Ngaba umntwana wakho unombala oluhlaza esibhakabhakeni kwaye imithi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka xa ezoba? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uyadideka xa usiya evenkileni kwaye ungakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwemibala emibini yempahla? Okanye ngaba unengxaki yokwahlula phakathi kwemango evuthiweyo kunye nemango engavuthwanga? Ezi zinto zisenokungabi ziimpazamo nje eziqhelekileyo. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi "color blindness", eqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi kuluntu, ingakumbi phakathi kwamadoda, kodwa ayithethwa kakhulu ngayo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukungaboni imibala?
Xa sisiva igama elithi "ukungaboni imibala," sicinga ngomntu ongakwaziyo ukubona imibala, ebona ihlabathi ngombala omnyama nomhlophe. Kodwa eneneni yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngokwezonyango, oku sikubiza ngokuba yiColour Vision Deficiency . Asikuko ukuba awukwazi ukubona imibala konke konke, kodwa kukuba ubona imibala ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuneyomntu oqhelekileyo. Ukuchaneka, kukho umahluko omncinci kwindlela amehlo akho abona ngayo imibala.
Oku kuya kucaca ngakumbi xa siqonda kancinci ngendlela esibona ngayo imibala.
Inkqubo yokubona into inzima kakhulu. Amehlo ethu nengqondo yethu ziyasebenzisana ukwenza oku. Kwi-retina, ngasemva kwamehlo ethu, kukho iintlobo ezikhethekileyo zeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezivakalelwa kukukhanya. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zii-photoreceptors. Zimbini iintlobo zazo.
1. Iintonga: Ezi zisinceda sibone izinto ekukhanyeni okuphantsi, oko kukuthi, ebumnyameni.
2. Iikhowuni: La ngamaqhawe ebali lethu. La maseli ekhowuni asinceda sahlule kwaye siqaphele imibala.
Ezi seli zekhowuni zahlulwe zibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Uhlobo ngalunye lunovelwano kumbala omnye oyintloko.
- Iikhowuni ezinobuntununtunu obomvu (iikhowuni ze-L)
- Iikhowuni eziluhlaza (iikhowuni ze-M)
- Iikhowuni ezibuthathaka okwesibhakabhaka (iikhowuni ze-S)
Khawuthelekelele ungumpendi. Ukuba unemibala emithathu, ebomvu, eluhlaza, neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ungazixuba ukuze wenze nawuphi na umbala owufunayo. Ngendlela efanayo, amehlo ethu aqokelela ulwazi kwezi seli zintathu zekhowuni aze aluthumele engqondweni ukuze kuchongwe umbala wento. Ukungaboni kombala kwenzeka xa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi seli zekhowuni zingekho kwasekuzalweni, okanye ukuba azisebenzi kakuhle.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokungaboni imibala?
Ukungaboni imibala kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweeseli zekhowuni onazo ezingekhoyo okanye ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kunokubonakala kunzima kancinci, kodwa le theyibhile iya kukunceda ukuqonde lula.
| Udidi oluphambili | Uhlobo olungaphantsi (igama lezonyango) | Kwenzeka ntoni nje? |
|---|---|---|
| Ukunqongophala koBomvu-Oluhlaza Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Lubonakala kakhulu kumadoda. | I-Protanomaly | Nangona kukho iiseli zekhoni ezibuthathaka kubomvu, azisebenzi kakuhle. Ubomvu bunokubonakala bungwevu obungacacanga. Yonke imibala equlethe ubomvu ibonakala ifiphele. |
| I-Deuteranomaly (Eyona ntlobo ixhaphakileyo) | Iiseli zekhoni ezibuthathaka kuluhlaza azisebenzi kakuhle. Uninzi lwexesha, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomthubi zezona zibonakalayo kakuhle. Eminye imibala ibonakala ifiphele kancinci kwaye ingakhanyi kangako. | |
| I-Protanopia | Iiseli zekhoni ezibuthathaka kubomvu azikho xa zizalwa. Ubomvu abubonakali. Uninzi lwemibala lubonwa njengemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye yegolide. Kunzima ukwahlula phakathi kobomvu nomnyama. | |
| I-Deuteranopia | Iiseli zekhowuni ezibuthathaka kuluhlaza azikho xa zizalwa. Uninzi lwexesha, izinto zibonakala ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka negolide. Kunzima ukwahlula obomvu koluhlaza, kunye noluhlaza kumthubi. | |
| Ukunqongophala kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka notyheli Olu hlobo lunqabile kunolubomvu-luhlaza. | ITritanopia | Iiseli zekhoni ezibuthathaka kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azikho xa zizalwa. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka awubonakali. Imibala efana nobomvu, upinki, kunye ne-lavender ibonakala ngakumbi. |
| I-Tritanomaly | Nangona kukho iiseli zekhoni ezibuthathaka kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, azisebenzi kakuhle. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka unokubonakala uluhlaza. Umbala ophuzi nawo unokuba nzima ukuwuhlula. | |
| Ubumfama obupheleleyo boMbala | Ezi ziimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kwimeko enjalo, iintlobo ezimbini okanye zonke ezintathu zeeseli zekhowuni azisebenzi. Ihlabathi libonakala ngemibala engwevu. I-Achromatopsia yimeko enjalo. | |
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Kunzima kumntu ozelwe enale meko ukuqonda ukuba kukho into eyahlukileyo ngaye. Kuba ebesoloko ebona ihlabathi ngaloo ndlela ukususela ebuntwaneni. Kuqhelekile kuye. Amaxesha amaninzi, abazi ukuba unale meko de ahlolwe ngugqirha wamehlo.
Iimpawu eziqhele ukubonwa zezi:
- Ubunzima bokwahlula nokubona imibala ethile (umz., obomvu noluhlaza, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomfusa, oluhlaza nomdaka).
- Ukukhanya okanye ubunzulu bemibala busenokungabonakali ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ubunzima bokwahlula phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo yombala ofanayo (umz., eluhlaza okhanyayo kunye noluhlaza obumnyama).
Ngaba unazo naziphi na iintandabuzo malunga nomntwana wakho?
Umntwana omncinci usenokungakwazi ukuthetha ngotshintsho olubonakalayo embonweni wakhe, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba wena njengomzali nizazi ezi mpawu.
- Akayithandi imisebenzi yokufaka imibala nokuzoba: Usenokuyiphepha le misebenzi kuba enengxaki yokubona imibala.
- Ukusebenzisa imibala engafanelekanga: Ukusebenzisa imibala engaqhelekanga, njengokwenza isibhakabhaka sibe luhlaza kunye nengca ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuvumba ukutya ngaphambi kokutya: Ngamanye amaxesha awukwazi ukubona ukuba ukutya kutsha, kudala, okanye kuvuthiwe ngombala wako, ngoko ke unokuqhela ukukuvumba.
- Xa ecelwa ukuba ahlele izinto zokudlala okanye iibhloko ngombala, uba nobunzima bokwenza njalo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungathethisi umntwana xa ubona into efana nale, kodwa kukuqwalasela ukuba usenokuba unesifo esifana nale uze ufune ingcebiso kagqirha.
Kutheni kukho ukungaboni imibala?
Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zoku.
1. Ilifa
Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo. Oko kukuthi, idluliselwa ngokwemfuza ukusuka kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni.Ulwazi olufunekayo ukuze kuphuhliswe iiseli zekhoni emehlweni ethu lufumaneka kwiijini zethu. Ukuba kukho utshintsho (utshintsho) kwezi jini, iiseli zekhoni zisenokungaphuhli kakuhle okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ngenxa yokuba ijini yokungaboni kombala obomvu noluhlaza ikwi-chromosome X, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda kunakwabasetyhini.
2. Kwenzeka kamva ebomini (Ukufunyanwa)
Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu ozelwe engenazo naziphi na iingxaki unokuba nale meko kamva ebomini ngesizathu esithile. Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli zekhoni zonakala ngenxa yomonakalo weliso, i-retina, okanye ingqondo.
- Izifo zamehlo: Iimeko ezifana ne-diabetesic retinopathy, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, kunye nokuwohloka kwe-macular okubangelwa kukuguga.
- Izifo ezichaphazela ingqondo okanye inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
- Ukulimala kwamehlo: Ukwenzakala okukhulu entlokweni okanye elisweni.
- Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamanye amayeza: Ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamanye amayeza kunokuchaphazela amehlo.
- Ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali ezikwindalo esingqongileyo.
Wazi njani ukuba unale meko?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wamehlo. Uza kwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo.
Kukho uvavanyo olukhethekileyo nolulula kakhulu lokufumanisa ubumfama bombala. Usenokukhumbula ubona imifanekiso ezincwadini apho inani okanye imilo ifihliwe ngaphakathi kwisangqa esenziwe ngamachaphaza anemibala eyahlukeneyo. Uvavanyo olufana nolu, ngokusebenzisa amakhadi okanye isikrini sekhompyutha, lunokukuxelela ngqo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokungabikho kombala onalo kunye nokuba lunzima kangakanani.
Amehlo omntwana wakho aza kuhlolwa ngugqirha wezingane kwikliniki yakhe eqhelekileyo. Baza kukunika ingcebiso malunga neminyaka umntwana wakho afanele aye kugqirha wamehlo ngayo.
Ngaba ikhona indlela yokunyanga oku?
Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi.
Okwangoku akukho nyango lokungaboni umbala oluzuzwe njengelifa kuba yimeko yemfuza.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko ifunyenwe, unyango lwemeko esisiseko (umz. isifo seswekile, i-cataracts) ngamanye amaxesha lunokubuyisela umbono wombala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umonakalo kwiiseli zekhowuni uhlala uhleli, umbono usenokungaphindi ubuye ngokupheleleyo.
Kule mihla, kukho iiglasi ezikhethekileyo (iiglasi zokubona imibala) ezinceda abanye abantu babone imibala ngokucacileyo okanye ngokuqaqambileyo. Kodwa ezi azinyangi esi sifo. Azisebenzi kuye wonke umntu. Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ngento efana nale, thetha nogqirha wakho wamehlo kuqala.Kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso malunga nokuba ifanelekile na kuwe.
Ungaphila njani ngempumelelo nale meko?
Xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo sokungaboni imibala, ungaziva ukhululekile kwelinye icala. "Owu, yiyo loo nto ndidibanisa loo mibala." Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, ungaziva ukhathazekile kancinci xa uzibuza, "Ngaba ndibona ihlabathi ngokwahlukileyo kunabanye abantu?" Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqonda le meko uze uzivumelanise nayo.
- Iimeko ezingembi kangako: Uninzi lwabantu lune-blindness ebomvu-eluhlaza kancinci engachaphazeli ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Ayibathinteli ekufumaneni ilayisenisi yokuqhuba okanye ukuba nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo.
- Ukunceda abantwana: Ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko, yazisa ootitshala bakhe. Thetha ngeendlela zokubanceda ngemisebenzi enxulumene nemibala esikolweni (umz., ukubhala amagama emibala kwiipensele ezinemibala).
- Itekhnoloji iyanceda: Kule mihla, kukho ii-apps ezifumanekayo zeefowuni ezibonisa umbala wento xa ukhomba ikhamera kuyo. Izinto ezinje zinokuba luncedo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Buza ugqirha wakho: Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nemeko yakho, into onokuyenza, kunye nezinto ezikuxhalabisayo.
Abantu abaninzi baphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo ngaphandle kweengxaki. Okufunekayo kukwazi imeko yabo baze benze utshintsho oluncinci ebomini babo ukuze bayilungele.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukungaboni imibala asikokungakwazi ukubona nayiphi na imibala, kodwa kukukwazi ukubona imibala ngendlela eyahlukileyo kuneqhelekileyo.
- Isizathu esiphambili soku yimfuza (ekhoyo ekuzalweni), kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwamadoda.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninobunzima bokwahlula imibala, qiniseka ukuba nibonana nogqirha wamehlo ukuze nifumane icebiso.
- Nangona kungekho nyango lokungaboni imibala okuzelwe nako, ubomi bunokwenziwa lula ngoncedo lweeglasi ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe.
- Abantu abaninzi bayakwazi ukuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobupheleleyo xa benale meko.
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