Sisoloko sithetha ngezifo ezifana ne-dengue kunye ne-malaria, akunjalo? Kodwa kukho ezinye izifo esingazivayo kangako ngazo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ngazo. Esinye sezifo ezinjalo sisifo seChagas. Nangona oku kungaqhelekanga kakhulu kwilizwe lethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi, ingakumbi ukuba undwendwela amazwe aseMzantsi Melika. Esi sifo sibangelwa yi-parasite encinci kakhulu. Ngokwezonyango, igama lale parasite yi-'Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)'.
Esi sifo singena njani emzimbeni?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqonde kukuba esi ayisosifo esinokusasazeka ngokulula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye njengomkhuhlane. Sinendlela ethile yokusasazeka kwaso.
Esi sifo sisasazeka sisinambuzane esikhethekileyo. Sibizwa ngokuba yi "kissing bugs". NgesiSinhala, sinokubizwa ngokuba yi "kissing bug". Ayilogama lingaqhelekanga elo? Balifumene elo gama kuba bathanda ukufunxa igazi elukhumbeni oluthambileyo olujikeleze amehlo nemilomo yabantu ngelixa belele. Ekubeni ukulunywa kwesi sinambuzane kungebuhlungu kangako, umntu oleleyo usenokungayiboni loo nto.
Kodwa into emangalisayo kukuba, esi sifo asisasazeki ngokulunywa sisinambuzane. Sisasazeki lindle lesi sinambuzane! Khawuthelekelele ukuba esi sinambuzane sasikhe safunxa igazi lesilwanyana okanye lomntu onesi sifo. Emva koko i-'T. cruzi' parasite ingena emzimbeni wesinambuzane. Emva koko xa esi sinambuzane sifunxa igazi komnye umntu, siyaphuma siye emzimbeni waloo mntu. I-parasite ekuloo lindle ingena emzimbeni ngenxeba elilunywe sisinambuzane, okanye ngamehlo ethu, impumlo, okanye umlomo.
Ngamafutshane, izinambuzane ziyaluma, zikhuphe indle kufutshane, kwaye esi sifo siqala xa loo ndle ingena emizimbeni yethu singazi.
Ngaphandle kwesi sinambuzane, esi sifo sinokudluliselwa ngeendlela ezininzi:
- Utofelo-gazi okanye ukufakelwa isitho: Ukwamkela igazi okanye isitho esivela kumntu onesifo. (Ngoku kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathi, iminikelo yegazi iyavavanywa kwesi sifo.)
- Ngokutya: Ngokutya ukutya okungaphekwanga okungcoliswe yi-parasite okanye ngokutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle evela kwisilwanyana esigulayo.
- Ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana: Ukuba umama okhulelweyo unesi sifo, sinokudluliselwa kumntwana osesiswini.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Kukho izigaba ezibini eziphambili zesifo seChagas: isigaba sokuqala (isigaba esibukhali) kunye nesigaba sesibini (isigaba esingapheliyo).
Okokuqala, oko kukuthi, isigaba esibukhali.
Ngeli xesha, iimpawu azibalulekanga kangako. Ngamanye amaxesha, zisenokungabikho kwaphela iimpawu. Ukuba zikhona, zisenokufana nezo zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Umkhuhlane kunye nesifo sengqondo esibuhlungu | Isenokuvakala ngathi yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo. Umzimba wakho uyaqaqamba kwaye uzive udiniwe. |
| Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba | Amabala abomvu okanye amdaka anokuvela eluswini. |
| Inxeba apho i-parasite ingene khona | Indawo ekulunywe yizinambuzane isenokuba idumbile, ibomvu, kwaye ibonakale ngathi linxeba. |
| Ukugabha, urhudo, ukungabi namdla wokutya | Kusenokubakho iingxaki ezinxulumene nenkqubo yokugaya ukutya. |
| Ukudumba kwamehlo | Olu luphawu olukhethekileyo. Ukuba intsholongwane ingena ngelihlo, iliso elinye liyadumba. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba luphawu lweRomaña kwiyeza. |
Ezi mpawu zokuqala—ukuba zikhona—zidla ngokuphela emva kweeveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba, esi sifo asinyangeki! Esi sifo sihlala singaphakathi emzimbeni. Kubantwana abancinci nakwabo baneenkqubo zokuzikhusela zomzimba ezibuthathaka, eli nqanaba lokuqala linokuba yingozi.
Okwesibini, lelo linqanaba elingapheliyo.
Nokuba akukho zimpawu ekuqaleni, i-parasite ingahlala ingasebenzi emzimbeni ize iphinde ivele emva kweminyaka, kwanasemva kwamashumi eminyaka . Eli nqanaba lesibini lelona liyingozi kakhulu. Ngeli xesha, iingxaki ezinkulu zentliziyo kunye nokugaya ukutya zinokwenzeka.
- Ukwanda kwentliziyo, umphimbo, okanye ikholoni.
- Ukumelwa yintliziyo.
- Isantya sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga.
- Amahlwili egazi.
- Ukuma kwentliziyo ngequbuliso.
Iphathwa njani?
Isifo seChagas kulula ukunyanga kwizigaba zokuqala, kodwa kunzima ukusifumanisa kweso sigaba kuba akukho zimpawu.
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unale sifo, ingakumbi ukuba ukhe waya kummandla ofana noMzantsi Melika, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho. Mxelele ngembali yakho yohambo. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokuqinisekisa ukuba unale sifo na. Ukuba ufunyaniswe unesi sifo, unokufuna uvavanyo olufana ne-EKG ukuze ubone ukuba intliziyo yakho ichaphazelekile na.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziswa ukunyanga esi sifo: `benznidazole` kunye `nifurtimox`. La mayeza asebenza ngokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane emzimbeni. Ukuba la mayeza athathwa kwangethuba kwesi sifo, iziphumo ziba ngcono kakhulu. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, ukusebenza kwala mayeza kunokuncipha.
Eli yeza kufuneka lithathwe rhoqo kangangeenyanga ezimbini. Kwakhona, ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zinokubakho, ingakumbi kubantu abadala. Ke ngoko, zonke ezi ndlela zonyango kufuneka zenziwe phantsi kweliso elibukhali likagqirha. Eli yeza alinikwa oomama abakhulelweyo, kodwa ukuba umntwana osandul’ ukuzalwa unentsholongwane, umntwana unokunyangeka.
Ngaba ikho indlela yokuzikhusela koku?
Into ebuhlungu kukuba, ayikafumaneki isitofu sokuthintela esi sifo.
Ngoko ke eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukuhlala kude "nezinambuzane ezincamisayo." Ezi zinambuzane zihlala ikakhulu kwiindawo eziqhekekileyo eludongeni lwezindlu ezenziwe ngodongwe, ingca, namagqabi esundu. Ukuba usiya kwilizwe laseMzantsi Melika, kuphephe ukuhlala kwezo ndawo. Kwakhona, ukusebenzisa inethi, njengenethi yokuthintela iingcongconi, xa ulele kunokubonelela ngokhuseleko olukhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo seChagas asidluliselwa ngokulunywa "yimbungulu eqabulayo", kodwa sidluliselwa yindle yaso engena emzimbeni.
- Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe aseMzantsi Melika, ngoko ke lumka kakhulu xa usiya kwezo ndawo.
- Iimpawu zokuqala zisenokuba zincinci okanye zingabikho, kodwa emva kweminyaka emininzi zisemzimbeni, i-parasite inokubangela isifo sentliziyo esibi.
- Ukuba ukhe waya kuloo ndawo kwaye uzive ungaphilanga, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko uze umxelele ngohambo lwakho.
- Ekubeni kungekho gonyo lokugonya oku, eyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kukuzikhusela kwizinambuzane.
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