Ngaba nawe une-carotid artery evalekileyo entanyeni yakho? Masifunde yonke into ngayo!

Owu, ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba ingaba yingxaki enkulu kangakanani ukuba imithambo yegazi emikhulu kumacala omabini entamo yethu ivalekile? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kweempawu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esinokukhula kancinci kwaye ngequbuliso sivule indlela yemeko esongela ubomi efana nestroke . Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yiCarotid Artery Stenosis .

Yintoni iCarotid Artery Stenosis?

Ngamafutshane, iCarotid Artery Stenosis yimeko apho iCarotid Arteries kumacala omabini entamo yakho, imithambo yegazi ephambili ethwala igazi liye engqondweni yakho, ebusweni nasentlokweni, ivalwa ngaphakathi. Cinga ngayo njengombhobho wamanzi ovalwe luthuli nomhlwa, nto leyo enciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi. Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuvaleka kukuqokelelana kwento ebizwa ngokuba yiplaque ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi. Le 'plaque' yenziwe ikakhulu ngamanqatha e-cholesterol deposits .

Sinemithambo emibini ye-carotid kumacala omabini entamo yethu. Kumntu ophilileyo, le mithambo ifana nombhobho ococekileyo, igazi lihamba kakuhle ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Eli gazi lilo elithwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo kwingqondo yethu. Ngoko ke, xa i-plaque iqokelelana kwenye okanye zombini ezi mithambo yegazi, inani legazi elihamba liye ebuchotsheni liyancipha. Oku kubizwa ngoogqirha ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis . Le meko iyanda kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwaye ukuba ayinyangwa, inokukhokelela kwistroke esiyingozi, kwanokufa.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga ne-5% yabantu ngokubanzi banokuba nale meko. Ngokutsho kwe-American Stroke Association , i-stroke sesona sizathu sesihlanu sokufa. Umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-carotid, kunye ne-stroke, uyanda ngokuhamba kweminyaka. Oko kukuthi, yinto ekhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Zithini izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela oku?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela i-carotid artery stenosis. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba singazilawula ezinye zazo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunye necuba: Oku kunegalelo elikhulu kwizifo ezininzi. Ukutshaya konakalisa imithambo yegazi kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wokwakheka kwe-plaque.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Njengezinye izifo ezihambisana namafutha omzimba , ukutyeba kakhulu nako kuyayichaphazela le nto.
• Indlela yokuphila yokungaphumli: Le ngozi iphezulu kumntu osebenza esitulweni imini yonke kwaye engazilolongi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu / Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu):Xa uxinzelelo lusanda, iindonga zemithambo yegazi zinokonakala, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba i-plaque yakheke.
• I-cholesterol ephezulu: Ukuba inqanaba le-cholesterol egazini liphezulu, isithako esiphambili sokwakheka kwe-'plaque' esiyikhankanyileyo siyafumaneka.
• Isifo seswekile: Abantu abanesifo seswekile nabo banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki zemithambo yegazi. Isifo seswekile sitshintsha udonga lwemithambo yegazi, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba i-plaque yakheke.
• Ubudala: Njengoko ukhula, umngcipheko wakho wezifo ezininzi uyanda ngokwemvelo. Oku akuhlukile.

Xa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinto zidibene, umngcipheko wokuvaleka kwemithambo ye-carotid uyanda nangakumbi.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi emithanjeni ye-carotid akubangeli zimpawu de kube kuvele isifo sohlangothi . Isifo sohlangothi senzeka xa i-plaque emithanjeni iqhekeka, okanye i-blood clot yakheka kwi-plaque ize iye engqondweni, ivale umthambo omncinci wegazi engqondweni. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-ischemic stroke . Xa ukuhamba kwegazi kunqanyulwa ngale ndlela, iiseli zengqondo zilahlekelwa yioksijini kunye nezondlo kwaye ziqale ukufa.

Abanye abantu banokuba nohlaselo lwe-ischemic oludlulayo (TIA) ngaphambi kokuba bahlaselwe sistroke esikhulu. Oku kufana "nestroke encinci." Oku kwenzeka xa umthambo wegazi engqondweni uvaleka okwethutyana uze uvuleke kwakhona. I-TIA luphawu olubalulekileyo lwesilumkiso sokuba kuza istroke esikhulu.

Kubalulekile: Nokuba iimpawu ze-TIA ziyaphela kwimizuzu embalwa, musa ukuzityeshela. Ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza kunokunceda ukuthintela isifo sohlangothi esikhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zestroke okanye i-TIA?

Ezi mpawu zinokuvela ngequbuliso. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi , kuya kufuneka uye esibhedlele ngoko nangoko :

• Icala elinye lobuso liyagoba: Xa ucelwa ukuba uncume, elinye icala lobuso alikwazi ukuncuma kakuhle.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukungakwazi ukuthetha kakuhle: Kuba nzima kwabanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo, kwaye amagama ayaxaka.
• Ukulahlekelwa okanye ukungaboni kakuhle kwelinye iliso: Kusenokuvakala ngathi kukho ikhethini emnyama ewela phambi kwelinye iliso.
• Ukuba ndindisholo okanye ukuphelelwa yimvakalelo kwicala elinye lomzimba.
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye nokuphelelwa ngamandla kwelinye icala lomzimba: ukungakwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo okanye umlenze, ubunzima bokuhamba.

Ungasebenzisa isifinyezo esithi FAST ukukhumbula ezi mpawu:

• F - Ubuso obugobileyo
• Ubuthathaka bengalo
• S - Ubunzima bokuthetha
• T - Ixesha lokufowunela iinkonzo zongxamiseko (ukuya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko)

Nokuba kukho ukuvaleka komthambo we-carotid, kunokubangela ukukhubazeka.Ukuba awunamkhuhlane, usenokungaziboni iimpawu. Yiyo loo nto oku kuyoyikisa kancinci.

Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo?

Ixesha elininzi, i-carotid artery stenosis ifunyaniswa emva kokuba ubonakalise iimpawu zestroke. Ifunyaniswa kuphela xa oogqirha besenza uvavanyo lokufumana unobangela we-stenosis.

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ugqirha ehlola intamo yakho nge-stethoscope ngesinye isizathu, banokuva isandi esingaqhelekanga, isandi somlozi (isandi esivakalayo) sivela ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi. Oko kunokubangela ukurhanelwa ngesi sifo.

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa esi sifo nokufumanisa ukuba ingakanani na kwaye iphi na i-blockage:

• I-ultrasound scan (i-Ultrasound / i-Duplex Ultrasound): Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuvelisa imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi emzimbeni. Olu luvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu olwenziwa kumphezulu wolusu. Lunokujonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokuba kukho na ukuvaleka okanye ukuncitshiswa.
• I-CT Angiography (i-Computed Tomography Angiography - CTA): Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa umatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-'CT' scanner (isixhobo esisebenzisa i-X-rays ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba) ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi ye-carotid. Ngexesha lolu vavanyo, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi. Le dayi yenza iindawo ezivaliweyo zibonakale ngokucacileyo kwimifanekiso. Olu vavanyo lunokwenziwa nakubantu abafakelwe i-'pacemaker' okanye abafakelwe i-'stents' kwezinye izifo.
• I-Cerebral Angiography: Olu luvavanyo lokuxilonga. Nangona kunjalo, kolu vavanyo, i-catheter encinci (ityhubhu encinci) idluliselwa kwimithambo yegazi kwaye ukuvaleka kuyahlolwa. Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa idayi efanayo kwimithambo yegazi ukuze kubonwe iinkcukacha zemithambo ngokucacileyo. Olu luvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo kancinci.
• I-MR Angiography (Magnetic Resonance Angiography - MRA): Oku kufana ne-CT scan, kodwa ayisebenzisi ii-X-ray. Imifanekiso ithathwa kusetyenziswa amasimi emagnethi kunye namaza erediyo. Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu.

Uyichaza njani le nto yokuvaleka?

Xa besenza uxilongo, oogqirha bajonga ukuba unayo na imeko, ukuba imbi kangakanani, kunye nokuba ikwindawo enjani. I-Carotid artery stenosis ngokubanzi yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu aphambili: ithambile, iphakathi, kunye neqatha.

• Ukuvaleka okuncinci kulapho ukuvaleka kungaphantsi kwama-50%, oko kuthetha ukuba kungaphantsi kwesiqingatha sokuzala.
• Ukuxinana okuphakathi kuphakathi kwe-50% kunye ne-79%.
• Ukuvaleka okukhulu kuphakathi kwe-80% kunye ne-99% yokuvaleka, oko kuthetha ukuba inani elikhulu liyavaleka. Eli lelona nqanaba liyingozi kakhulu.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Eyona njongo iphambili yokunyanga i-carotid artery stenosis kukuthintela isifo ukuba singabi mandundu. Oku kuqala ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila :

• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo.(Ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi, ityuwa, neswekile, iziqhamo nemifuno eninzi)
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo .
• Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.

Ukongeza, oogqirha banokucebisa i-aspirin yemihla ngemihla, idosi yosana yemithi yokunciphisa igazi, amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuvaleka kukhulu, okanye ukuba ubonisa iimpawu ze-TIA okanye i-stroke, oogqirha banokucebisa utyando.

• Utyando lwe-Carotid Endarterectomy: Oku kuquka ukwenza umngxuma omncinci entanyeni, ukuvula umthambo wegazi, nokususa i-plaque eqokelelene ngaphakathi.
• Ukufaka i-stenting: Oku kuquka ukufaka i- stent encinci efana ne-mesh kumthambo wegazi ovalekileyo kusetyenziswa isixhobo esifana nenaliti, ukwandisa umthambo wegazi ngaphakathi. I-plaque emva koko ibanjwa phakathi kwe-stent nodonga lomthambo wegazi, ivumela ukuhamba kwegazi kuqhubeke ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ugqirha okanye ingcali yemithambo yegazi iya kugqiba ukuba loluphi utyando olufanelekileyo kuwe kwezi zimbini.

Ayizizo zonke izithintelo zemithambo ye-carotid ezifuna utyando okanye ukutshiswa nge-stenting. Ezi ndlela zonyango nazo zinemingcipheko. Oogqirha bacebisa ezi ndlela zonyango kuphela ukuba umngcipheko wokukhubazeka ngenxa yokuvaleka ungaphezulu kweengozi zotyando.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kolu tyando? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha?

I-carotid artery stenosis inokuba yingozi ukuba ayiqatshelwa kwaye inyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Ingakhokelela ekukhubazekeni , ekufeni, okanye ekukhubazekeni okungapheliyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu zestroke kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu ubona uphawu olunjalo.

Unyango lwangethuba lwe-carotid artery stenosis lunokusindisa ubomi. Xa kuyimfuneko, utyando kunye nokutshiza i-stent kuneziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu luhlala esibhedlele ubusuku bonke kwaye baphile ngokukhawuleza.

Njengoko ukhula, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nesifo semithambo yegazi i-carotid uyanda. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukuthintela le meko, nokuthintela iingxaki ezifana nestroke, kukugcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni . Imizekelo ibandakanya ukuzilolonga, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, kunye nokungatshayi. Bona ugqirha wakho wosapho kunye nogqirha wakho wentliziyo rhoqo kwaye ulandele icebiso labo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokugcina intliziyo yakho kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi isempilweni.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esithethe ngazo, ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Carotid Artery Stenosis yimeko apho umthambo wegazi oyintloko entanyeni uvalelwa ngamanqatha (i-plaque). OkuIstroke singenzeka.
• Ukutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo seswekile, kunye nokwaluphala zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela oku.
• Ixesha elininzi, oku kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kweempawu . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-'TIA' (i-mini-stroke) okanye iimpawu ze-stroke (ubuso obugobileyo, ubunzima bokuthetha, ubuthathaka engalweni okanye emlenzeni), yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza .
• Oku kunokubonwa ngovavanyo olufana ne -ultrasound, i-CTA, kunye ne-MRA .
• Unyango lubandakanya utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, amayeza, kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, utyando (iCarotid Endarterectomy) okanye ukufakwa kwe-stent .
• Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela oku kukuphila ubomi obusempilweni .

Uyivile? Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho. Hlala uphilile!

I- Carotid Artery Stenosis, Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi entanyeni, Ukukhubazeka, Istroke, Ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni, Amafutha agciniweyo, I-Cholesterol ephezulu, Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, Ukutshaya, Iimpawu, Unyango, I-Carotid Artery Stenosis Sinhala