Ngaba ingqondo yakho ayikho kwindawo enye? Ngaba kunzima ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho? Masithethe ngeBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi awukwazi ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho, kwaye izinto zifika ngokukhawuleza kangaka? Okanye ngaba ukho umntu omaziyo oneemvakalelo ezitshintsha ngequbuliso kangangokuba zihlala ziphazamisana nolwalamano lwakhe nabanye? Mhlawumbi unobangela wezi mvakalelo yimeko yengqondo esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) .

Yintoni le nto kuthiwa yi-borderline personality disorder (BPD)?

Ngamafutshane, i-borderline personality disorder (BPD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo ebonakaliswa kukuguquguquka okukhulu kweemvakalelo , ukungazinzi kubudlelwane phakathi kwabantu , kunye nokungakhathali .

Abantu abane-BPD banoloyiko olukhulu lokushiywa . Banobunzima bokulawula iimvakalelo zabo, ingakumbi umsindo. Banokwenza izinto ngokungxama, ngamanye amaxesha ngendlela eyingozi (umzekelo, ukuqhuba ngokungakhathali, ukusongela ngokuzenzakalisa) . Zonke ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zinokwenza kube nzima kubo ukugcina ubudlelwane obuhle nabanye.

Ingxaki yobuntu obunemida luhlobo lwengxaki yobuntu ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Cluster B". Le ngxaki yobuntu ye-"Cluster B" ibonakaliswa yindlela yokuziphatha engaqhelekanga, edla ngokuba yinqaba. Ingxaki yobuntu ziindlela zokuziphatha ezingapheliyo nezingasebenzi kakuhle eziphazamisana nokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla . Ezi ndlela zokuziphatha kunzima ukuzitshintsha, zikho kuyo yonke indawo, kwaye zinokukhokelela kwiingxaki zentlalo kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo.

Rhoqo, abantu abane-BPD abazi ukuba banale meko, kwaye abaqondi ukuba bangaziphethe kakuhle baze banxibelelane nabanye ngendlela enempilo.

Ngaba ezi meko zimbini zibizwa ngokuba yi-BPD kunye ne-bipolar disorder?

Ewe, kukho umahluko ocacileyo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Nangona isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuba yi-bipolar disorder sikwabandakanya utshintsho olukhulu kwimo yengqondo nakwindlela yokuziphatha, sahlukile kwi-BPD.

Kwi-BPD, isimo sengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza nangesiquphe xa ufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu, ingakumbi xa ujongene nabanye abantu . Kwi-bipolar disorder, iimvakalelo zihlala ixesha elide , kwaye aziphenduli ngokukhawuleza kwiziganeko zangaphandle. Abantu abane-bipolar disorder banotshintsho olukhulu kumandla kunye nomsebenzi, nto leyo eyahlukileyo kubantu abane-BPD.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

Iingxaki ezininzi zobuntu ziqala kwiminyaka yobutsha, xa ubuntu bakho busakhula kwaye bukhula.Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwabantu abafunyaniswe benesifo sobuntu obungapheliyo baneminyaka engaphezu kwe-18 ubudala.

Nangona nabani na enokuba ne-BPD, unokuba nayo ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-BPD (imbali yosapho ene-BPD) . Le ngozi ikwaphezulu nakubantu abanezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngexhala, ukudakumba, okanye iingxaki zokutya .

Malunga nama-75% abantu abafunyaniswe bene-BPD ngabafazi , kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba amadoda nawo anokuchaphazeleka yile meko. Nangona kunjalo, basenokuchongwa ngendlela engafanelekanga njengabanePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) okanye ukudakumba.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ingxaki yobuntu obungenamda yingxaki engaqhelekanga . Malunga ne-1.4% yabantu abadala eMelika bane-BPD.

Zithini iimpawu ze-borderline personality disorder (BPD)?

Iimpawu ze-BPD zihlala zibonakala xa usekwishumi elivisayo okanye xa sele ukhulile . Ezi mpawu zinokubangelwa okanye zibe mandundu sisiganeko esibuhlungu okanye amava abangela uxinezeleko.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi mpawu zihlala zincipha kwaye zinokuphela ngokupheleleyo.

Iimpawu zingahluka ukusuka ekulawulekeni ukuya kokunzima kakhulu. Ungabona naluphi na udibaniso lwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Uloyiko lokushiywa: Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abane-BPD bazive bengakhululekanga ukuba bodwa. Xa beziva belahliwe okanye bengahoywanga, banokuziva besoyika kakhulu okanye benomsindo. Basenokufuna abantu ababathandayo baze bazame ukubathintela ukuba bangamshiyi. Okanye, banokutyhala umntu ngaphambi kokuba asondele kakhulu, besoyika ukwaliwa. Khawuthelekelele umhlobo ocaphukayo xa ufika emva kwexesha ekuphenduleni umyalezo aze athi, "Undishiyile."
• Ubudlelwane obungazinzanga nobuqinileyo: Abantu abane-BPD banomngeni wokugcina ubudlelwane bobuqu obusempilweni kuba banokutshintsha ngequbuliso nangokuphawulekayo indlela abacinga ngayo ngabanye abantu. Banokuphatha umntu njengothixo ngomzuzu omnye baze bamphathe njengomntu ongento yanto ngomzuzu olandelayo. Oku kunokuba yinto eyahlukileyo. Ubuhlobo babo, imitshato, kunye nobudlelwane nosapho bahlala bengenazinjongo kwaye bengazinzi.
• Ukuziqonda okanye ukuzazi ngokwakho okungazinzanga:Abantu abane-BPD badla ngokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni ogqwethekileyo nongacacanga. Badla ngokuziva benetyala kwaye beneentloni, kwaye bazibona “bengababi.” Basenokutshintsha ngequbuliso umfanekiso-ngqondweni wabo, batshintshe iinjongo zabo, izimvo zabo, imisebenzi kunye nabahlobo babo. Basenokuphazamisa nophuhliso lwabo. Umzekelo, banokusebenzela “ukungaphumeleli” kuvavanyo, ukonakalisa ubudlelwane, okanye bagxothwe emisebenzini yabo.
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo lweemvakalelo: Abantu abane-BPD banokutshintsha ngequbuliso indlela abavakalelwa ngayo ngabanye, bona, kunye nehlabathi elibangqongileyo. Iimvakalelo ezingenangqondo ezifana nomsindo, uloyiko, ixhala, intiyo, usizi, kunye nothando zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza nangesiquphe. Olu tshintsho luhlala luhlala iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela, alufane lube ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ukuziphatha okungxamisekileyo nokuyingozi: Ukuqhuba ngokungxamisekileyo, ukulwa, ukungcakaza, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, ukutya kakhulu, kunye/okanye izenzo zesondo ezingakhuselekanga ziqhelekile kubantu abane-BPD.
• Ukuzilimaza okuphindaphindiweyo okanye ukuziphatha ngokuzibulala: Abantu abane-BPD banokuzisika, bazitshise, okanye bazilimaze , okanye basongele ngokwenza njalo. Basenokuba neengcinga zokuzibulala. Ezi ndlela zokuzilimaza zihlala zenzeka xa umntu emlahla, eziva elahliwe, okanye edaniswe zizo ngumnakekeli okanye umntu amthandayo.
• Iimvakalelo ezingapheliyo zokungabi nanto: Abantu abaninzi abane-BPD baziva belusizi, bekruqukile, benganelisekanga, kwaye "bengenanto." Iimvakalelo zokungabi nanto kunye nokuzithiya nazo ziqhelekile.
• Iingxaki zokulawula umsindo: Abantu abane-BPD banengxaki yokulawula umsindo wabo, kwaye bayacaphuka kakhulu. Banokukhupha umsindo wabo ngamahlaya aqatha, amazwi aqatha, okanye ukukhwaza nokuthuka ngokuphandle. Banokuziva beneentloni kwaye benetyala emva kwaloo maxesha.
• Iingcinga zexeshana zokungakhathali: Ngamanye amaxesha unokufumana iziqendu zokungakhathali , iingcinga zokungakhathali, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unokubona okanye uve izinto ezingekhoyo (imibono). Ezi mpawu zihlala zenzeka xa uphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu, ingakumbi xa usoyika ukushiywa. Ezi mpawu zezokwexeshana kwaye azibi nkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingathathwa njengesifo esahlukileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onesifo sokuphazamiseka kobuntu obuthile onazo zonke ezi mpawu. Ubunzima beempawu, ukuba zivela kangaphi, kunye nokuba zihlala ixesha elingakanani ziyahluka kumntu nomntu.

Zingaba yintoni izizathu zoku?

Oogqirha bakholelwa ukuba indibaniselwano yezinto ezibangela i-BPD inegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwe-BPD. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Ukuxhatshazwa kunye nokulimala kwabantwana: Malunga nama-70% abantu abane-BPD baye baxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, ngokweemvakalelo, okanye ngokwasemzimbeni besebancinci. Ukwahlukana nomama, ubudlelwane obubi nomama, imida engafanelekanga kusapho, kunye nokulutha ngabazali kweziyobisi nako kunxulunyaniswa ne-BPD.
• I-genetics: Izifundo zibonise ukuba ukuphazamiseka kobuntu obungenamda kuyenzeka kwiintsapho. Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-BPD, unokuba nayo, kodwa ayisosiqinisekiso sokuba uza kuba nayo.
• Utshintsho lobuchopho: Iindawo zengqondo ezilawula iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha kwabantu abane-BPD azinxibelelani kakuhle. Ezi ngxaki zichaphazela indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yabo.

Uyibona njani le meko?

Ngenxa yokuba ubuntu buqhubeka bukhula ngexesha lobuntwana kunye nokufikisa, oogqirha abadli ngokumxilonga umntu onesifo sobuntu esibangelwa yi-borderline personality disorder ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile ukuba umntu ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18 ubudala afunyaniswe ene-BPD ukuba iimpawu zakhe zinzima kakhulu kwaye ebekho ubuncinane unyaka.

Ingxaki yobuntu obunemida, kuquka nezinye iingxaki zobuntu, inokuba nzima ukuyixilonga kuba abantu abaninzi abanengxaki yobuntu abazi kakuhle iindlela zokuziphatha kunye neendlela zokucinga ezikhathaza abanye.

Nokuba bayalufuna uncedo, akubangelwa yingxaki yobuntu ngokwabo. Kunoko, bafuna uncedo kwiimeko ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba okubangelwa ziingxaki ezinxulumene nengxaki yobuntu babo (umz., uqhawulo-mtshato, ukulahlekelwa bubudlelwane).

Ingcali yezempilo yengqondo enelayisenisi – ugqirha wengqondo , ingcali yezengqondo , okanye unontlalontle weklinikhi – banokuyixilonga i-BPD. Basebenzisa imigaqo ye-BPD kwi -Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ye-American Psychiatric Association.

Ukuze benze oku, ba:

• Kuqhutywa udliwanondlebe olupheleleyo kwaye kuxoxwa ngeempawu.
• Imbali yezonyango zomntu ngamnye kunye nembali yezonyango yosapho ziyabuzwa, ingakumbi malunga neemeko zempilo yengqondo.
• Ukubuza ngemisebenzi yangaphambili.
• Bayabuza ukuba bangakwazi na ukulawula iingcinga zabo ngequbuliso.

Iingcali zempilo yengqondo zihlala zithetha nosapho kunye nabahlobo baloo mntu ukuze ziqokelele ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuziphatha kwakhe kunye nembali yakhe.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Ngokwembali, ukunyanga i-BPD kube ngumceli mngeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olutsha olusekelwe kubungqina, abantu abaninzi abane-BPD baye bafumana ukwehla kweempawu, ukuncipha kobunzima, ukusebenza ngcono, kunye nomgangatho wobomi ophucukileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, unyango olusebenzayo lufuna ixesha, umonde kunye nokuzinikela.Unyango lunokubandakanya unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha), amayeza, okanye zombini.

Ukuba uxinezelekile kakhulu okanye usemngciphekweni wokuzilimaza okanye wokwenzakalisa abanye, ugqirha wakho angacebisa ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele ixesha elifutshane. Ngexesha lokuhlala kwakho esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho uza kusebenza nawe ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango.

Abantu abanesifo sengqondo esibangelwa yi-borderline personality disorder badla ngokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo:

• Ukuphazamiseka kweemvakalelo (phakathi kwama-80% nama-96% abantu abane-BPD)
• Iingxaki zokuxhalaba (88%)
• Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi (64%)
• Iingxaki zokutya (53%)
• Ingxaki yokunqongophala kwengqwalasela/yokungasebenzi kakuhle (ADHD) (phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-30%)
• Isifo seBipolar (15%)
• Iingxaki zeSomatoform (10%)

Ukuba banesinye isifo esifana nesi, kufuneka bafumane unyango lwaso.

Unyango lwengqondo lwe-BPD

Unyango lwengqondo lolona nyango luphambili lwe-BPD. Injongo yonyango kukukunceda uchonge izizathu kunye noloyiko olusemva kweengcinga kunye nokuziphatha kwakho, kwaye kukuncede ufunde ukunxibelelana nabanye ngeendlela ezakhayo.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezinokunceda nge-BPD:

• Unyango Lokuziphatha Okubangela Uxinzelelo (i-DBT): Olu hlobo lonyango lwenzelwe ngokukodwa abantu abane-BPD. I-DBT igxile ekukuncedeni wamkele inyani yobomi bakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho, nokufunda ukutshintsha ubomi bakho, kuquka nokuziphatha okungancediyo. Ifundisa izakhono zokukunceda ulawule iimvakalelo ezinamandla, ukunciphisa ukuziphatha okuzilimazayo, kunye nokuphucula ubudlelwane.
• Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (i-CBT): Olu lunyango olucwangcisiweyo nolujoliswe kulo. Ingcali yakho yezengqondo okanye ingcali yezengqondo iya kukunceda ujonge iingcinga zakho neemvakalelo zakho. Uza kufunda indlela iingcinga zakho ezichaphazela ngayo izenzo zakho. Nge-CBT, ungafunda ukuyeka iingcinga ezimbi kunye nokuziphatha kwaye uphuhlise iindlela zokucinga ezisempilweni kunye nemikhwa.
• Unyango lwamaqela: Olu luhlobo lwe-psychotherapy. Kule meko, iqela labantu liyahlangana, lichaze kwaye lixoxe ngeengxaki zabo phantsi kweliso lengcali yezonyango okanye ingcali yezengqondo. Unyango lwamaqela lunokunceda abantu abane-BPD ukuba basebenzisane nabanye ngendlela eyakhayo baze baveze izimvo zabo ngempumelelo.

Amayeza e-BPD

Ngenxa yokuba iingenelo zamayeza kwi-borderline personality disorder azicaci, oogqirha abadli ngokunika amayeza njengonyango oluphambili lwe-BPD.

Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wengqondo angakunika amayeza okunyanga iimpawu ezithile okanye ezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo ezihambelanayo. Amayeza anokunceda ekunyangeni ixhala kunye nokudakumba, ukulawula utshintsho lweemvakalelo, okanye ukulawula ukuziphatha okungxamisekileyo. Amayeza e-antipsychotic/Neuroleptic anceda abanye abantu abane-BPD.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko? (Ingqikelelo)

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu ze-BPD ziyaphucuka kancinci kancinci xa abantu bekhula. Iimpawu zabanye abantu ziyaphela xa beneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi abane-BPD bafunda ukulawula iimpawu zabo nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi babo.

Ngaphandle konyango – okanye ukuba unyango aluphumeleli – abantu abane-borderline personality disorder basengozini enkulu yokuba:

• Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala.
• Uxinzelelo.
• Ukuzenzakalisa.
• Ukuzibulala.

Umngcipheko wokuzibulala phakathi kwabantu abane-BPD ungaphezulu ngokuphindwe kangama-40 kunabantu ngokubanzi. Phakathi kwe-8% kunye ne-10% yabantu abane-BPD bafa ngokuzibulala.

Abantu abaninzi abane-BPD enganyangwanga banobudlelwane bobuqu obungazinzanga nobungenazinjongo, kwaye banobunzima bokugcina umsebenzi. Basengozini enkulu yokuqhawula umtshato, ukungavisisani nosapho, kunye nokuphela kobuhlobo. Iingxaki zomthetho nezemali nazo zixhaphakile.

Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela yokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kobuntu obungaphelelanga.

I-BPD idla ngokuba kwiintsapho, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-BPD, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nayo. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba angaziqonda njani iimpawu zesi sifo ukuze ufumane unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ungamnceda njani umntu one-BPD?

Ukuba umazi umntu ophila ne-borderline personality disorder, nazi ezinye iindlela onokumnceda ngazo:

• Zinike ixesha lokufunda nge-BPD ukuze uqonde oko umntu omthandayo ajongene nako.
• Khuthaza umntu omthandayo ukuba afune unyango lwe-BPD. Ukuba ungowesizalwane, buza ngonyango losapho.
• Nika inkxaso ngokweemvakalelo, ukuqonda, kunye nomonde. Utshintsho lunokuba nzima kwaye loyikeke kubantu abane-BPD. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango, iimpawu zabo zinokuphucuka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile okanye uneempawu zengxaki yengqondo efana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba, cinga ngokufuna unyango. Khetha umntu ongengomntu omthandayo oza kukunika unyango.

Ukuzilimaza kunye nokuziphatha kokuzibulala kuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abane-BPD kunakuluntu ngokubanzi.

Abantu abane-BPD abacinga ngokuzilimaza okanye ukuzama ukuzibulala bafuna uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ujongene noxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo okanye ucinga ngokuzenzakalisa, fowunela u-1926 (umnxeba we-hotline wokuthintela ukuzibulala eSri Lanka).

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba i-borderline personality disorder (BPD) yimeko yempilo yengqondo ehlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, unyango oluhlala ixesha elide, olufana namayeza kunye nonyango lokuthetha, lunokukunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho. Kubalulekile ukudibana neqela lakho lezempilo rhoqo ukuze uhlaziye isicwangciso sakho sonyango kunye neempawu. Yazi ukuba oogqirha bakho kunye nabantu obathandayo bakhona ukukuxhasa.

Amalungu osapho kunye nabantu obathandayo abanesifo sengqondo esingapheliyo badla ngokuba noxinzelelo, ukudakumba, usizi kunye nokuba bodwa. Kubalulekile ukunyamekela impilo yakho yengqondo kunye nokufuna uncedo ukuba uhlangabezana nezi mpawu.

I- BPD, Ingxaki yoBuntu obuNgaphakathi, Impilo Yengqondo, Iingxaki zoBuntu, Ulawulo lweemvakalelo, Iingxaki zoBudlelwane, Iingxaki zokuziphatha