Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kunjani xa ubeka iminwe yakho kumacala omabini entamo yakho? Leyo yimithambo yegazi emibini ebaluleke kakhulu ebetha ngesantya esifanayo nentliziyo yethu, kwaye ithwala ubomi engqondweni yethu, ebusweni, nasentanyeni . Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngala basebenzi babini abangathethiyo emzimbeni wethu, iCarotid Arteries. Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha ngendlela ebaluleke ngayo impilo yabo kubomi bethu.
Ngamafutshane, zithini imithambo ye-carotid?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umzimba wethu sisixeko esikhulu. Emva koko imithambo yegazi ifana neendlela ezikweso sixeko. Ezi ndlela zithwala ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo kuwo onke amalungu omzimba. Ngale ndlela, le mithambo ye-carotid ifana neendlela ezimbini eziphambili ezikhokelela ebuchotsheni, eliziko lolawulo lomzimba wethu.
Le mithambo mibini iphambili ifumaneka kumacala omabini entamo yethu, omnye kwicala ngalinye:
- Umthambo we-carotid oqhelekileyo wasekhohlo
- Umthambo we-carotid oqhelekileyo wasekunene
Le mithambo mibini iqala phezulu esifubeni sethu, inyuke entanyeni yethu, ize yahlulwe ibe ngamasebe amabini aphambili, ngaphantsi nje komhlathi wethu. Ifana nonobumba u-Y. Lo mxube siwubiza ngokuba yi-"Carotid Bifurcation".
Ezo masebe mabini zezi:
1. Umthambo weCarotid wangaphakathi: Le yinxalenye ephambili yendlela. Ingena ngqo ekhakhayini, inika igazi engqondweni yethu.
2. Umthambo weCarotid wangaphandle: Eli candelo linika igazi kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwekhakayi lethu, njengobuso bethu , intamo, kunye nentloko .
Imithambo yegazi eyahlukana ngale ndlela yahlukana ibe ngamasebe amancinci amaninzi, inika igazi elinomoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izicwili kunye nezitho ezisentlokweni nasentanyeni yethu.
Zisebenza njani kanye kanye ezi mithambo yegazi?
Umsebenzi oyintloko nokuphela kwawo wemithambo ye-carotid kukuthwala igazi elicocekileyo neligcwele ioksijini elimpontshelwa yintliziyo ukuya engqondweni nakwezinye iindawo zentloko ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Olu hambo kufuneka lube lula kwaye lukhawuleze.
Kodwa khawucinge, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba inkunkuma kunye nenkunkuma ziqokelelana ndaweni ithile kule ndlela zize zivale indlela? Bekuya kubakho ukuxinana kwezithuthi, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol zifakwa ngaphakathi kwezi mithambo (esiyibiza ngokuba yi-`(Plaque)`) kwaye ukuba umthambo uncipha, ukuhamba kwegazi kuyathinteleka. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, iimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-stroke zinokwenzeka.
Makhe sijonge indlela esebenza ngayo imithambo ye-carotid ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
Le nxalenye ithetha ngezonyango kancinci, kodwa masizame ukuyigcina ilula. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhumbule onke la magama, kodwa kufanelekile ukuba nombono ocacileyo wendlela asebenza ngayo.
Umthambo weCarotid wangaphandle
Iqala kwindawo apho iqhekeka khona njengonobumba u-Y ize inyuke iye endlebeni. Yahlulahlula ibe ngamasebe amakhulu amalunga nesi-8. La masebe anika igazi kwimisipha yobuso bethu, ulwimi, indlala ye-thyroid, iindlebe, kunye nentloko yentloko. Xa uchukumisa isidlele sakho, siba bomvu, kwaye xa ucheba, siyopha. Konke oku kuqhagamshelwe kumasebe aphuma kulo mthambo we-carotid wangaphandle.
Umthambo weCarotid wangaphakathi
Eli lelona sebe libalulekileyo. Lihamba ngentamo lize lingene ekhayeni ngomngxuma okhethekileyo osezantsi kwekhayeni obizwa ngokuba yi-"Carotid Canal". Xa sele lingaphakathi ekhayeni, lo mthambo ulandela indlela egobileyo nentsonkothileyo.
Oogqirha bayahlulahlula le mithambo ibe ngamacandelo aliqela (C1 ukuya ku-C7) njengoko ihamba ngentloko, kwaye bayibiza njalo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ukhumbule la magama. Kodwa ukuba ukhe waba nento efana ne-aneurysm kule mithambo, oogqirha baya kusebenzisa la magama ukukuxelela ngqo ukuba iphi na.
Ngaphakathi kwekhakayi, lo mthambo womthambo wahlukana ube ngamasebe amakhulu aliqela. La masebe anika igazi kwinxalenye enkulu yobuchopho bethu namehlo ethu .
| Uhlobo lomthambo | Umsebenzi ophambili | Iindawo eziphambili zokubonelela ngegazi |
|---|---|---|
| Umthambo weCarotid wangaphandle | Ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwekhakayi | Ubuso, intamo, intloko, ulwimi, indlala yegilo |
| Umthambo weCarotid wangaphakathi | Ukunikezelwa kwegazi kwiindawo ezingaphakathi kwekhakayi | Ubuchopho (ngokuyintloko), amehlo |
Zeziphi izifo ezichaphazela le mithambo yegazi?
Iingxaki zinokuvela kwezi ndlela zinkulu. Ukuba ziyavela, iziphumo zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Nazi ezinye zeengxaki eziphambili ezibonwayo.
- Isifo seCarotid Artery: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Carotid Artery Stenosis)`. `(Stenosis)` ithetha "ukuncipha." Oku kwenzeka kuba i-cholesterol, amafutha, kunye nezinye izinto zakha kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi, zenze umaleko otyebileyo we-`(Plaque).`` Kufana nokugqwala kunye nothuli oluqokelelana ngaphakathi kombhobho wamanzi, luvala indlela yokuba amanzi ahambe. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-`(Atherosclerosis).`` Le `(Plaque)`` ibangela ukuba umthambo unciphe, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iqhekeza lawo linokwaphuka lize livale umthambo omncinci wegazi engqondweni. Okanye, ihlwili legazi linokwenziwa phezu kwale `(Plaque)`, enokwaphuka ize ivale umthambo engqondweni. Le yimbangela enkulu yohlaselo lwe-ischemic oludlulayo (TIA) okanye i-stroke egcwele ngokupheleleyo .
- I-Carotid Artery Aneurysm: Le yindawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uqhume njengebhaluni. Amahlwili egazi anokwenziwa kule qhuma. Ingakhula ibe nkulu ize iqhume ngequbuliso (iqhume).
- Ukuqhaqha kweCarotid Artery: Oku kukukrazuka okanye ukuqhekeka komaleko ongaphakathi wodonga lwemithambo. Oku kunokuthintela okanye kuthintele ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwistroke.
- I-Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD): Le yimeko engaqhelekanga apho ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kweeseli kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi kunokukhokelela ekuncipheni kwemithambo yegazi, ii-aneurysms, okanye ukuqhekeka kwemithambo yegazi.
Lumka kakhulu ngezi mpawu!
Abantu abaninzi abanesifo semithambo yegazi ebuhlungu abanazo iimpawu. Iimpawu zihlala zivela emva kwemeko engxamisekileyo, efana nohlaselo lwe-ischemic oludlulayo (TIA) okanye i-stroke. Ke ngoko, ukwazi ezi mpawu zilandelayo kuwe nakusapho lwakho kunokunceda ekusindiseni ubomi.
Ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukulibazisa okomzuzwana kwaye ngoko nangoko fowunela inkonzo ye-ambulensi ka-1990 (Suvaseriya) okanye uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Icala elinye lobuso ligobile okanye liziva lingenabomi.
- Ukungacaci kwamagama, ukungakwazi ukwakha amagama, okanye intetho engacaciyo xa uthetha .
- Ukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso okanye ukungaboni kakuhle kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo . Kusenokuvakala ngathi kukho ikhethini emnyama ewela phambi kwamehlo.
- Ukuba ndindisholo, ubuthathaka, okanye ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo kwelinye icala lomzimba (ingalo, umlenze) .
- Ukulahlekelwa luvakalelo kwicala elinye lomzimba.
Khawucinge nje utata wakho ethetha amazwi akhe ngequbuliso xa ethetha, okanye ubuso bakhe bujongeka bujonge kwelinye icala... Musa ukucinga ukuba, "Masilinde umzuzwana." Yonke imizuzwana isenokuba itshabalalisa iiseli zengqondo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza into ngoko nangoko.
Uyijonga njani imithambo yakho ye-carotid?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga nge-carotid artery yakho, into yokuqala abaya kuyenza kukubeka i-stethoscope entanyeni yakho aze amamele isandi segazi elihamba ngayo. Ukuba i-artery inciphile, unokuva isandi esingaqhelekanga 'sokukhwaza' (carotid bruit) njengoko igazi lihamba.
Kwakhona, ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi imeko, ungabhekisa kwezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:
- I-Carotid Ultrasound: Uvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukujonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokuba lincinci kangakanani. (Linda, "বির্ভাগন" sisiBengali. Ndimele ndiphephe oko. Ndiza kuphinda ndithi: "সাব্দা তার্থানে মালিকা..."). Uvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu olusebenzisa amaza esandi ukujonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi kunye nokuba lincinci kangakanani.
- I-CT Scan / I-CT Angiogram: Ukufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi kusetyenziswa ii-X-ray.
- I-MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiogram - MRA): Ukufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zemithambo yegazi kusetyenziswa intsimi yemagnethi.
- I-Carotid Angiogram: Uvavanyo olusebenzisa ii-X-rays ukuze lubone ngokucacileyo ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ngokufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo kuyo.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba umthambo wakho we-carotid unciphile okanye uvalekile, kukho unyango olufumanekayo. Unyango luxhomekeke ekubeni umthambo wakho unciphile kangakanani, zithini iimpawu zakho, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Unyango ngamayeza
- Amayeza okulwa neeplatelet: Amayeza afana ne-aspirin anciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi.
- Amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi: Ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lonakalisa imithambo yegazi, kubalulekile ukululawula.
- Amayeza okwehlisa i-cholesterol: Amayeza afana ne-"Statins" anciphisa ukwakheka kwe-"plaque" eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi.
Utyando kunye nezinye iindlela
- I-Carotid Endarterectomy: Olu lutyando oluvula umthambo kwaye lukhuphe i-plaque eqokelele ngaphakathi. Olu lucoca umthambo kwaye lubuyisele ukuhamba kwegazi.
- I-Carotid Angioplasty kunye ne-Stenting: Le yinkqubo eyenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci. Ucingo olunebhaluni olunamathele kulo ludlula kwindawo encitshisiweyo yomthambo, kwaye ibhaluni iyavuthelwa ukuze yandise indawo encitshisiweyo. Emva koko, kufakwa ityhubhu encinci efana ne-mesh (Stent) ukuze kuthintelwe indawo ukuba inganciphi kwakhona.
Ndingayigcina njani imithambo yam ye-carotid isempilweni?
Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukugcina intliziyo yakho yonke kunye nenkqubo yemithambo yegazi iphilile, kungekuphela nje kwemithambo yakho ye-carotid.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.Ukutshaya yeyona nto ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimithambo yakho yegazi. Ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuyeka, buza ugqirha wakho.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo. Zimisele ukutya okuseMeditera okuquka imifuno, iziqhamo, iimbotyi, iintlanzi kunye namafutha anempilo afana neoyile yomnquma. Nciphisa ukutya okuneoyile eninzi, iswekile kunye netyuwa.
- Zilolonge rhoqo. Zama ukwenza umthambo ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, njengokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise nayiphi na inkqubo yomthambo.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Ukutyeba kakhulu sesona sizathu siphambili sesifo sentliziyo kunye nokuncitshiswa kwemithambo yegazi.
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, okanye i-cholesterol , landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye uyilawule kakuhle.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imithambo yegazi ye-carotid yimithambo yegazi emibini ebaluleke kakhulu ekwicala lentamo yethu ethwala igazi liye engqondweni.
- Ii-cholesterol ezifakwa kwezi mithambo yegazi (i-atherosclerosis) zinokuyinciphisa kwaye zibangele izifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-stroke.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokugoba kwelinye icala lobuso bakho, ukuthetha okungacacanga, okanye ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokuphepha ukutshaya) kunokukhusela imithambo yakho ye-carotid kunye nentliziyo.
- Ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze ufumane uvavanyo kunye neengcebiso ezifunekayo.
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