Masifunde ngophuhliso lwentloko nengqondo yomntwana wakho (iingxaki zeCephalic)

Ukuba ungumama ozayo okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ulindele umntwana, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi yonke into ngempilo yomntwana wakho, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho iimeko apho intloko yomntwana, ubuchopho, okanye umqolo wakhe ungakhuli kakuhle esibelekweni. Ezi ziimeko esizibiza ngokuba yiCephalic Disorders . Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama, nangona linzima kancinci, siza kuthetha ngalo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Zithini ezi ngxaki zeCephalic?

Ngamafutshane, iingxaki ze-cephalic ziimeko ezenzeka ngexesha lesigaba somntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa, oko kukuthi, xa umntwana ekhula esibelekweni, xa ingqondo kunye nomqolo zingakhuli kakuhle. Ezi ziingxaki zeenkqubo zemithambo-luvo. Ezi meko ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezinye iindawo, amalungu omzimba, kunye neenkqubo zomzimba.

Igama elithi "cephalic" livela kwigama lesiGrike lamandulo elithetha "intloko." Nangona ezi meko zibandakanya ubuchopho, zinokuchaphazela nomqolo, njengoko ingqondo kunye nomqolo zikhula kunye. Xa zidibene, zakha iNkqubo yethu yeNervous System (CNS) .

Ezi meko zinokuqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima kakhulu. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, umntwana ongekazalwa usenokungakwazi ukusinda kwezi meko. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuphunyelweni yisisu kwiiveki zokuqala ezingama-20 zokukhulelwa, okanye ekuzalweni komntwana oswelekileyo emva kweeveki ezingama-20.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zeengxaki ze-cephalic?

Ewe, iingcali zonyango zihlela ezi meko ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili:

1. Indawo echaphazelekileyo: Zeziphi iindawo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi (CNS) ezichaphazelekileyo? Ngaba ezinye iindawo, amalungu omzimba, okanye iinkqubo zomzimba ziyachaphazeleka?

2. Uhlobo lwempembelelo: Iindawo ezichaphazelekayo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi zikhule njani ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunendlela ebezilindelwe? Oko kukuthi, ngaba zikhulu, zincinci, okanye zitshintshile ngenye indlela?

3. Unobangela: Yintoni unobangela wokulibaziseka kokukhula? Ingaba kungenxa yesiganeko okanye imeko-bume echaphazela umama okhulelweyo, okanye yimfuza?

Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi meko?

Iingxaki zeCephalic ngokwenene ziimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Zichaphazela phakathi kwe-0.14% kunye ne-0.16% yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ezi meko zibangela phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-6% yeentsana ezizalwa zifile.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki ze-cephalic?

Ezi meko zinokwahlulwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezintathu:

• Iziphene zetyhubhu yobuchopho
• Umahluko kubungakanani ( entlokweni okanye engqondweni)
• Umahluko kwimilo ( kwikhaka okanye engqondweni)

Iziphene zeMibhobho yeNyembo

Ityhubhu ye-neural sisakhiwo esikhethekileyo esikhula kwi-fetus kwinyanga yokuqala yokukhulelwa. Kulapho ke ingqondo, intambo yomgogodla, kunye nentambo yomgogodla zikhula khona kamva. Ngamanye amazwi, sisiseko senkqubo ye-nervous yomntwana. Ke ngoko, ezi meko ezinxulumene netyhubhu ye-neural zichaphazela ngqo uphuhliso lwenkqubo ye-nervous ephakathi (CNS).

Ezi meko zinokubangela ukuba amanyathelo athile ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo okanye umqolo ahambe gwenxa, okanye angenzeki kwaphela. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• I-Anencephaly: Le yimeko enzulu kakhulu apho uninzi lweendawo zengqondo kunye nentloko zikhula kancinci okanye azikhuli konke konke.
• I-Encephalocele: Umngxuma okwikhakayi obangela ukuba izicubu zobuchopho kunye nolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal ziphume kwikhakayi njengengxowa.
• I-Spine bifida: Ukusilela kokukhula ngokupheleleyo komgogodla. Kukho ezinye iintlobo zale nto, njenge-meningocele kunye ne-myelomeningocele.
• Ukukhubazeka kweChiari: Imeko apho inxalenye yengqondo iphuma khona ngomngxuma osezantsi kwekhakayi. (Uhlobo lwesibini lunokubangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-myelomeningocele ebizwa ngokuba yi-spina bifida.)

Umahluko wobukhulu

Ezi ziinguqu ezichaphazela ubungakanani bentloko okanye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi. Cinga ngayo, ngamanye amaxesha intloko inokuba nkulu kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha inokuba ncinci kakhulu.

• Umahluko kubukhulu bekhakayi:
• I-Macrocephaly: Ukuba nentloko enkulu ngokungaqhelekanga.
• I-Microcephaly: Ukuba nentloko encinci ngokungaqhelekanga.
• Utshintsho kubungakanani bobuchopho:
• I-Megalencephaly: Ukuba nengqondo enkulu ngokungaqhelekanga.
• I-Microencephaly: Ukuba nengqondo encinci ngokungaqhelekanga.

Umahluko kwiMilo

Ezi ziinguqu kwimo yentloko okanye ingqondo.

• Utshintsho kwimilo yentloko:
• I-Acrocephaly: Intloko ephakamileyo okanye engqukuva.
• I-Brachycephaly: Intloko ibanzi kwaye ithe tyaba ngasemva, endaweni yokuba yingqukuva.
• Utshintsho kwimilo yengqondo:
• IHoloprosencephaly: Ii-hemispheres (amacala) obuchopho azahlulwanga.
• I-Lissencephaly: Ingqondo egudileyo engenamibimbi okanye amaqhubu afana neminwe kumphezulu wobuchopho.
• I-Hydranencephaly: Imeko apho ii-hemispheres zobuchopho zingaphuhli kakuhle ngenxa yobuninzi bolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal kwi-skull. (Oku kwahlukile kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-hydrocephalus.)

Zithini iimpawu zezi meko?

Iimpawu zeengxaki ze-cephalic zahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko. Ngenxa yokuba zininzi zezi meko, iimpawu zingahluka ngokubanzi.

Ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonakala rhoqo zezi:

• Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo.
• Ukuxhuzula okanye isifo sokuwa.
• Iingxaki zokulawula izihlunu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentshukumo.
• Ukulahlekelwa kancinci okanye ngokupheleleyo kwezakhono zokuva (ukubona, ukuva, ukuvumba, ukungcamla, ukuchukumisa).
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka okubangelwa ziingxaki zomqolo okanye imithambo-luvo yomqolo.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwiinkqubo zomzimba ezizenzekelayo ezifana nokugaya ukutya nokuphefumla.
• Intlungu (oku kunokubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo kwaye kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu).

Ukongeza kwezi ngxaki zemithambo-luvo, nezinye iinkqubo zomzimba zinokuchaphazeleka okanye zibe neengxaki. Ezi zinokuhluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu kunye nemeko esisiseko. Ugqirha wakho unokuchaza ngcono iimpawu ezinokubakho ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho ethile.

Zithini izizathu zeengxaki zeCephalic?

Nantoni na echaphazela indlela ingqondo okanye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ekhula ngayo inokubangela isifo se-cephalic. Ezi zizathu zinokwenzeka zahlulwe kwiindidi ezininzi eziphambili:

• I-genetics: Iingxaki ezininzi ze-cephalic zinokubangelwa kukuguquka kwe-DNA okuzuzwe kubazali okanye okusandula ukwenzeka.
• Iimeko zonyango zomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinokuchaphazela uphuhliso lomntwana ongekazalwa. Umzekelo, izifo zemetabolism kunye nokunqongophala kwezondlo (ingakumbi iiminerali ezifana nekopolo, i-zinc kunye ne-folate (i-folic acid - i-vitamin B9). Kwakhona, ezinye izifo ezifana ne-toxoplasmosis, i-cytomegalovirus okanye i-rubella zinokubangela ezi meko.
• Ukuvezwa zizinto ezithile: Izinto ezithile, amayeza, okanye iimeko zokusingqongileyo zinokuchaphazela uphuhliso lomntwana ongekazalwa. Iingcali zikwabiza ezi "teratogens." Imizekelo: iimetali ezinobuthi ezifana nelothe kunye nemercury, ezinye ii-antibiotics, okanye izinto ezinciphisa igazi.
• Iimeko zendalo: Ukuvezwa kwimitha yelanga, efana neyoomatshini be-X-ray, okanye ukuchitha ixesha kwiibhafu ezishushu okanye kwiisauna, nako kunokuchaphazela umntwana ongekazalwa. Ukulimala emzimbeni ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokonakala komntwana ongekazalwa kwaye kuchaphazele uphuhliso lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kwezi meko?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela iingxaki ze-cephalic. Ezinye izinto, njengezakhi zofuzo zakho kunye nembali yosapho, zingaphaya kwamandla ethu. Ezinye, njengokuphepha imisebenzi ethile okanye imisebenzi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, okanye ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezithile zeentlanzi (iintlanzi ezitya ezinye iintlanzi zinamanqanaba aphezulu e-mercury) ngexesha lokukhulelwa, zinokulawulwa.

Ugqirha wakho angakunceda ubone izinto ezikubangela umngcipheko kunye nento onokuyenza ngazo. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onengxaki yesifo sentliziyo, angakucebisa ukuba ubone omnye umntu ochwephesha, njengomcebisi wezofuzo.

Ziziphi iingxaki zeCephalic Disorders?

Njengezi meko, iingxaki zazo nazo zahlukile kakhulu. Ezinye iimeko zineengxaki ezincinci, okanye zisenokungabi nazo kwaphela iingxaki. Ezinye zineengxaki ezinzima, ezifana neengxaki zokuphefumla, ukuxhuzula, okanye isifo sentliziyo. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, iingxaki ze-cephalic zithintela ubuchopho kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ukuba ingakhuli kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto iimeko ezinzima zihlala zibeka ubomi esichengeni.

Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela iingxaki umntwana wakho anokuba nazo kunye nento onokuyenza ngazo.

Zifunyaniswa njani izifo ze-cephalic?

Iingxaki ezininzi ze-cephalic zinokufunyaniswa ngaphambi kokuzalwa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bokufota imifanekiso efana ne-sonography. Ezinye zinokufunyaniswa emva kokuzalwa ngokuhlolwa ngokwasemzimbeni. Kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, ukufota imifanekiso, kunye novavanyo lwelabhoratri ukuze kuchongwe ngokuchanekileyo imeko engundoqo.

Nazi ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokwenziwa ngaphambi nasemva kokuba umntwana ezelwe:

• I-X-ray okanye i-Computed Tomography (CT) scan.
• Iskeni seMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
• Uvavanyo lwelabhoratri kwigazi okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza (ngaphambi okanye emva kokuzalwa).

Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko ekucingelwayo ukuba ikhona, iimpawu, kunye nezinye izinto, ezinye iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa emva kokuba umntwana ezelwe. Ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela okungakumbi malunga novavanyo abalucebisayo.

Zinyangwa njani ezi meko? Ngaba zinokunyangwa?

Unyango lweengxaki ze-cephalic zahlukile kakhulu. Ezinye izifo azinyangeki, kwaye iziphumo zazo zinzima kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ziphile nazo.

Ezinye iimeko zinokunyangwa ngotyando okanye ezinye iindlela. Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ezininzi ze-cephalic azinakunyangeka ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ukhetho olulodwa kukuzamela ukulawula iimpawu. Oku kunokubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza, utyando, izixhobo zokuncedisa, kunye nee-braces zokulungisa.

Ngenxa yokuba oku kunokwahluka kakhulu, ugqirha wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukuchazela ukuba zeziphi iindlela ezikhoyo kuwe okanye kumntu omthandayo. Banokukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo, oko bakucebisayo, kunye noko unokukwenzela umntwana wakho ukuze afumane unyango oluninzi okanye alwenze lusebenze ngakumbi.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba umntwana wam unesifo sokuqaqamba kwentloko?

Amaxesha amaninzi, wena, umzali, umgcini, okanye omnye umnakekeli, ningabantu bokuqala ukwazi ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo se-cephalic. Oku kungenxa yokuba uninzi lwezifo ze-cephalic zifunyanwa ekuzalweni okanye kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi. Oku kunokwahluka kakhulu, ngoko ke ugqirha wakho ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukuxelela into omawuyilindele.

Ezinye izifo ze-cephalic zinokuba nefuthe elincinci kubomi bomntwana kwaye zinokulawulwa ngoncedo okanye utshintsho oluncinci. Ezinye zinokulungiswa kwasebuntwaneni ngotyando okanye ezinye iinkqubo zonyango.

Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki ze-cephalic zihlala zinzima. Zinokunciphisa amandla omntwana okuzinyamekela, ukuzenzela izigqibo, okanye ukuphila ngokuzimela. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantwana abanezi meko banomonakalo omkhulu engqondweni. Basenokungakwazi ukuzinyamekela okanye ukuqonda imeko yabo.

Ezi meko zihlala ixesha elingakanani?

Iingxaki zeCephalic ziimeko zokuzalwa, oko kuthetha ukuba zikhona xa umntu ezalwa. Nangona ezinye zinokulungiswa kancinci okanye ngokupheleleyo emva kokuzalwa, ezininzi azikwazi. Ukuba azinakulungiswa okanye zinyangwe, ziimeko zobomi bonke.

Iyintoni imbonakalo yezi meko?

Imbonakalo yeengxaki ze-cephalic iyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu, kwanaphakathi kwabantu abanesimo esifanayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi meko zinokuvela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kumntu ngamnye. Ugqirha womntwana wakho ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela ngembonakalo enokwenzeka kunye nento onokuyenza ukuyiphucula.

Ngaba izifo zeCephalic zinokuthintelwa?

Ezi meko zinokwenzeka ngequbuliso, ngoko ke azinakuthintelwa ngokuqiniseka okupheleleyo. Nangona iimeko zemfuza ezibangela ezi zifo zihlala zizuzwa njengelifa, zinokubangelwa kukuguquka okuzenzekelayo, oko kuthetha ukuba azidluliselwa kuwe ziye emntwaneni wakho.

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zokukhula komntwana ongekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zophuhliso losana olungekazalwa:

• Ziphephe ii-teratogens:Kuphephe ukuvezwa kwiintsimbi ezinzima, iikhemikhali, kunye namayeza asemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphazamisa ukukhula komntwana ongekazalwa. Kwakhona kuphephe ukusebenzisa utywala, iziyobisi ezingagunyaziswanga ngugqirha, kunye neemveliso zecuba (kuquka nokuvasa).
• Zikhusele kwiingozi: Ziphephe izinto ezinokubangela ingozi emzimbeni kumntwana ongekazalwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Kwakhona, ziphephe izinto eziquka amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, njengeebhafu ezishushu kunye neesauna.
• Yazi umngcipheko wosapho lwakho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onembali yeengxaki ze-cephalic, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwemfuza ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe okanye kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho. Ukuba umngcipheko wosapho lwakho awaziwa, ugqirha wakho uya kukunika ingcebiso malunga nokuba ufanele uvavanywe na.
• Beka isondlo kwindawo yokuqala: Ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa kungekudala, kufuneka ubeke phambili isondlo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana ukutya okucetyiswayo kwemihla ngemihla kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-folate (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-folic acid okanye i-vitamin B9). ESri Lanka, i-folic acid inikwa rhoqo oomama abakhulelweyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika iingcebiso malunga nobungakanani obufunekayo kunye nezinye izakhamzimba ekufuneka uzithathe. Ungafuna iingcebiso kwi-Family Health Worker (PHM) yasekuhlaleni.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam?

Ukuba umntwana onesifo se-cephalic anganyanyekelwa njani kwaye njani kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Oku kuquka imeko yomntwana kunye nobunzima bayo. Abantwana abaninzi abaneengxaki ze-cephalic bachaphazeleka kakhulu kangangokuba bafuna unyango lobomi bonke. Abanye banokufuna utyelelo lwezonyango rhoqo kuphela. Abanye banokufuna unyango olunezakhono ezingama-24/7 olunokubonelelwa kuphela kwiziko lezonyango.

Ngenxa yokuba le mpendulo ingahluka kakhulu, ugqirha wakho ngoyena mntu ulungileyo ukukuxelela ukuba umntwana wakho, okanye umntu omthandayo onale meko, angazinyamekela na. Ugqirha wakho angakukhokela nendlela engcono yokunyamekela umntwana wakho.

Abazali abakhulelweyo abafuni kuva ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngophuhliso losana olusandul’ ukuzalwa okanye ukuba umntwana wabo osandul’ ukuzalwa unesifo esinzulu. Ezinye izifo ze-cephalic zincinci, oko kuthetha ukuba azinampembelelo ingako okanye azinampembelelo kwaphela kubomi bomntwana. Ezinye zinokunyangwa. Ngelishwa, ezinye zinzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingabulala okanye zibangele iingxaki zobomi bonke.

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika, uxhalabile, okanye unomsindo xa imeko efana nale ichaphazela ubomi bakho ngandlela thile. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, kubalulekile ukugxila ekuzinyamekeleni wena kunye nabantu obathandayo. Oogqirha bakho banokukukhokela kule nkqubo baze baphendule imibuzo malunga nokuba ungalindela ntoni. Banokukunceda ufumane izixhobo kunye nenkxaso oyifunayo ukuze uqonde okwenzekayo kunye nento onokuyenza. Nokuba sisiphumo sithini na, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uhlangabezane nazo, uzilawule, okanye uphilise kuyo nayiphi na into eyenzekayo, kwaye asiyonkqubo ekufuneka uyidlule wedwa.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• Iingxaki zeCephalic ziimeko ezenzeka xa ingqondo yomntwana kunye nomqolo wakhe zingakhuli kakuhle esibelekweni.
• Ezi azixhaphakanga, kodwa zinokuqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima kakhulu.
• Izizathu zahlukile: i-genetics, iimeko zomama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuchatshazelwa zizinto ezithile, njl.
• Iimpawu, unyango, kunye nendlela esizibona ngayo izinto ziyahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko leyo. Kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Nangona ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, ingozi ingancitshiswa ngandlela ithile ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo ngexesha lokukhulelwa (ingakumbi ukuthatha i-folic acid) kunye nokuphepha izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
• Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwimeko efana nale. Awuwedwa, fumana uncedo koogqirha nakumaqela enkxaso.

Iingxaki zeCephalic , Ukukhubazeka kobuchopho, Iziphene zeMibhobho yeNeural, iMicrocephaly, iHydrocephalus, Impilo yokukhulelwa, Uphuhliso lweSibeleko