Funda ngabakhonzi ababini abafihlakeleyo abaqinisa amathambo ethu: ii-Osteoblasts kunye nee-Osteoclasts

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba amathambo ethu aqine kangaka? Okanye, xa ingalo okanye umlenze waphukile, uyaphiliswa aze akhule kwakhona? Xa sicinga ngamathambo, siwacinga njengezinto ezingenabomi, ezifana nelitye. Kodwa eneneni, amathambo ethu ayaphila, etshintsha rhoqo izicubu, njengayo yonke eminye imizimba yethu. Kukho abasebenzi ababini ababalulekileyo abasemva kwalo msebenzi umangalisayo. Siza kuthetha ngabo namhlanje.

Ngoobani la ma-osteoblast kunye nama-osteoclast?

Ngamafutshane, ii-osteoblast kunye nee-osteoclasts ziintlobo ezimbini zeeseli ezikhethekileyo ezifumaneka ngaphakathi kwamathambo ethu. Xa zidibene, zikhulisa amathambo ethu, ziwagcine eqinile, kwaye zilungisa iindawo ezaphukileyo nezaphukileyo.

Ezi seli zimbini ziyaqhubeka nokusebenza kungekuphela nje ukususela sisebancinci de sakhula, kodwa nasemva kokuba sibadala. Njengeqela lokulungisa.

• Ii-Osteoblasts: Zicinge "njengabachweli" bethambo. Zakha izicubu ezintsha zethambo kwaye zomeleza amathambo akhoyo. NgesiNgesi, zibizwa ngokuba "zii-blasts for builders." Oko kuthetha ukuba zakha.
• Ii-Osteoclasts: Ezi "zii-cleaners". Ziyaqhekeza zize zinyibilikise iziqwenga zamathambo ezindala, ezonakeleyo, zivumela ukuba kubekho ithambo elitsha nelinamandla. NgesiNgesi, zibizwa ngokuba "zii-clasts zabahlanzi". Oko kuthetha abahlanzi.

Aba babini basebenza kunye njengeqela. Omnye ususa endala, aze omnye akhe entsha endaweni yayo. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-bone remodeling.

Kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye kwiiseli ze-osteoblast?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ii-osteoblast zezona zakha amathambo. Zinemisebenzi emithathu ephambili:

1. Ukukhula kwamathambo amatsha: Njengoko sikhula ukususela ebuntwaneni ukuya ebuntwini obukhulu, amathambo ethu ayakhula aze abe makhulu ngenxa yezi seli.

2. Ukulungiswa Kwamathambo: Njengoko sikhula, zinceda ekutshintsheni imo namandla amathambo ethu ukuze ahambelane nendlela esiphila ngayo.

3. Ukuphilisa amathambo aphukileyo nawonakeleyo: Xa ithambo liphuka, zezi seli ze-osteoblast ezidala izicubu ezintsha zethambo ukuze zilinyange.

Khawucinge ngomngxuma endleleni. Kanye njengoko abakhi beendlela besiza begcwalisa umngxuma nge-asphalt entsha, xa ithambo lonakele, iiseli ze-osteoblast ziyangena zize zililungise.

Lo msebenzi wenzeka njani?

Xa ithambo lifuna ukukhula okanye xa lonakele, ezi seli ze-osteoblast zifumana isignali evela kwiihomoni kunye neekhemikhali emzimbeni wethu. Emva koko zenza umxube okhethekileyo weeproteni. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -bone matrix . Oku ikakhulu yi-collagen.Iqulethe iiproteni, iiminerali ezifana necalcium kunye nephosphate.

Le matrix yamathambo elungisiweyo ifakwa emathanjeni njengesamente. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mxube uyaqina uze ube namandla, wenze izicubu ezintsha zamathambo.

Ngoobani la ma-osteocytes?

Ii-Osteocytes "zii-guards" okanye "abaphathi" ngaphakathi kwamathambo. Ezi seli zezona zininzi emathanjeni. Zihlala zijonga uxinzelelo kunye nobunzima obuviwa lithambo. Ukuba kukho nokuba kukho umngxuma omncinci okanye umonakalo kwithambo, ezi seli ze-osteocyte zezona zokuqala ukuqaphela. Nje ukuba ziqaphele, zithumela imiqondiso kwi-osteoblasts (ezakhayo) kunye ne-osteoclasts (ezo ziqhekekayo) esithethe ngazo ngaphambili, zisithi, "Kukho ingxaki apha, yizani nize nijonge." Emva koko loo maqela mabini angena aze aqalise umsebenzi wokulungisa.

Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni kwiiseli ze-osteoclast?

Ii-Osteoclasts "ziqela lokususa inkunkuma" emathanjeni. Ziyanyibilikisa zize zisuse izicubu zamathambo ezindala, ezibuthathaka, neziwonakeleyo. Zenza oku ukuze iiseli ze-osteoblast zakhe izicubu zamathambo ezintsha neziqinileyo.

Zikhupha uhlobo oluthile lwe-enzyme. Ezi enzymes zinyibilikisa izicubu ezindala zethambo. Kodwa oku akukubi njengoko unokucinga. Akufani nesinyithi esinyibilikisa i-asidi njengakwiikhathuni. Le yinkqubo elawulwa kakhulu nechanekileyo . Ziindawo eziphawulwe zii-osteocytes kuphela ezithi "le ntwana kuphela ekufuneka isuswe" ezinyibilikiswayo kwaye zisuswe ziiseli ze-osteoclast.

Xa ezo ziqwenga zindala zisusiwe, kwakheka imingxunya emincinci phezu kwethambo. Emva koko, ii-osteoblasts ziqala ukusebenza. Ziyangena zize zizalise loo mingxunya ngethambo elitsha, zenze ithambo elitsha nelinamandla.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na izifo ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwezi seli?

Ewe. Amathambo ethu aphilile logama nje ezi seli zimbini zisebenza ngokulinganisela. Oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kubekho ukulinganisela okuhle phakathi kwesantya sokwakheka kunye nesantya sokususwa. Kodwa ukuba olu lungelelwaniso lulahlekile, izifo ezahlukeneyo zinokuvela.

Khawucinge ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba isantya sokususwa kwethambo elidala (i-osteoclasts iyasebenza) sidlula isantya sokwenziwa kwethambo elitsha (i-osteoblasts iyasebenza)? Emva koko amathambo aya encipha kancinci kancinci, abe buthathaka, kwaye aphuke lula.

Ezinye zezifo eziphambili ezibangelwa ziingxaki ezinjalo zezi:

• I-Osteoporosis: Le yeyona meko ixhaphakileyo. Amathambo aba nemingxunya, abe buthathaka, kwaye anokwaphuka nokuba awile kancinci.
• I-Osteopenia: Eli linqanaba lokuqala eliphambi kwe-osteoporosis. Kukuncipha koxinano lwamathambo ngaphantsi kwamanqanaba aqhelekileyo.
• I-Hyperparathyroidism: Ukukhupha i-hormone ye-parathyroid ngokugqithisileyo kubangela ukuba i-calcium ilahleke emathanjeni, nto leyo ewenza buthathaka.
• Isifo sikaPaget sethambo: Esi sisifo apho inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamathambo ihamba kakubi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amathambo abe buthathaka kwaye agule.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yamathambo ethu?

Ugqirha wakho akayi kuvavanya ezi seli zikhethekileyo ngokwahlukeneyo. Endaweni yoko, uya kwenza uvavanyo olunokujonga impilo yenkqubo yonke yamathambo. Olu vavanyo luya kuyalelwa ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukurhanelwa kwemeko efana ne-osteoporosis.

• Uvavanyo loxinano lwamathambo: Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa iskeni ye-DXA.Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-bone scan. Isebenzisa ii-X-ray ezisezantsi ukulinganisa amandla amathambo akho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukuba amathambo akho aya eba buthathaka na njengoko ukhula.
• Uvavanyo lweVithamin D: Lujonga ukuba umzimba ufumana iVithamin D eyaneleyo na.
• Uvavanyo lweCalcium: Lujonga amanqanaba eCalcium egazini kunye nomchamo osebenza iiyure ezingama-24.
• Uvavanyo lwe-IPTH (i-IPTH) oluchanekileyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Creatinine: Olu vavanyo lwenzelwe ukujonga ukusebenza kwezintso, njengoko impilo yezintso ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-vitamin D kunye ne-calcium balance.

Singenza ntoni ukuze sigcine amathambo ethu ephilile?

Ukugcina amathambo ethu omelele kusezandleni zethu. Nazi ezinye izinto ezilula esinokuzenza:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo, ingakumbi ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D (ubisi, iyogathi, itshizi, intlanzi encinci, imifuno eluhlaza).
• Yenza umthambo wokuthwala ubunzima. Izinto ezifana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, kunye nokunyuka izinyuko zilungile ekuqiniseni amathambo.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya yeyona nto ibangela ukuba amathambo abe buthathaka.
• Thatha izongezo ze-calcium kunye ne-vitamin D ukuba kuyimfuneko, njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho. Nangona kunjalo, oku kufanele kwenziwe kuphela emva kokubonisana nogqirha wakho .
• Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo. Kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala, abafazi abasele beyekile ukuya exesheni, kunye nabo banezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ukuba baye kugqirha wabo rhoqo ukuze bajonge impilo yamathambo abo.

Ngoku ungabona ukubaluleka kwezi seli zimbini zincinci ekugcineni amathambo ethu ephilile. Zihlala zenza umsebenzi wazo othuleyo, zihlaziya kwaye ziqinisa amathambo ethu. Ngoko ke luxanduva lwethu ukubanceda benze umsebenzi wabo ngokufanelekileyo.