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Masifunde ngeGlaucoma: Isela elingaboniyo elithuleyo

Masifunde ngeGlaucoma: Isela elingaboniyo elithuleyo | Nirogi Lanka

Physician Reviewed — Not Medical Advice

Ngaba wakha wema kancinci wacinga ngendlela axabiseke ngayo amehlo akho? Nangona amehlo ethu eyindlela yethu yokujonga ihlabathi, ngamanye amaxesha anokuchaphazeleka buthule ziimeko ezinzima. Enye yezi meko yiglaucoma. Nangona isenokuvakala isoyikisa, ukuyiqonda kwangethuba kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekukhuseleni umbono wakho.

Ngamafutshane, i-glaucoma liqela leemeko zamehlo apho uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso lakho lukhula kancinci kancinci, lonakalise izakhiwo ezibuthathaka ngasemva kweliso, ngakumbi i-optic nerve. Yicinge njengetayara evuthelweyo—xa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luphezulu kakhulu, ibangela umonakalo. I-Glaucoma idla ngokukhula kancinci, iqhubeka iba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha . Ukuba ayilawulwa, inokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okungapheliyo, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ubumfama. Enyanisweni, i-glaucoma yeyona nto yesibini iphambili ebangela ubumfama kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukufumana uxilongo lwe-glaucoma okanye ukuva ukuba usemngciphekweni kunokuvakala ngathi kukoyikisa. Sixhomekeke ekuboneni kwethu phantse kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo, kwaye ingcinga yokulahlekelwa kuko iyoyikisa ngokwemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, iindaba ezilungileyo zezokuba uninzi lweentlobo ze-glaucoma ziyanyangeka, ingakumbi xa zifunyenwe kwangethuba. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nokubekwa esweni rhoqo, unokucothisa okanye uthintele ngokupheleleyo ukulahleka kokubona okungapheliyo.

Zithini iimpawu zeglaucoma, kwaye ungayibona njani?

Kwinqanaba lokuqala, i-glaucoma ayibonakalisi zimpawu kwaphela . Isebenza njengesela elingaboniyo. Yiyo loo nto abantu abaninzi bengazi ukuba banayo de kubekho umonakalo omkhulu, ongenakuguqulwa.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo:

Nangona uhlala uthule, hlala ujonge ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka:

Iimpawu ezifuna ingqalelo engxamisekileyo!

Iintlobo ezithile, njenge-angle-closure glaucoma, zinokubangela iimpawu ezikhawulezileyo neziqatha. Kwezi meko, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo lezonyango elikufutshane nawe ukuze uthintele ubumfama obungapheliyo. Iimpawu zengxamiseko ziquka:

  • Igazi lihlangana phambi kwe-iris (hyphema)
  • Amehlo amakhulu okanye ukudumba (i-buphthalmos, ngakumbi ebantwaneni)
  • Intlungu yamehlo ehamba nesicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
  • Ukubona ii-halo ezinombala we-rainbow zijikeleze izibane, njengaxa uqhuba imoto ebusuku
  • Ukuqala ngequbuliso okanye ukwanda kwee-floaters (amabala amancinci amnyama okanye iimilo ezifana nomsonto)
  • Nakuphi na ukulahleka kombono ngequbuliso, okungachazekiyo
  • Ukukhanya okukhawulezileyo kwindawo yakho yokubona ( photopsias )

Kutheni kukho i-glaucoma?

Isizathu esiphambili seglaucoma kukonakala kwemithambo-luvo ye-optic , esebenza njengentambo ebalulekileyo edlulisela ulwazi olubonakalayo oluvela elisweni lakho ukuya engqondweni yakho. Nangona oku kusenzeka ngamanye amaxesha ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphazamiseka kwamehlo okubangelwa kuxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kweso .

Amehlo ethu ngokwendalo avelisa ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-aqueous humor ukuze londle izicubu. Kwiliso eliphilileyo, olu lwelo luphuma kwinkqubo efana ne-mesh ebizwa ngokuba yi-trabecular meshwork. Cinga ngalo njengetanki yamanzi enombhobho wokukhupha amanzi; ukuba umbhobho uvalekile, amanzi ayaphakama. Kwi-glaucoma, imijelo yokukhupha amanzi iyavaleka okanye imelane nokuhamba kolwelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba luqokelelane ngaphakathi kweliso, lunyuse uxinzelelo kwaye ekugqibeleni lonakalise umthambo we-optic.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeglaucoma?

Ewe, zininzi, kodwa ngokubanzi zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

  • I-glaucoma evulekileyo eyintloko: Le yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo. Yenzeka xa i-engile yokukhupha amanzi ihlala ivulekile, kodwa i-meshwork ivaleka kancinci kancinci, njenge-sink drain ezaliswa yinkunkuma. Ngenxa yokuba iqhubeka kancinci kakhulu, ayibonisi zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala.
  • I-glaucoma evala i-angle yokuqala: Oku kwenzeka xa i-iris ityhalelwa phambili, inciphisa okanye ivale ngokupheleleyo i-engile yokukhupha amanzi. Ilensi yeliso inokutshintsha iye phambili, ithintele ulwelo ukuba lungadluli. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo eyenzeka ngequbuliso, ebonakaliswa ziintlungu ezinkulu zeliso kunye nokubomvu.
  • I-Secondary glaucoma: Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yezinye iingxaki ezisisiseko, ezifana nokwenzakala kwamehlo, i-pigmentary dispersion syndrome, iimeko zokudumba ezifana ne-uveitis, ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwamayeza athile (njenge-corticosteroids), okanye iingxaki emva kotyando.
  • I-Congenital glaucoma: Olu hlobo luvela ukususela ekuzalweni ngenxa yeengxaki zophuhliso (ezifana ne-aniridia, i-Marfan syndrome, okanye i-congenital rubella syndrome). Ukuba ubona amehlo omntwana wakho ebonakala emakhulu ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ehlala emanzi, okanye ebonakala ebuthathaka ekukhanyeni, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-glaucoma?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko ezibangela ukuba kubekho i-glaucoma. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo zinto:

  • Ubudala: Uninzi lweentlobo zeglaucoma zichaphazela abo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40 (i-congenital glaucoma yeyona nto ingaqhelekanga koku). Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba malunga ne-10% yabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 ubudala bane-glaucoma. Oku kuthetha ukuba njengoko ukhula, kuya kuba yimfuneko ukuba uqaphele impilo yamehlo akho.
  • Uhlanga/Ilifa: Abantu abazalwa eAfrika, ingakumbi abo bazalwa eAfrika-kwiCaribbean, basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-glaucoma evulekileyo. Ukongeza, abo bazalwa eAsia naseInuit basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-glaucoma evaliweyo.
  • Isini: Abafazi basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-angle-closure glaucoma. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yokwahluka kwesini kwindlela eyakhiwe ngayo iliso.
  • Iimpazamo zokuBuyisa Umbono: Ukuba une-myopia (ukubona okukufutshane), usemngciphekweni omkhulu we-open-angle glaucoma. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuba une-hyperopia (ukubona okukude), usemngciphekweni omkhulu we-angle-closure glaucoma.
  • Imbali Yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho—ingakumbi umzali, umntwana, okanye umntakwenu—ukhe waba ne-glaucoma, umngcipheko wakho uyanda. Njengezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, oku kunokuba nefuthe lemfuza. Ezinye iintlobo ze-glaucoma yesibini nazo zifuzo.
  • Izifo Ezingapheliyo: Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo seswekile basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-glaucoma. Ukulawula ezi meko ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekukhuseleni umbono wakho.

Zithini iingxaki zeglaucoma?

Cinga ngento enokwenzeka ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso lakho alulawuleki. Ngaphandle konyango, i-glaucoma yonakalisa i-retina yakho kunye ne-optic nerve, ekugqibeleni ikhokelele ekulahlekelweni kokusebenza.Yingakho ingxaki ephambili ye-glaucoma kukulahlekelwa yimbono, nto leyo enokuthi ekugqibeleni ifikelele ekubeni yimfama ngokupheleleyo.

Iziphumo zokugqibela, ezidla ngokubizwa ziingcali ngokuba yi-absolute glaucoma, zibangela ubumfama obupheleleyo kwiliso elichaphazelekayo. Iliso lisenokuvakala linzima ukulichukumisa, ngamanye amaxesha lihamba nentlungu enzulu.

Ifunyanwa njani i-glaucoma?

Ingcali yamehlo inokuchonga i-glaucoma ngovavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo. Enyanisweni, olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa i-glaucoma ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele naziphi na iimpawu nangaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo omkhulu. Ngexesha lovavanyo oluninzi, ugqirha wakho uya kusebenzisa amathontsi ukwandisa (i-mydriasis) amehlo akho, nto leyo ebavumela ukuba babone ngokucacileyo ngaphakathi kweliso lakho.

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokuxilonga luquka:

  • Uvavanyo lobuchule bokubona: Ukujonga ukuba ubona kakuhle kangakanani na kumgama owahlukeneyo.
  • Uvavanyo lwentsimi yokubona: Ukuvavanya umbono wakho ongaphandle kunye nobubanzi bokubona.
  • Uvavanyo lokuqonda ubunzulu.
  • I-Tonometry: Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso lakho. Oku kusebenzisa umoya okanye isixhobo esikhethekileyo esichukumisa iliso kancinci.
  • I-Pachymetry: Ukulinganisa ubukhulu be-cornea yakho, inxalenye ecacileyo engaphambili yeliso lakho.
  • Uvavanyo lwesibane esiqhekekileyo: Sebenzisa imakroskopu ekhethekileyo ukuhlola izakhiwo zeliso lakho ngokweenkcukacha.
  • I-Gonioscopy: Sebenzisa ilensi ekhethekileyo ukuhlola i-engile yokukhupha amanzi kweliso lakho.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba umonakalo kwi-retina okanye kwi-optic nerve yakho ungonakali, banokucebisa ukuba wenze imifanekiso yamehlo ephucukileyo, efana nale:

  • I-Optical coherence tomography (OCT): Iskena iileya ezithambileyo zeliso, ingakumbi ubukhulu bee-optic nerve fibers.
  • I-Fluorescein angiography: Uvavanyo lokuhlola imithambo yegazi emehlweni akho.
  • Imifanekiso ye-ultrasound.
  • Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga: I-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-glaucoma?

Xa unyanga i-glaucoma, injongo ephambili kukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwakho lwangaphakathi kwamehlo ukuthintela ukuba isifo singaqhubeki. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili:

  • Amayeza: La mayeza anikwa ikakhulu ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo. Ukuba une-hypertension yamehlo, la mayeza anceda ekuthinteleni ukuqala kwe-glaucoma okanye ayeke umonakalo ongakumbi. Adla ngokusetyenziswa ngamaconsi amehlo okanye amayeza omlomo. Kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise la mayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ewayalele.
  • Utyando lweGlaucoma: Ezi nkqubo zijolise ekwenzeni kube lula ukukhupha amanzi amdaka ukuze kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo lwamehlo. Ezinye iindlela ziquka i-trabeculectomy (ukudala indlela entsha yokukhupha amanzi), ii-tube shunts (ukufaka ityhubhu encinci yokukhupha amanzi), unyango lwe-laser (ukusebenzisa ii-laser ukususa ukuvaleka), kunye notyando lwe-glaucoma olungena emzimbeni (MIGS).

Isicwangciso sakho sonyango siza kwenziwa ngokweemfuno zakho ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lweglaucoma onayo kunye nobungakanani bomonakalo. Ingcali yakho yamehlo liqabane lakho elingcono ekukhetheni icebo elifanelekileyo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.

Iyintoni imbono yokuphila ne-glaucoma?

I-glaucoma enganyangwanga ngokungenakuphepheka ikhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokubona okungapheliyo kunye nobumfama. Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, unokucothisa okanye uyekise ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo. Ngenxa yokuba imeko yesigulana ngasinye yahlukile, kufuneka uxoxe ngesicwangciso sakho sokuqikelela isifo kunye nesicwangciso solawulo kunye nogqirha wakho wamehlo eNirogi Lanka.

Ngaba i-glaucoma ingathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, i-glaucoma ayinakuthintelwa rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, ukubonwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda ukulawula uxinzelelo lwamehlo kunye nokuthintela okanye ukulibazisa kakhulu ukulahleka kokubona. Amanyathelo aphambili onokuwathatha aquka:

  • Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo: Oku kunokufumanisa uxinzelelo lwamehlo oluphezulu ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.Wakuba udlule iminyaka engama-40, ingakumbi ukuba kukho imbali ye-glaucoma kusapho lwakho, kuyacetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo minyaka le.
  • Ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emehlweni: Ukuba uxinzelelo lwamehlo akho luphezulu kunesiqhelo, landela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho ngokungqongqo ukuze ukhusele umbono wakho.
  • Ukulawula izinto ezinobungozi: Ukulawula izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesifo seswekile kubalulekile. Ukongeza, sebenzisa izikhuseli zamehlo rhoqo ukuthintela ukwenzakala kwamehlo.

Ukuba ufumana intlungu yamehlo ngequbuliso, enzima okanye ukulahleka kokubona, nceda undwendwele isebe likaxakeka elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba ndine-glaucoma, ndingazinceda njani?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-glaucoma, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho wamehlo malunga nonyango kunye nolawulo lwezifo. Banokucebisa utshintsho oluthile kwindlela ophila ngayo okanye imikhwa yakho. Ezi ngcebiso zingabandakanya:

  • Ungaze uzityeshele iimpawu ezintsha okanye utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo.
  • Ukugcina ubunzima bomzimba busempilweni.
  • Hlala usebenza ngokwasemzimbeni (nangona kunjalo, soloko ubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi izivivinyo ekufuneka uziphephe , njengoko ezinye izinto ezifana ne-inverted yoga poses zinokunyusa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwamehlo).
  • Ukuya kuzo zonke iintlanganiso zokulandelela njengoko kucetyisiwe yingcali yakho.

Ukongeza, ukuba ubona iimpawu ezintsha, uvakalelwa kukuba unyango lwakho alusebenzi kakuhle, okanye ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziphazamisana nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, nceda unxibelelane nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ndifanele ndifune nini unyango?

Ezinye iintlobo zeglaucoma, ezifana ne-angle-closure glaucoma, zikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Ukuthintela ukulahleka kokubona okungapheliyo, kufuneka ungenelelo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza . Funa unyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana ukuqala ngequbuliso okanye ukuba mandundu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

  • Intlungu enkulu yamehlo okanye uxinzelelo
  • Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu
  • Umbono ophindwe kabini (i-diplopia) okanye umbono ofipheleyo
  • Isicaphucaphu kunye nokuhlanza okuhambisana nentlungu/uxinzelelo lwamehlo
  • Ukubona izangqa ezinemibala (ii-halos) zijikeleze izibane
  • Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso nangayiphi na indlela
  • Ukubona ukukhanya okukhanyayo
  • Ukuqala ngequbuliso okanye ukwanda okukhulu kwee-floaters (myodesopsias)

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha wamehlo?

Kuyanceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho wamehlo le mibuzo ilandelayo:

  • Luhlobo luni lweglaucoma endinalo?
  • Yintoni imbangela eyintloko ye-glaucoma yam?
  • Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinokukhetha kuzo, kwaye zeziphi ozicebisayo?
  • Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki zonyango (okanye zonyango) olunokubakho?
  • Zeziphi iimpawu okanye utshintsho oluthile ekufuneka ndilubangele ukuba nditsalele umnxeba eofisini yakho okanye ndifune unyango olukhawulezileyo?

Musa ukuthandabuza ukubuza le mibuzo. Okukhona uyiqonda ngcono imeko yakho, kokukhona unokusixhasa ngcono isicwangciso sakho sonyango kwaye ukhusele amehlo akho axabisekileyo.

Kwabaninzi bethu, ukubona kwethu yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuthi. Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala okanye ukukhathazeka malunga nokuba kungenzeka ukuba umntu alahlekelwe kukubona ngenxa yemeko efana ne-glaucoma. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-glaucoma yimeko enyangekayo xa ichongiwe kwangethuba. Okukhona ufumanisa isifo ngokukhawuleza kwaye uqala unyango, kokukhona amathuba akho okuthintela ukuqhubeka kwaso angcono. Nangona isifo singenakuhlala sibuyiselwa umva, unyango lunokulibazisa ukulahleka kokubona okukhulu ngeminyaka emininzi, okanye kwanamashumi eminyaka.

Umyalezo oya nawo ekhaya

Ukushwankathela oko sikuthethileyo malunga ne-glaucoma, khumbula la manqaku abalulekileyo:

  • I-Glaucoma inokuba lisela "elithuleyo": Isenokungabonakali ngaphandle kwezimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kubalulekile, ingakumbi ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko.
  • Ukufunyanwa kwangoko yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela: Xa kuchongiwe kwangoko, unyango lunokulawula kakhulu ukuqhubeka komonakalo wokubona.
  • Hlala unolwazi ngezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko: Ukuba unembali yosapho, uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-40, okanye unezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi, kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu.
  • Kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwiingcebiso zonyango: Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-glaucoma, kubalulekile ukulandela amayeza kagqirha wakho kunye nesicwangciso sokhathalelo ngokuchanekileyo.
  • Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu zongxamiseko: Ukuba ufumana iintlungu zamehlo ngequbuliso, umbono ofipheleyo, okanye ii-halos ezijikeleze izibane, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza kwicandelo longxamiseko okanye kwingcali yakho.

Khumbula, amehlo akho axabisekile. Ukuwakhusela luxanduva onalo. Hlala unamandla, unolwazi, kwaye uzimisele—ungaphila ubomi obupheleleyo ngelixa ulawula ngempumelelo i-glaucoma ngenkxaso yeNirogi Lanka.

Amagama angundoqo: I-Glaucoma, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kwamehlo, izifo zamehlo, ukulahleka kokubona, ubumfama, umthambo wokubona, uhlolo lwamehlo

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