo lizwe. Lo mkhosi uyaziqonda zonke iiseli emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubona into engeyoyamzimba kwaye ivela ngaphandle (njengentsholongwane), lo mkhosi uyawuhlasela aze awutshabalalise.

Kwenzeka into efanayo xa uhlobo lwegazi olungahambelaniyo lungena emzimbeni. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu onegazi lohlobo 'A' unikwa igazi lohlobo 'B', inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yomntu onegazi lohlobo 'A' iya kuzibona iiseli zegazi ezingenayo 'B' njengotshaba. Iya kuhlasela ize itshabalalise ezo seli zegazi 'B'. Olu hlobo lokusabela lunokuba nzima kakhulu, lubangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ubunzima bokuphefumla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa.

Ngubani lo 'Mnikeli weUniversal' kunye 'noMamkeli weUniversal'?

Uhlobo lwegazi olune-O negative (O-) lubizwa ngokuba yi- "Universal Donor" . Oko kukuthi, uhlobo lwegazi olune-O lunokunikwa umntu onohlobo lwegazi. Kuba ezo seli zegazi azinazo naziphi na ii-antigens ze-A, B, okanye ze-Rh esithethe ngazo. Ngoko ke, umzimba womntu ofumana igazi awuwuboni njengotshaba. Xa umntu eziswa kwi -ETU (iYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo) emva kwengozi, kwaye kungekho xesha lokuvavanya uhlobo lwegazi, oogqirha badla ngokunika igazi eli-O.

Uhlobo lwegazi olune-AB positive (AB+) lubizwa ngokuba yi- "Universal Recipient." Oku kuthetha ukuba umntu onohlobo lwegazi olune-AB+ angafumana igazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi. Ngenxa yokuba ene-antigens ezintathu egazini lakhe, u-A, u-B, kunye no-Rh, bayamkela naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi oluvela ngaphandle njengo "lwabo."

Uhlobo lwegazi lubaluleke njani ngexesha lokukhulelwa?

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umama okhulelweyo azi uhlobo lwegazi lakhe, ingakumbi i-Rh factor.

Umzekelo, ukuba uhlobo lwegazi likamama lune -Rh negative (-) , kodwa uhlobo lwegazi likatata lune-Rh positive (+), uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana esibelekweni lunokuba yi-Rh positive (+). Kwimeko enjalo, ukuba igazi likamama nelomntwana lixubana ngandlela thile (ingakumbi ngexesha lokubeleka), umzimba kamama uyazazi iiseli zegazi ze-Rh positive zomntwana "njengotshaba". Emva koko uqala ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nazo.

Oku kusenokungabi nampembelelo ingako ekukhulelweni kokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana one-Rh-positive ukhulelwa okwesibini, ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngumzimba kamama ngaphambili zinokuwela i-placenta zize ziqale ukutshabalalisa iiseli zegazi ezibomvu zomntwana. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kumntwana.

Ndingalwazi njani uhlobo lwegazi lam?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lakho.

• Buza ugqirha wakho: Ukuba ukhe wavavanywa igazi ngaphambili nangasiphi na isizathu, iirekhodi zakho zonyango zinokubhala uhlobo lwegazi lakho.
• Nikela ngegazi:Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nexabisekileyo. Xa unikela ngegazi, iNational Blood Transfusion Service ivavanya uhlobo lwegazi lakho simahla kwaye ikunika ikhadi. Ngalo, ungalwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kwaye usindise ubomi bomntu.
• Fumana uvavanyo lwelabhoratri: Ungafumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngokunika isampuli yegazi nakwesiphi na isibhedlele okanye ilebhu yabucala.

Ngokwesiqhelo, uhlobo lwegazi lomntu alutshintshi ubomi bakhe bonke. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, njengokufakelwa umongo wethambo, okanye kwiimeko ezithile zonyango ezifana ne-leukemia, uhlobo lwegazi lunokutshintsha.