Ngaba singathetha ngeengxaki zamehlo ezixhaphakileyo ezinxulumene nobudala?

Ngoko ke, njengoko sikhula, imizimba yethu iqala ukutshintsha, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha amehlo ethu ayayiva le nto. Ngaba uziva ngathi awukwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo njengoko wawusenza ngaphambili? Ngaba kunzima ukufunda imibhalo emincinci okanye ukufunda amaphephandaba? Ungakhathazeki, uninzi lwezi zinto zinokuba ziimeko eziqhelekileyo eziza nokukhula. Kodwa ukuzazi ezi zinto nokuthatha amanyathelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunokunceda ukugcina amehlo akho ephilile ixesha elide.

Ziziphi ezi ngxaki zamehlo eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka njengoko sikhula?

Kulungile, makhe sijonge iingxaki ezichaphazela amehlo ethu njengoko sikhula. Ezinye zazo usenokuba ukhe weva ngazo.

Nazi iimeko eziphambili ezibonwayo:

• Ukonakala kweMacular okunxulumene nobudala (AMD): Kulapho i-macula, inxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yeliso enika umbono ocacileyo, yonakele khona. Ngamafutshane, umbindi wento oyibonayo uba lufiphale kwaye ungacacanga. Kunokuba nzima ukubona ubuso okanye ukufunda incwadi.
• IiCataracts: Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayaziyo. Oku kuxa ilensi eselisweni iba namafu okanye inkungu. Emva koko izinto zinokubonakala zingabonakali kwaye zitshintshile umbala. Kufana nokujonga ngeglasi engcolileyo.
• I-Retinopathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unesifo seswekile. Isifo seswekile singonakalisa imithambo yegazi ebuthathaka engaphakathi kweliso, nto leyo echaphazela umbono wakho.
• I-Glaucoma: Esi sisifo esingabonakaliyo. Oku kubangelwa kukunyuka koxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso, okonakalisa umthambo we-optic, obalulekileyo ekuboneni kwethu. Nangona kusenokungabikho zimpawu zibalulekileyo kwizigaba zokuqala, umbono unokuba lufiphale kancinci kancinci.

Ukongeza kwezi ziphambili, kukho nezinye iintlobo zeengxaki zamehlo ezinokubakho njengoko ukhula. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• I-Presbyopia: Le yinto eyenzeka kubantu abaninzi emva kweminyaka engama-40. Kuthetha ukuba izinto ezikufutshane, njengoonobumba abancinci, azicaci kangako. Phakamisa iphephandaba kancinci, kwaye kuba nzima ukufaka inaliti, akunjalo? Yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo.
• I-Astigmatism: Xa iliso lingajolisi kakuhle ukukhanya, izinto zibonakala zilula kancinci kwaye zifiphele.
• Amehlo omileyo: Xa ukuveliswa kweenyembezi kuncipha, amehlo anokoma, acaphuke, aze azive ngathi kukho isanti emehlweni.
• Ii-Eye floaters: Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ubona amachaphaza amnyama amancinci okanye imisonto idada phambi kwamehlo akho ? Ezi zizinto eziyizo. Nangona zihlala zingeyongozi, ukuba zikhula ngequbuliso, licebo elihle ukubona ugqirha.
• I-Hypereopia: Ukubona izinto ezikude: Ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacileyo, kodwa ukubona izinto ezikufutshane kungacaci.
• Ukukhanya okukhanyayo: Ukukhanya okukhanyayo ngequbuliso phambi kwamehlo.
• Ukubona okuphantsi:Kukho iimeko apho umbono awunakubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo nokuba usebenzisa iiglasi okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango.
• I-Myopia: Ukubona izinto kufutshane: Ukubona izinto kufutshane ngokucacileyo, kodwa ukubona izinto ezikude ngendlela engaqondakaliyo.
• Ukuqhekeka kweRetinal: Le yimeko engxamisekileyo. I-retina, umaleko obonakalayo ekukhanyeni ngaphakathi kweliso, iyaqhekeka. Inokubangela ukulahleka kombono ngequbuliso.
• Amehlo anamanzi: Ukukrazula kakhulu.

Kodwa khumbula, akukho mfuneko yokoyika konke oku. Iingcali zamehlo zinokunyanga uninzi lwezi ngxaki. Ezinye zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa ezinye zinokunciphisa iimpawu kwaye zigcine umbono wakho ulungile kangangoko kunokwenzeka ixesha elide. Amaxesha amaninzi, iimeko zinzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba zibangele ukulahleka kombono ngokupheleleyo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukujonga amehlo akho rhoqo . Emva koko, ukuba kukho ingxaki, inokuchongwa kwangethuba kwaye unyango lungaqala.

Zithini iimpawu zezi ngxaki zamehlo?

Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zifo zamehlo ezinxulumene nokuguga azibangeli zimpawu zibalulekileyo kwizigaba zokuqala. Yiyo loo nto zisoyikisa kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zinokuvela. Jonga ukuba unayo na kwezi:

• Umbono ufiphele kwaye awubonakali kakuhle.
• Ukungakhululeki kwamehlo, ukutsha, nokuhlaba.
• Amehlo akrazukileyo kakhulu okanye omileyo.
• Ukubona amachaphaza amnyama okanye imisonto idada phambi kwamehlo akho, okanye ngequbuliso ubona izibane.
• Ubuthathaka ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo, ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya kwelanga.
• Ubunzima bokwahlula nokubona imibala (umzekelo, umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama kubonakala ngathi kuyabhideka).
• Umbono uba mxinwa, ngokungathi ujonge ngetyhubhu (ukulahleka kombono ongaphandle).

Ezi mpawu zinokwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.

• Umbhalo omncinci, awukwazi ukufunda iinkcukacha zephephandaba.
• Ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu.
• Ukungakwazi ukwahlula umgama ngokuchanekileyo (umz. xa usehla izinyuko).
• Kunzima ukugxila xa ujonge into ekufutshane uze ngequbuliso ujonge into ekude.
• Ukubonakala kancinci ebusuku, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuqhuba ebusuku.
• Amehlo aziva ediniwe.

Ukuba uziva into efana nale, ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha wamehlo.

Kutheni amehlo esenza oku njengoko sikhula?

Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba kutheni amehlo akho ekhathazwa kangaka yile minyaka. Njengamanye amalungu omzimba wethu, amehlo ethu nawo atshintsha izinto ezithile njengoko sikhula. Yinto yendalo.

• Emva kweminyaka engama-40: Abantu abaninzi bakhupha iinyembezi ezimbalwa. Iinyembezi zinceda ukugcina amehlo emanzi, ecocekile, kwaye ziwakhusele kwizifo. Ngoko ke xa iinyembezi zincipha, amehlo ayoma, abe buhlungu, kwaye athukuthele.
• Iiproteni kwilensi yeliso: Njengoko sikhula, iiproteni kwilensi yeliso ziqala ukuwohloka. Le yeyona nto ibangela i-cataracts. Ilensi ikhula kancinci kancinci ize ibe namafu.
• Into ephakathi kweliso: Kukho into efana nejeli ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Vitreous)` ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Njengoko sikhula, oku kuqala ukuncipha kancinci. Kulapho ke ezo 'floaters' ziqala ukubonakala phambi kwamehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokubangela 'iRetinal Detachment'.
• Ukuguquguquka kwelensi: Ilensi yeliso iguquguquka kakhulu xa usemncinci. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuziqhelanisa nokubona okukufutshane nokukude. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ukhula, oku kuguquguquka kuncipha. Kulapho imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Presbyopia" ivela khona, apho ungenakukwazi ukubona izinto ezikufutshane.

Ngaba iingxaki zamehlo ezinxulumene nokukhula zingabangela ezinye iingxaki?

Ewe, iingxaki zamehlo ngamanye amaxesha zinokubangela ezinye iingxaki. Umzekelo, xa umbono wakho uphazamisekile, unamathuba amaninzi okuwa kwaye ube neengozi.

Kwakhona, xa ugqirha wakho wamehlo ehlola amehlo akho, unokukhangela nezikhokelo malunga nezinye izifo ezinganxulumananga namehlo. Ayimangalisi na loo nto? Amehlo akho anokuxelela okuninzi ngempilo yakho iyonke.

Ngamanye amaxesha iingxaki zamehlo zinokuba luphawu lwezinye iimeko, ezifana nezi:

• Imeko efana nokuqhuma komthambo wegazi (`Aneurysm`)
• Umhlaza
• Isifo seswekile
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• Isifo sikaSjögren (isifo esibangela amehlo nomlomo owomileyo)
• Ukunqongophala kweVithamin A
• Istroke
• Iithumba

Yiyo loo nto kuthiwa ukuvavanywa kwamehlo akupheleli nje ekufumaneni iiglasi, kodwa kubalulekile kwimpilo iyonke.

Uzibona njani ezi ngxaki zamehlo ezinxulumene nobudala?

Iingcali zamehlo zisebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zovavanyo ukuxilonga nokunyanga iingxaki zamehlo. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuvavanyo olupheleleyo lwamehlo kukuhlolwa komngxuma omnyama weliso (`i-Ophthalmoscopy okanye i-Fundoscopy`). Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`eye dilation`.

Nantsi into eyenzekayo:

1. Ugqirha ufaka amaconsi emehlweni akho.

2. Emva koko kufuneka ulinde malunga nemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ude umfundi wakho avuleke ngokupheleleyo.

3. Ugqirha uza kusebenzisa isibane esikhethekileyo ukuhlola ingaphakathi lelihlo lakho, ingakumbi i-retina. Oku kuya kunceda ukujonga naziphi na izifo zamehlo okanye ezinye iingxaki.

Xa i-cornea ikhula emva kokusebenzisa eli yeza, amehlo anokuba novelwano kancinci ekukhanyeni kangangeeyure ezimbalwa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kunokuba nzima ukujonga ilanga okanye izibane ezikhanyayo. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha becebisa ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga. Kunzima ukuqhuba imoto ngeli xesha, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba nomntu oza kuhamba nawe.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango lumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwingxaki yamehlo neyokubona ojongene nayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba amehlo akho akaboni kakuhle, kunokufuneka usebenzise izibane ezikhanyayo kwimisebenzi yasekhaya, ukufunda, okanyeUkusebenzisa isixhobo sokukhulisa amehlo kunokunceda. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ukuze ujonge imeko yakho.

Iiglasi zamehlo, oonxibelelwano, ezinye izixhobo zokuphucula umbono , okanye utyando lokulungisa umbono lunokukunceda ubone ngcono. Oku kunokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho kunye nokuzimela.

Ezinye iimpawu ezincinci zinokuthomalaliswa ngamaconsi amehlo kunye nokukrazuka okwenziweyo .

Unyango lweengxaki zamehlo ezinzulu

Kwiingxaki zamehlo ezinzulu nezinxulumene nobudala, ingcali yamehlo ingacebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Uncedo lokujonga okuphantsi okanye unyango lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo.
• Iyeza (elithathwa ngomlomo okanye elifakwa ngenaliti).
• Izongezo zesondlo: Umzekelo, izongezo zesondlo ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-AREDS2 zinceda ukulawula ukulahleka kokubona kubantu abane-Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD).
• Utyando lwamehlo: Utyando lunokwenziwa kwiimeko ezifana neGlaucoma, iCataracts, okanye iRetinal Detachment.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndinengxaki yamehlo enxulumene nokukhula?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokukunceda ugcine okanye uphucule umbono wakho. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-glaucoma, azinakuyitshintsha umonakalo eziwubangelayo. Ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zokulawula iimpawu zakho kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokulahlekelwa kwakho umbono. Banokukuthumela kwizibonelelo kunye nenkxaso.

Ungazithintela njani iingxaki zamehlo ezinxulumene nobudala?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyenze ukuthintela iingxaki zamehlo nokukhusela amehlo akho kunye nokubona kukwenza uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo rhoqo . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unezinye izifo, ezifana nesifo seswekile. Nokuba awuboni tshintsho lukhulu ekuboneni kwakho okanye awunazo iimpawu, bonana nogqirha wamehlo rhoqo.

I-American Academy of Ophthalmology icebisa ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho yingcali yamehlo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka emva kweminyaka engama-50. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi.

Ndingawanyamekela njani amehlo am kunye nokubona kwam?

Kukho izinto onokuzenza ukukhusela amehlo akho nokuthintela ukulahleka kokubona:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Ukutya iziqhamo nemifuno emininzi yonke imihla kuya kunika amehlo akho kunye nokubona kwakho izondlo ezifunekayo. Ukutya intlanzi (efana nesalmon, i-mackerel, kunye ne-herring) kunye namandongomane (afana nee-almond kunye nee-walnuts) aphezulu kwi-'Omega-3' kunye ne-'Omega-6' fatty acids zilungile kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo.
• Qaphela imbali yezifo zamehlo kusapho lwakho: Ezinye izifo zamehlo zinokungena kwiintsapho, ngoko ke ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki zamehlo, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngazo.
• Lawula isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Ukuba ezi zifo azilawulwa, zinokubangela iingxaki zamehlo.
• Nxiba iiglasi zelanga kunye nomnqwazi obanzi: Khusela amehlo akho kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) eyingozi. Le mitha yonyusa umngcipheko wezifo zamehlo.
• Yeka ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko weengxaki zamehlo ezifana ne-cataracts kunye ne-AMD. Ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokunciphisa lo mngcipheko. Cela uncedo kugqirha wakho ngale nto.

Ndifanele ndifune nini unyango olungxamisekileyo?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu ngequbuliso, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwicandelo likaxakeka lesibhedlele:

• Umbono ofiphele ngequbuliso.
• Ukuqala ukubona ngababini (`Umbono ophindwe kabini`).
• Ukwenzakala kweliso.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu yamehlo.
• Uqala ukubona izinto ezidadayo okanye ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo.
• Ukubomvu kweliso okanye ukudumba kwenkophe.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kuqhelekile ukuba umbono wakho utshintshe njengoko ukhula. Usenokukufumanisa kunzima ukuqhuba ebusuku, okanye kungathatha ixesha elide ukugxila kwizinto ezikufutshane. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana uvavanyo lwamehlo rhoqo kwingcali yamehlo kunokukunceda ugcine umbono wakho kunye nempilo yamehlo ikwimeko entle. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nezifo zamehlo. Ukuba iingxaki zamehlo ezinxulumene nokuguga zichongiwe kwangethuba, zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo. Emva koko unokubona eli hlabathi lihle ngokucacileyo ixesha elide. Musa ukoyika, qaphela, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afanelekileyo.

Iingxaki zamehlo ezinxulumene nobudala , i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, i-macular degeneration, i-presbyopia, impilo yamehlo, ukulahleka kokubona