Ngaba ngequbuliso ukhe waba nesisu esibuhlungu kakhulu, esihamba nokuhlanza? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba yintlungu nje yesisu okanye ityhefu yokutya. Kodwa oku kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esiyingozi esinokuvela, ingakumbi ukuba usela amanzi angcolileyo okanye utya ukutya kwindawo engenacoceko. Eso sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-cholera. Ukuva eli gama kukwenza woyike kancinci, kodwa ukuba uyazi kakuhle, akukho sizathu sokoyika. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha nge-cholera ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni kanye kanye iCholera?
Ngamafutshane, ikholera sisifo esosulelayo. Sibangelwa xa uhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yi *Vibrio cholerae* lungena emizimbeni yethu. Le bhaktheriya iya emathunjini ethu ize ivelise ityhefu. Kungenxa yale tyhefu ukuba silahlekelwe lulwelo oluninzi emizimbeni yethu size sifumane isifo sorhudo esinzima.
Olu rhudo lubi kakhulu kangangokuba ukuba alunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, umzimba unokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kwiiyure ezimbalwa uze ufe. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ikholera sisifo esinyangekayo. Eyona nto iphambili kukufumanisa isifo ngokukhawuleza nokubuyisela amanzi alahlekileyo emzimbeni.
Isasazeka njani ikholera?
Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukukuqonda. Ikholera isasazeka ngokutya ukutya okanye amanzi angcoliswe lindle lomntu osuleleke yikholera. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu onekholera ulungisa ukutya ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla zakhe kakuhle emva kokulahla indle, umntu otyayo unokosuleleka. Kwakhona, ukuba le ndle ingena kwimithombo yethu yamanzi okusela, njengamanzi omthombo, wonke umntu osebenzisa loo manzi usengozini yokufumana esi sifo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ikholera ayisasazeki ngokunxibelelana okuqhelekileyo, njengokuthetha, ukuxhawulana, okanye ukuthimla.
Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili ezisasazwa ngazo ikholera:
- Imithombo yamanzi kawonke-wonke engcolisiweyo: Amanzi emithombo engcolisiweyo, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezineenkonzo zococeko ezingafanelekanga.
- Ukutya okuthengwa kubathengisi basezitalatweni: Kukho amathuba aphezulu okufumana esi sifo ngokutya okungaphekwanga okanye okungalungiswanga kakuhle ngaphandle kococeko olufanelekileyo.
- Imifuno eluhlaza: Ingadluliselwa ngamanzi angcolileyo okanye imifuno eluhlaza ekhuliswe ngezichumisi.
- Intlanzi kunye neentlanzi zaselwandle ezingaphekwanga okanye ezingaphekwanga kakuhle: Ikholera inokudluliselwa ngokutya iintlanzi ebezikumanzi angcolileyo.
- Iinkozo ezishiywe kubushushu begumbi emva kokupheka: Umzekelo, ukuba into efana nerayisi ephekiweyo ingcoliswa kwaye ishiywe kubushushu begumbi ixesha elide, iintsholongwane zinokukhula.
Zithini iimpawu zekholera?
Ayingabo bonke abantu abafumana ikholera abaya kuba neempawu eziqatha. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba nesi sifo bengenazo kwaphela iimpawu. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, zinokuvela kwiiyure ezimbalwa okanye ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezi-5 emva kokosuleleka.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ezi mpawu ngokuchanekileyo. Masibone oku ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile.
| Udidi lweempawu | Iimpawu ezibonisa |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu eziphambili |
|
| Iimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni |
|
Isilumkiso: Ukuba ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yekholera enzima akunyangwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa, kunokukhokelela ekuthukeni nasekufeni. Ngoko ke musa ukungazinaki ezi mpawu.
Xa kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ufumana urhudo olukhulu nolunamanzi kunye nokuhlanza, ingakumbi emva kokutya ukutya kwaselwandle okuluhlaza okanye ukuya kwilizwe apho kukho ikholera, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Ikholera inyangeka lula, kodwa ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokubakho ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqala unyango ngoko nangoko.
Kungcono ukuya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango oluphambili lwekholera kukufumana amanzi emzimbeni. Ngokuxhomekeke kubukhali besifo sorhudo, kunikwa izithambisi zomlomo (ezifana neJeevani) okanye ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ulwelo olulahlekileyo.
Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, abulala iintsholongwane, akayonxalenye yonyango olungxamisekileyo kwiimeko ezincinci, kodwa anokunceda ukunciphisa ixesha lorhudo ngesiqingatha, anciphise ukuchitheka kweentsholongwane, kwaye athintele ukusasazeka kwesi sifo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ungaze uthathe amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha ukuze uthintele urhudo ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha. Oku kunokwenza iimpawu zibe zimbi ngakumbi.
Ungayiphepha njani ikholera?
Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunokunyanga.” Kunjalo nakwikholera. Ngokulandela iindlela ezilula zococeko, sinokuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo.
- Ukugonywa: Kukho ugonyo olusetyenziswa ngomlomo lwekholera olubizwa ngokuba yiVaxchora. Ukuba uceba ukuya kwindawo apho ikholera ixhaphake khona, ungathetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana olu gonyo.
- Imikhwa yococeko: Ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo.
| Iindlela zokuthintela ikholera | |
|---|---|
| 💧 Ukhuseleko lwamanzi | |
| Amanzi osela | Soloko usela amanzi abilayo, amanzi asebhotileni, okanye amanzi acociweyo ngamakhemikhali kuphela. |
| Ezinye iindlela zokusebenzisa | Sebenzisa amanzi akhuselekileyo ukulungiselela ukutya okanye iziselo, ukwenza umkhenkce, ukuxukuxa amazinyo, ukuhlamba ubuso nezandla zakho, ukuhlamba izitya, kwanokuhlamba iziqhamo nemifuno. |
| 🍲 Ukhuseleko lokutya | |
| Ukuhlamba izandla | Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha phambi kokulungisa ukutya, ngaphambi kokutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. |
| Ukutya ekufuneka ukuphephe | Ziphephe iziqhamo nemifuno engaxotyulwanga, ubisi olungakhange lugalelwe iintsholongwane kunye neemveliso zobisi, kunye nenyama okanye ukutya kwaselwandle okuluhlaza okanye okungaphekwanga kakuhle. |
| Ukupheka | Pheka ukutya kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba ukutye. Kungcono ukutya ukutya okuphekiweyo kuseshushu. |
Iingxaki xa zinzima
Ukuba ikholera iba mandundu, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo.
- Amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphantsi (iHypoglycemia): Ingakumbi ebantwaneni, amanqanaba eswekile egazini anokwehla ngokuyingozi xa bengakwazi ukutya ngenxa yokuhlanza norhudo.
- Amanqanaba aphantsi e-potassium: Urhudo lubangela ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwe yi-minerali eninzi ebalulekileyo, efana ne-potassium. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso: Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kakhulu kunye nomothuko kunokubangela ukuba izintso zilahlekelwe ligazi nokusebenza kakuhle, nto leyo enokuba yingozi ebomini.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ikholera sisifo esibi kodwa esinyangeka lula esisasazeka ngokutya namanzi angcolileyo.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kurhudo olukhawulezileyo nolunamanzi kunye nokuhlanza. Ingozi ephambili kukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Ukuba unale mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba utye ukutya okuvela kwindawo engcolileyo okanye usandul’ ukubuya kuhambo, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Ikholera ingakhuseleka ngokupheleleyo ngokusela amanzi acocekileyo nakhuselekileyo rhoqo, ukupheka ukutya kakuhle, nokuhlamba izandla kakuhle ngesepha.
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