Xa ufumana inxeba elincinci, ukopha kuyayeka emva kwexesha elithile, akunjalo? Oko kungenxa yendlela emangalisayo yokuzikhusela emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa kwabanye abantu, le nkqubo yokuqunjelwa kwegazi ayenzeki kakuhle. Kwanenxeba elincinci linokubangela ukopha okuqhubekayo. Namhlanje sithetha nge-hemophilia, imeko yelifa ebangela ukuqunjelwa kwegazi okungekuhle.
Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndine-hemophilia?
Ngamafutshane, xa imizimba yethu iqala ukopha, uthotho lweekhemikhali luqala ukuyimisa. Isiphumo soku kukwakheka kwehlwili legazi (i-Fibrin clot). Inani leeproteni ezikhethekileyo egazini lethu zinceda ekwenzeni eli hlwili legazi. Sizibiza ngokuba "zizinto ezivala igazi" okanye " Zizinto ezivala igazi ".
I-Hemophilia yimeko yelifa apho enye yezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi, ikakhulu i-Factor VIII okanye i-Factor IX, ingekho okanye inciphile ngobuninzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi alijiki ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba une-hemophilia, uza kukunika uvavanyo lwegazi oluninzi ukuze abone ukuba igazi lakho liqhekeka kangakanani na. Olu vavanyo luquka:
- Kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lakho, ixutywe neekhemikhali ezikhethekileyo kwilebhu, ize ivavanywe ukuze kubonwe ukuba ingaba igazi liyaqhekeka na, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ukuba likhawuleza kangakanani na.
- Ukuba ezi mvavanyo aziqhelekanga, kuya kufuneka uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo ngakumbi ukuze kulinganiswe amanqanaba eFactor VIII kunye neFactor IX egazini lakho.
Olu vavanyo luya kunceda ugqirha wakho ukuba aqonde ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-hemophilia onayo (A okanye B) kwaye inzima kangakanani.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-hemophilia?
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-hemophilia. Uhlobo lonyango olufunekayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwe-hemophilia onayo kunye nobunzima bayo.
Umzekelo, ukuba une-hemophilia encinci, ungadinga unyango kuphela xa unesilonda okanye xa ulungiselela utyando. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba une-hemophilia enzima kwaye wopha rhoqo, ungadinga unyango oluqhelekileyo ukuthintela ukopha kunye nokukhusela amalungu akho ekukhubazekeni nasekukhubazekeni.
Iindlela eziphambili zonyango zezi zilandelayo:
| Indlela yonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukunika izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi (Unyango Lokutshintsha Izinto) | Ukunika i-blood clotting factor engekhoyo okanye ephantsi (i-Factor VIII okanye i-IX) ngomthambo (ngokusebenzisa i-intravenous) lolona nyango luphambili. |
| Ezinye iintlobo zamachiza | Ukunika amanye amayeza okunceda ukulawula ukopha, nokuba kunezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi okanye azikho. |
| Unyango lwamalungu okopha igazi kunye nezinye iingxaki | Ukulawula umonakalo wamalungu ngenxa yokopha rhoqo, unyango lomzimba, kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. |
Makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo amayeza athile asetyenziswayo.
Abantu abane-hemophilia A banikwa i-factor VIII, kwaye abantu abane-hemophilia B banikwa i-factor IX. Ezi zinto zenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Iplasma yegazi enikelweyo
2. I-DNA eyenziwe ngokwe-synthetic/Recombinant
Iindidi ezintsha zezinto ngoku zenzelwe ukuhlala emzimbeni ixesha elide, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kufuneka iinaliti ezimbalwa kunangaphambili.
| Igama lesiyobisi | Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusebenza |
|---|---|
| I-Emicizumab-kxwh (HEMLIBRA) | Iyeza elinikwa ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa ukopha kubantu abane-hemophilia A. Lisebenza ngokutshintsha i-missing factor VIII ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Linikwa njengenaliti engaphantsi kwesikhumba kanye ngeveki. |
| I-Desmopressin (i-DDAVP) | Iyeza elinikwa abantu abane -hemophilia encinci A. Liyandisa okwethutyana uxinzelelo lwe-factor VIII egazini. Linokunikwa ngemithambo yegazi, ngenaliti, okanye njenge-spray yempumlo. |
| Amayeza okulwa ne-fibrinolytic (umz. iTranexamic acid) | La ngamayeza anokuthatyathwa njengeepilisi. Asebenza ngokuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi ekunyibilikeni ngokukhawuleza. Kwezinye iimeko, asetyenziswa kunye nonyango lwezinto ezibangela umhlaza. |
| I-Obizur | Olu luhlobo lwe-factor VIII olufunyanwa kwiihagu. Alusetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-hemophilia yelifa, kodwa lusetyenziselwa ukunyanga imeko engaqhelekanga, eqala kamva ebizwa ngokuba yi -Acquired Haemophilia A. Le meko inokubangelwa kukukhulelwa, umhlaza, okanye amayeza athile. |
Eminye imiba kunye nolawulo
Sikwafanele siqwalasele nezinye iingxaki ezininzi ezibangelwa yi-hemophilia.
Amalungu okopha
Le yeyona ngxaki inzima ye-hemophilia. Xa kuphuma igazi kumalungu afana nedolo, ingqiniba, okanye iqakala, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango lwe-factor ngoko nangoko. Ukuba oku akwenziwa, ilungu linokonakala ngokusisigxina, okubangela intlungu, ukudumba, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba ngokuhamba kwexesha. Xa kuphuma igazi, phumla kwaye uqande ilungu njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho. Emva kokuba intlungu kunye nokudumba kuphelile, i-physiotherapy ibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kubuyiselwe intshukumo kunye namandla kumalungu.
Imisebenzi yomzimba
Ukuba ne-hemophilia akuthethi ukuba kufuneka uhlale ekhaya ngalo lonke ixesha. Nangona kunjalo, kububulumko ukuhlala kude nemidlalo edibanisa umzimba enokubangela ukwenzakala. Umzekelo, imidlalo efana ne-rugby kunye ne-boxing ayifanelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, imithambo efana nokudada, ukuhamba, kunye nokukhwela ibhayisekile (ngendlela ekhuselekileyo) ilungile kakhulu emzimbeni. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemithambo efanelekileyo kuwe kunye neyokungafanele uyenze.
Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngexesha lonyango?
Nangona unyango lwangoku lukhuselekile kakhulu, kukho iingxaki ezimbini ekufuneka uzazi.
1. Izifo Ezibangelwa Yigazi: Ngaphambili, ngeminyaka yoo-1970 noo-1980, kwakukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokudlulisela iintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV kunye ne-hepatitis ngonyango olusekelwe kwigazi. Kodwa ngoku akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka ngaloo nto.Kule mihla, abanikeli begazi bahlolwa ngononophelo olukhulu. Lonke igazi livavanywa iintsholongwane lize linyangwe ngeenkqubo ezikhethekileyo zokulivala ngaphambi kokuba lisetyenziswe kwezonyango. Ngoko ke umngcipheko ngoku uphantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, njengomntu one-hemophilia, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugonyelwa i-hepatitis A kunye ne-B.
2. Utshintsho kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela (Inhibitors): Ngamanye amaxesha, inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela iphosa iprotheyini esiyifumana ngaphandle njenge 'lutshaba' ize iqale ukuyihlasela. Oku sikubiza ngokuba kukwenziwa kwezithinteli . Emva koko unyango lwezinto esizinikayo alusebenzi kakuhle. Oku kunzima kancinci. Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho eza kuvavanya rhoqo igazi lakho (okanye lomntwana wakho) ukuze abone ukuba olu hlobo lokusabela luyenzeka na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Haemophilia sisifo sokugalela igazi esizuzwe njengelifa. Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili yi-haemophilia A (ukungabikho kweFactor VIII) kunye ne-haemophilia B (ukungabikho kweFactor IX).
- Esi sifo sichongwa ngovavanyo oluthile lwegazi.
- Unyango oluphambili kukunika umzimba i-blood clotting factor engekhoyo okanye ephantsi ngemithambo yegazi.
- Iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza. Iingozi zangaphambili ziphelile kakhulu.
- Ukuba ukopha kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwelungu, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwilungu.
- Soloko uxoxa nogqirha wakho ngendlela yokuphila kunye nendlela yokuzilolonga efanelekileyo kuwe. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho.
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