Ngaba umhlaza ungasasazeka emathanjeni akho? (Bone Metastasis) Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngomntu onomhlaza owathi kamva waba neentlungu zamathambo okanye amathambo abuthathaka. Usenokuba nawe wakha wakubona oku. Oku kubangelwa ziiseli zomhlaza ezisasazeka ukusuka kwelinye icala lomzimba ukuya emathanjeni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-bone metastasis . Nangona esi sisifo esibi kakhulu, musa ukoyika. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi kwaye usilawule ngokufanelekileyo.

Yintoni iBone Metastasis? Masiyiqonde ngokulula.

Ngamafutshane, ukusasazeka kwethambo kwenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza eziqale kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho (njengebele, imiphunga, okanye iprostate) zihamba ngegazi lakho ziye emathanjeni akho zize ziqale ukukhula apho. Le yenye yeempawu zomhlaza osasazekayo .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi kukuba lo asingomhlaza wamathambo oyintloko. Lo ngumhlaza oye wasasazeka waya emathanjeni usuka kwenye indawo.

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lwale meko. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango oluninzi olufumanekayo lokulawula iimpawu kunye nokucothisa ukuqhubela phambili kwale meko. Enye into kukuba abantu baphila ixesha elide benomhlaza kunangaphambili, ngoko ke ukusasazeka kwamathambo kuya kuxhaphaka. Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ukusasazeka kwamathambo kwanda ukusuka kwi-3% kunyaka wokuqala emva kokufunyaniswa komhlaza ukuya kwi-8% kwiminyaka eli-10 kamva.

Zithini iimpawu zoku? Jonga ukuba nawe unazo ezi

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo ziintlungu zamathambo . Kungavakala ngathi kukho into etsalwayo okanye ubunzima. Intlungu inokuba mandundu ebusuku, ingakumbi ebusuku. Ngamanye amaxesha ingaba bukhali, ihlatywe, okanye ibe bukhali.

Ukusasazeka kwethambo kunokubangela ezinye iingxaki. Kukwakho neempawu ezithile ezinxulumene nako:

• Ukuqhekeka Kwamathambo: Le meko yenza amathambo akho abe buthathaka kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, ungaphuka ithambo ngaphandle kokuwa kakhulu. Ingachaphazela naliphi na ithambo emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa idla ngokuchaphazela umqolo, iimbambo, i-pelvis, i-humerus, i-femur, kunye ne-skull. Intlungu xa ithambo liqhekeka ibukhali kakhulu kwaye inzima. Ukuba waphula ingalo okanye umlenze, awuyi kukwazi ukuwushukumisa.
• I-Hypercalcemia: Oku kwenzeka xa amanqanaba e-calcium egazini lakho ephakama kakhulu. Iimpawu ziquka isiyezi, ukuqhina, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza.
• Ukucinezelwa kweNtambo yoMgogodla: Ukuba ithumba lisasazekile kwaye licinezela intambo yomqolo, unokuba neentlungu zomqolo, ubuthathaka okanye ukungaziva kakuhle kwiingalo zakho nasemilenzeni, kunye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ithumba lisasazeka kwaye licinezelwa kwintambo yomqolo, unokuba neentlungu zomqolo, ubuthathaka okanye ukungakhululeki kwiingalo zakho nasemilenzeni, kunye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba.Kufuneka iphathwe njengengxamiseko.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Yintoni unobangela?

Le meko yenzeka xa iiseli ezivela kwiithumba ezinomhlaza ziqhekeka, zingena egazini lakho, zidlule kulo, zize zihambe ziye emathanjeni akho. Xa zifika apho, ezo seli zomhlaza ziqala inkqubo iingcali eziyibiza ngokuba "ngumjikelo ombi wokusasazeka kwamathambo."

Ukuze uqonde lo mjikelo, kuyanceda ukwazi okuncinci malunga nendlela iiseli zakho zamathambo ezisebenza ngayo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli emathanjeni ethu: ii-osteoblasts kunye nee-osteoclasts .

• Ii-Osteoblast ziiseli ezenza amathambo amatsha.
• Ii-Osteoclast ziiseli ezinyibilikayo, zidilize, kwaye zisuse iiseli ezindala zamathambo ezonakeleyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi ntlobo zimbini zeeseli zisebenza kunye ukugcina ulungelelwano phakathi kokuveliswa kweeseli ezintsha zamathambo kunye nokutshintshwa kweeseli ezindala zamathambo. Kodwa xa umhlaza ungena emathanjeni, le nkqubo iyaphazama. Nantsi into eyenzekayo:

• Ukuba ii-osteoblast zenza iiseli ezininzi ezintsha zamathambo, ithambo lakho liya kwakheka kakhulu, kwaye uya kuba neendawo ezingaqhelekanga zokwakheka kwamathambo. Ugqirha wakho unokubiza ezi ndawo ngokuthi zizilonda ze-osteosclerotic okanye izilonda ze-osteoblastic . Ezi ndawo zinokubonakala zinzima ngaphandle, kodwa zibuthathaka kakhulu, njengomaleko omncinci womkhenkce elunxwemeni lomlambo. Zinokuqhekeka kwaye ziqhekeke ngokulula.
• Xa ii-osteoclast ziqhekeza iiseli zamathambo ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo, izinto ezikhutshwa ziiseli zakho zamathambo zinokubangela imingxunya emincinci ethanjeni lakho. Ukuba uyijonga phantsi kwe-microscope, ingabonakala ngathi kukho umntu ogqobhoze imingxunya ethanjeni lakho. Ugqirha wakho ubiza le mingxunya ngokuthi zizilonda ze-osteolytic . Ezi zilonda zenza amathambo akho abe buthathaka kwaye abe buthathaka. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wakho wokuphuka ithambo.

Uphando lubonise ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kweentlobo ezithile zeeseli zamathambo kunye neentlobo ezithile zomhlaza osasazekayo. Umzekelo, i-70% ukuya kwi-85% yee-metastases zamathambo ezivela kumhlaza weprostate zibangelwa yi-osteogenic, oko kuthetha ukuba zibangelwa yi-osteoblasts ezenza amathambo amaninzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, i-75% yee-metastases ezivela kumhlaza webele zi-osteolytic, oko kuthetha ukuba zibangelwa ziiseli zamathambo eziqhekeka ngokukhawuleza.

Uyibona njani le nto?

Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo lwemifanekiso eyahlukeneyo ukuze afumanise le meko. Banokwenza uvavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo ukuze bajonge izinto ezibonisa umonakalo wethambo. Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso lungabandakanya:

• Ukuskena amathambo
• I-CT scan (i-computed tomography - i-CT scan)
• Iskeni ye-MRI (Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance - Iskeni ye-MRI)
• Iskeni yePET (iPositron emission tomography - iskeni yePET)
• I-X-reyi

Olu vavanyo lunokukuxelela kanye ukuba kwenzeka ntoni emathanjeni akho, ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke na, kwaye zisasazeke kangakanani.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Ngelishwa, akukho nyango lokwaphuka kwamathambo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amayeza kunye nonyango olunokunceda ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nokulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo . Olu nyango lunokunceda kakhulu ekuphuculeni umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango:

• IiBisphosphonates: La mayeza (umz., iPamidronate, iZoledronic acid (Zometa®)) aqinisa amathambo akho, anciphise ubungakanani becalcium egazini lakho, kwaye anciphise umngcipheko wokuba ne-hypercalcemia.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy okanye unyango lwehomoni: Ugqirha wakho angakunika olu nyango ukuba uneendawo ezingaphezu kwesinye apho iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeka khona (ii-metastases) emathanjeni akho.
• Unyango lwe-antibody ye-Monoclonal: Amayeza anjengeDenosumab (Prolia® okanye iXgeva®) anikwa ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwamathambo.
• Unyango ngemitha: Ukuba unentlungu evela kwithumba kwelinye lamathambo akho, unyango ngemitha lunokunikwa ukunyanga loo ntlungu. Lunokunceda nakwiintlungu ezibangelwa kukucinezelwa kwentambo yomqolo. Ugqirha wakho angakunika ne-corticosteroids kunye nonyango ngemitha.
• I-Kyphoplasty: Olu lunyango lokuqhekeka koxinzelelo lomgogodla.
• Utyando: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando lokuqinisa amathambo abuthathaka okanye ukususa ithumba elinomhlaza.

Khumbula, ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ngolona nyango lufanelekileyo kuwe, ngoko thetha naye ngononophelo ngale nto.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ayinyangwa?

Ukuba ithambo alinyangwanga, iingxaki ezifana ne-hypercalcemia zinokwenzeka. Ukuba alinyangwanga, oku kunokukhokelela kwi-coma. Kwakhona, usenokungakwazi ukuhamba okanye ukwenza umsebenzi wakho ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwamathambo. Iintlungu eziqatha zamathambo zinokunciphisa amandla akho okonwabela ubomi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukucinezelwa kwentambo yomqolo kunokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni ukuba alinyangwanga. Ngoko ke, musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba une-metastasis yethambo?

Ukuba une-metastasis yamathambo, oko kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ovela kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho usasazeke emathanjeni akho. Olu luphawu lomhlaza oqhubele phambili . Kule meko, uya kufuna unyango kunye nenkxaso yomhlaza oyintloko kunye ne-metastasis yamathambo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungoyiki, ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango, nokuhlala unethemba.

Ungaphila ixesha elingakanani nale meko?

Kunzima ukunika impendulo enye kulo mbuzo. Kuba kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Eli xesha linokwahluka, lidla ngokuqala kwiinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemine. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela eli xesha zezi:

• Uhlobo lomhlaza: Ngokutsho kolunye uphando, ixesha lokusinda komhlaza wemiphunga osasazeke emathanjeni limalunga neenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe, ngelixa kumhlaza weprostate osasazeke emathanjeni, ixesha lokusinda linokuba malunga neenyanga ezingama-53.
• Inqanaba lomhlaza: Abantu abanomhlaza ofunyaniswa kwisigaba soku-1 (Inqanaba loku-1) abanamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-bone metastases kunabo bafunyaniswa kwisigaba sesi-4 (Inqanaba lesi-4). Umzekelo, abaphandi abalandelela izinga le-bone metastases kwiminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba umhlaza ufunyaniswe bafumanise ukuba i-3% yabantu abanesigaba soku-1 bafumene le meko, ngelixa i-28% yabantu abanesigaba sesi-4 bayifumene.

Ndandinomhlaza wesigaba soku-1, owawusele upholile. Kutheni umhlaza wam wasasazeka?

Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha nasemva kokuba umhlaza unyangiwe kwaye sele upholile , umhlaza osasazekayo, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-bone metastasis, unokukhula. "Ukuxolelwa" kuthetha ukuba awunazo iimpawu kwaye akukho zimpawu zomhlaza ezinokufunyanwa kwiimvavanyo. Ukuba une-bone metastases, ugqirha wakho unokubiza le meko ngokuba yi-recurrent cancer . Umhlaza ophinda ubuye kuxa umhlaza ubuya emva konyango.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukwanda kwamathambo kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bakho. Ukuphila neempawu ezifana neentlungu kunye nokuziva ngathi umhlaza uyasasazeka akulula. Kodwa nazi ezinye iingcebiso ezinokukunceda:

• Yitya kakuhle: Iingxaki ezibangelwa kukukhula kwamathambo zinokuchaphazela umnqweno wakho wokutya. Thetha nengcali yesondlo ukuze uyile isicwangciso sokutya esisempilweni esikusebenzelayo.
• Cinga ngeenkqubo zokusinda kumhlaza: Ubusoloko usindile kumhlaza ukusukela ngomhla owafunyaniswa ukuba unesifo. Ngoku ekubeni ujongene ne-metastases yamathambo, nawe uyafana. Kusenokubakho iinkqubo kunye namaqela enkxaso anceda abantu abakwimeko efanayo neyakho.
• Buza ngokhathalelo lokudambisa iintlungu:Rhoqo, uphawu lokuqala lwe-metastases yamathambo ziintlungu zamathambo. Le ntlungu inokuba nzima kwaye ichaphazele umgangatho wobomi bakho. Unyango lwe-palliative lubandakanya amayeza eentlungu kunye nenkxaso yokulawula iintlungu. Unyango lwe-palliative lukwabandakanya neengcebiso zengqondo ukukunceda ulawule imingeni yeemvakalelo ehambisana nokuba nomhlaza ongapheliyo.
• Jonga uvavanyo lweklinikhi: Abaphandi bakhangela iindlela ezintsha zokunyanga i-bone metastases ezivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga novavanyo lweklinikhi olunokuba lufanelekile kuwe.

Ngaba ndifanele ndicinge ngokhathalelo lwe-hospice?

Kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucinga ukuba umhlaza wakho awunakunyangwa ngokuqhubeka nonyango, kwaye uneenyanga ezintandathu okanye ngaphantsi zokuphila ukuba unyango luyekiswa, unokucebisa unyango lwe-hospice . Unyango lwe-hospice lugxile kwintuthuzelo yakho yomzimba, ukukhululeka kwiintlungu, kunye nokulawula ezinye iimpawu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba iimpawu zakho ze-metastases yamathambo ziya zisiba mandundu, umzekelo, ukuba unentlungu ongenakukwazi ukuyilawula nokuba usebenzisa amayeza amiselweyo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Khumbula, akufuneki uphile nentlungu enzima ye-metastases yamathambo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu kunye nolunye unyango olungayi kuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bakho, kubandakanya nokukwazi kwakho ukuba kunye nabantu obathandayo.

Ndingaya nini kwiGumbi loNgxamiseko?

Ukuba uneempawu zokucinezelwa kwentambo yomgogodla, kufuneka utsalele umnxeba ku-911 okanye uye kwigumbi longxamiseko ngokukhawuleza. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ukuba imilenze yakho, iintende zeenyawo zakho, okanye isisu esisezantsi zivakala ngathi zindindisholo okanye azindindisholo.
• Ukuba unengxaki yokushukumisa imilenze yakho.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukulawula ukuchama okanye ukukhupha indle.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuchama konke konke.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, ucinezelo lomqolo lunokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni, ngoko ke ziqaphele ezi mpawu.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukufumanisa ukuba une-metastasis yamathambo, xa sele ujongene nomhlaza, kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi umgangatho wobomi bakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Ngawaphi amathambo am azaliswe ziiseli zomhlaza ngoku?
• Ukuba nomhlaza wamathambo kuyichaphazela njani imeko yam yokuqikelela isifo?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango okanye iindlela zonyango ezidibeneyo ezinokundinceda?
• Ngaba unyango lunokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-metastases yamathambo kwamanye amathambo?
• Ziziphi iindlela zokulawula iintlungu zethambo lam?
• Ndingayinciphisa njani ingozi yokuphuka kwamathambo?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi komhlaza wethambo kunye ne-Bone Metastasis?

Le yinto edida abantu abaninzi.

• Umhlaza wamathambo luhlobo lomhlaza oluqala emathanjeni akho, njenge -osteosarcoma okanye i-Ewing sarcoma .
• Ukusasazeka kwamathambo kuxa umhlaza owaqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho kamva usasazeka uye emathanjeni akho.

Ukusasazeka kwethambo luphawu lomhlaza osasazekayo. Usenokuxelelwa ukuba unethambo elisasazekayo, okokuqala xa usazi ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeke apho waqala khona. Iindaba zinokuba nzima kwaye zibangele uxinzelelo. Ngaphezu koko, ukwazi ukuba ukusasazeka kwethambo kubangela iintlungu ezingapheliyo kwaye kuchaphazela umgangatho wobomi bakho kunokuba nzima nangakumbi. Usenokuba nexhala kwaye woyike malunga nokuba uza kulindela ntoni emva koko. Kodwa khumbula, oogqirha bakho bakhona ukuze bakuphulaphule kwaye baqonde iinkxalabo zakho. Banokukunceda ngayo yonke into ukusuka ekulawuleni iintlungu zakho ukuya ekuchazeni ukuba uza kulindela ntoni ukuba umhlaza wakho usasazeka.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya:

Nangona i-metastasis yamathambo yimeko enzima, kukho iindlela zokuyilawula.

• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungaxhalabi uze ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo.
• Kukho unyango lokulawula iintlungu nokugcina umgangatho wobomi ulungile.
• Awuwedwa. Unentsapho, abahlobo, oogqirha kunye neengcali zempilo ezinokukunceda.
• Ukuhlala unethemba kwaye uqinile engqondweni kubaluleke kakhulu kolu hambo.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Uza kukuchazela yonke into.

Umhlaza , ukusasazeka kwamathambo, iintlungu zamathambo, ukusasazeka komhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, ukwanda kwe-calcium, ucinezelo lomqolo