Ngaba wakha wacinga nje ukuba, ulifunda njani eli nqaku ngoku? Amehlo akho ajonge ezi leta, aya engqondweni yakho, ingqondo iyayiqonda kwaye ikuxelele. Okwangoku, intliziyo yakho iyabetha, uyaphefumla, ubushushu bomzimba wakho buyalawulwa. Ingqondo ephethe konke oku yile nxalenye imangalisayo engaphakathi kwentloko yethu, oko kukuthi, ingqondo yethu. Namhlanje, masithethe ngesi sikhungo solawulo lomzimba wethu, ngokulula.
Yintoni kanye kanye ingqondo?
Ngamafutshane, ingqondo yakho ifana ne-supercomputer emzimbeni wakho. Yonke into oyenzayo, yonke ingcinga, iimvakalelo, inkumbulo, intshukumo, kunye nokuziphatha onako kulawulwa kwaye kulawulwa yingqondo yakho. Kwanezinto ongaziqondiyo ukuba uyazenza, njengokuphefumla, isantya sentliziyo yakho, kunye nobushushu bomzimba wakho, zilawulwa yingqondo yakho. Enyanisweni, yonke into ekwenza "wena" ivela kwingqondo yakho.
Cinga nje, ingqondo yinkqubo entsonkothileyo eyenziwe ngamalungu amaninzi. Inxalenye nganye inomsebenzi wayo. Kodwa onke la malungu asebenza kunye, njengeqela. Le nkqubo isebenza ngokuthumela ulwazi phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba zii-neurons . Emva koko, olo lwazi luguqulelwa kulwimi oluqondwa ngumzimba wethu, kwaye luwuyalela ukuba wenze umsebenzi ofunekayo.
Ingqondo yethu iqhagamshelwe kwi-spinal cord. Ezi zimbini zenza i-Central Nervous System (CNS) yethu xa zidibene.
Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yobuchopho?
Ingqondo ifana ne-CEO yomzimba wethu. Ilawula yonke into. Makhe sijonge okwenzekayo engqondweni.
| Umsebenzi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Izenzo ezizenzekelayo | Izinto esingazilawuli ngabom, ezifana nokuphefumla, ukubetha kwentliziyo, ukulala, kunye nobushushu bomzimba. |
| Impendulo engxamisekileyo (Impendulo yokulwa okanye ukuhamba ngenqwelo moya) | Ukulungiselela umzimba ingozi okanye uloyiko. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yimpendulo yoxinzelelo. |
| Ulawulo lweemvakalelo | Ukujonga ukuba amalungu angaphakathi afana nezintso, isibindi, kunye nemiphunga asebenza kakuhle na. |
| Inkumbulo kunye neemvakalelo | Ukukhumbula izinto ezindala, ukukhumbula izinto ezintsha, ukufumana iimvakalelo ezinje ngolonwabo, usizi, kunye noloyiko. |
| Iintshukumo kunye nokulinganisela | Ukuhamba, ukubaleka, ukuhambisa iingalo zakho (umsebenzi wokunyakaza), ukugcina ulungelelwano lomzimba. |
| Ulwazi oluvela kwiimvakalelo ezintlanu | Ukuqonda izivamvo zokubona, zokuva, zokuvumba, zokungcamla, kunye nokuchukumisa. |
| Intetho nolwimi | Ukuthetha, ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, ukubhala, ukufunda. |
| Ukucinga nokwenza izigqibo | Ukusombulula iingxaki, ukucwangcisa, ukuqonda okulungileyo nokubi kunye nokwenza izigqibo. |
Ingqondo iyeka nini ukukhula?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ingqondo ikhule ngokupheleleyo xa sizalwa. Kodwa akunjalo. Ingqondo ikhula kakhulu ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ebusheni. Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha ixesha ukuba ingqondo ikhule ngokupheleleyo, oko kukuthi, ikhule. Ngokomyinge, ingqondo iyaqhubeka ikhula de kube malunga neminyaka engama-25 ubudala .
Enye yezona ndawo zokugqibela ekufuneka ziphuhliswe yi -prefrontal cortex . Le ndawo ikwicala elingasemva kwebunzi lethu. Le nxalenye yiyo esinceda senze izigqibo ezilungileyo, sihlele umsebenzi wethu, kwaye silawule iimvakalelo zethu.
Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha sibona abantu abaselula besenza izigqibo ezingxamileyo nezingenangqiqo. Kungenxa yokuba inxalenye yengqondo yabo ebancedayo ukuba benze izigqibo ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo.
Iindawo ezintathu eziphambili zobuchopho
Ingqondo yethu inokwahlulwa ibe ziinxalenye ezintathu eziphambili, nganye inomsebenzi wayo othile.
1. Ingqondo: Le yeyona nxalenye inkulu yobuchopho. Ilingana nobukhulu be-walnut enkulu. Yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini, okanye ii-hemispheres - ekhohlo nasekunene. Le nxalenye kulapho siqonda khona ulwazi oluvela kwiimvakalelo zethu ezintlanu. Ikwalawula izinto esizicingayo nesizenzayo, ezifana nentetho, inkumbulo, ukuziphatha, ubuntu, intshukumo, ukuqiqa, kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ezi hemispheres zimbini ziqhagamshelwe yinqwaba yee-nerve fibers ezibizwa ngokuba yi-corpus callosum .
2. I-Cerebellum: Le ikwindawo engasemva kwengqondo, phantsi kwe-cerebrum. Incinci, inesimo esincinci. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukulawula ibhalansi yomzimba wethu, ukuma, ukulungelelana, kunye nezakhono zomzimba ezintle. Umzekelo, le ndawo ikunceda wenze izinto ezifana nokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokufaka inaliti.
3. I-Brainstem: Le ikwindawo esezantsi kwengqondo. Idibanisa ingqondo kunye nomqolo. I-brainstem ilawula imisebenzi emininzi ezenzekelayo yomzimba wethu. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, ukuphefumla, ukulala kunye nokujikeleza kokuvuka, kunye nokuginya. Ezi asizozinto esizilawula ngabom.
Ukhuseleko lwengqondo
Ngenxa yokuba ingqondo lilungu elibaluleke kakhulu nelinobuthathaka, ifumene ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo.
- I-Cranium: Le nxalenye yamathambo ekhakhayi lethu yeyona ikhusela ubuchopho. Ifana neqokobhe lekhokhonathi.
- Ulwelo lweCerebrospinal (CSF): Ingqondo idada kolu lwelo. Oku kunceda ukuthintela umonakalo wengqondo xa kukho ukungcangcazela okanye ukothuka ngequbuliso.
- I-Meninges: Kukho iileya ezintathu zee-membranes ezikhuselayo phakathi kwekhakayi kunye nengqondo.
- I-Dura mater: Umaleko ongaphandle otyebileyo.
- I-Arachnoid membrane: I-membrane ebhityileyo, efana ne-spider-web embindini.
- I-Pia mater: Umaleko ongaphakathi onamathele engqondweni kwaye uqulethe imithambo yegazi.
Ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho
Kukho nezinye iindawo ezincinci zobuchopho ezenza imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ezimbalwa zazo.
| Inxalenye | Umsebenzi oPhambili |
|---|---|
| I-Amygdala | Ukulawula iimvakalelo, ingakumbi uloyiko. |
| I-Basal ganglia | Ulawulo kunye nokulungelelanisa iintshukumo zomzimba. |
| IHippocampus | Eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yenkumbulo nokufunda. |
| I-Thalamus | Kufana neziko eliqondisa ulwazi lweemvakalelo (iintlungu, ukuchukumisa) ukusuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ukuya kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zobuchopho. |
| I-Hypothalamus | Ulawulo lweehomoni, ukulawula indlala, unxano, ubushushu bomzimba, njl. |
| Indawo yolwimi lamathe | Indlala ephambili elawula umsebenzi weehomoni zomzimba. |
| I-pineal gland | Ukulawula imijikelo yethu yokulala nokuvuka. |
IiLobes zoBuchongo
I-cerebrum, ebesithethe ngayo ngaphambili, yeyona nxalenye inkulu yobuchopho, kwaye yahlulwe ngakumbi yaba zii-lobes ezine. Ngayinye kwezi lobes inomsebenzi owahlukileyo.
- I-Frontal lobe: Le nxalenye yengqondo, ekwibunzi, yeyona lobe inkulu. Ilawula iintshukumo zethu zokuzithandela, ukuqonda kwethu uluntu, ukucinga, nokufunda.
- I-Occipital lobe:Le nxalenye yengqondo, ekwicala elingasemva kwengqondo, inoxanduva lokuqonda ulwazi olubonakalayo, olu lulo olubona ngamehlo akho. Yiyo ekuncedayo ukuqonda oko ukubonayo xa ubukele iTV okanye uhamba esitalatweni.
- I-parietal lobe: Ifumaneka phezulu nangasemva kwengqondo, le lobe ifumana imiqondiso evela kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kwaye isinceda siqonde indawo esikuyo kunye nemeko yomzimba wethu. Le nxalenye iva izinto ezifana nokuchukumisa, iintlungu kunye nobushushu.
- I-temporal lobe: Ifumaneka kumacala omabini entloko, kufutshane neendlebe, le lobe inceda ekukhumbuleni inkumbulo, ukuqonda ulwimi, kunye neemvakalelo.
Izinto ezingwevu nezimhlophe zobuchopho
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva "ngento engwevu" kunye "nento emhlophe" yengqondo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zithini ezi zinto zimbini.
Ngamafutshane, i-grey matter ifana nekhompyutha, inxalenye eyenza umsebenzi. I-white matter ifana neentambo eziqhagamshelwe kuloo khompyutha, inxalenye ephethe ulwazi.
- I-Grey matter: Le yinxalenye engaphandle, emnyama yengqondo. Inceda kwimisebenzi yethu yemihla ngemihla, njengokulawula izihlunu, ukusebenzisa izivamvo zethu, ukukhumbula izinto, ukuva iimvakalelo, nokuthetha.
- I-White matter: Le ikwindawo engaphantsi kwe-grey matter. Ii-nerve fibers kule ndawo zithumela imiqondiso kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-central nervous system, zisinceda sisebenze kakuhle.
Izifo ezichaphazela ingqondo
Ngenxa yokuba ingqondo ilawula phantse yonke into emzimbeni wethu, iimeko ezichaphazela ingqondo zixhaphakile kakhulu. Ezi zinokuqala kwiimeko ezincinci ukuya kwiimeko ezinzulu. Ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer kunye ne-dementia
- I-Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- Ingxaki ye-Autism spectrum (ASD)
- Ukopha kwegazi ebuchotsheni
- Ithumba lobuchopho
- Ukubetheka kwengqondo - imivumbo entloko
- Uxinzelelo
- Isifo sokuwa
- Isifo sokugubhuka
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Istroke
- Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu
Kolu hlobo lwesigulo, impilo yakho yengqondo, iintshukumo, inkumbulo, ukucinga, kunye nentetho yakho zinokuchaphazeleka. Ukuba unezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike ingcebiso.
Singayigcina njani ingqondo yethu iphilile?
Sihlala sicinga ngeentliziyo zethu nezintso, kodwa asicingi kakhulu ngempilo yengqondo yethu. Kodwa ingqondo ilawula yonke into ngathi. Ke ngoko, ukugcina ingqondo isempilweni kubalulekile.
- Zilolonge ingqondo yakho: Ukufunda into entsha, ukufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba, ukwenza izinto ezifana neephazili zamagama axutyiweyo kunye neSudoku zizinto ezilungileyo zokuqeqesha ingqondo.
- Yiba nobudlelwane nabantu: Ukuthetha nokunxulumana nabahlobo kunye nosapho kulungile kakhulu kwimpilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Faka ukutya okutyebileyo kwizakhamzimba ezifana ne-omega-3, njengentlanzi, imifuno, iziqhamo kunye namandongomane.
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Ukuzilolonga kwandisa ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kwengqondo.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Kuxa ulele apho ingqondo ikhupha ulwazi olungafunekiyo oluqokelelwe imini yonke ize ilungiselele usuku olutsha. Ngoko ke, ukulala kakuhle ebusuku iiyure ezisi-7-8 kubalulekile.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo luyingozi engqondweni. Unganciphisa uxinzelelo ngokwenza izinto ezinje ngokucamngca, i-yoga, kunye nokwenza into oyithandayo.
- Khusela intloko yakho: Nxiba isigcina-ntloko xa ukhwela iibhayisekile kunye neebhayisekile. Ziphephe iimeko apho kunokubakho ukwenzakala entloko kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingqondo yakho yeyona ndawo iphambili elawula yonke imisebenzi yomzimba wakho.
- Ingqondo yenziwe ngamalungu ahlukeneyo, kwaye inxalenye nganye inomsebenzi othile.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela ingqondo ekulimaleni entloko. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa iindlela zokuzikhusela ezifana nezigcina-ntloko.
- Ukutya okunempilo, umthambo owaneleyo, ukulala kakuhle, kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu kunokunceda ukugcina impilo yengqondo.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nenkumbulo, intshukumo, intetho, okanye ukuziphatha, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza.
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