Ngamanye amaxesha xa ugqirha wethu esinika uvavanyo lwegazi, asikwazi ukuqonda ukuba luyintoni na. Elinye lala magama 'luvavanyo lweCoombs'. Umele ukuba uvile ngolu vavanyo, ingakumbi ukuba ukhulelwe, utofelwe igazi, okanye ukuba umntwana wakho unemeko efana ne-jaundice. Ngoko makhe sibone ukuba olu vavanyo lukhangela ntoni kanye kanye kwaye kutheni lubalulekile, ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le Coombs Test?
Umzimba wethu unenkqubo yokuzikhusela, njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Sibiza amajoni akhethekileyo kweli qela le -antibodies . Umsebenzi wawo ophambili kukusikhusela kwizifo ngokulwa neentshaba, ezinje ngeentsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye neentsholongwane, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antigens , ezingena emzimbeni zivela ngaphandle.
Kodwa khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ngamanye amaxesha la majoni okuzikhusela enza impazamo aze aqale ukuhlasela iiseli zethu ezilungileyo neziphilileyo endaweni yokuzibona njengeentshaba zasemzini? Yiyo loo nto imbi kakhulu. Uvavanyo lweCoombs lujonga ngokusisiseko ukuba kukho naziphi na ii-antibodies egazini lethu ezinokuhlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye ukuba sele zihlasela zona.
Ngamafutshane, olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba ingaba ukhuselo lwethu (ii-antibodies) luhlasela iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo lweCoombs.
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zolu vavanyo lweCoombs. Ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba wenze enye yezi zimbini. Makhe sijonge umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini ngale ndlela.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Ufuna ntoni kule nto? | Zeziphi izihlandlo eziqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa zona? |
|---|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lweCoombs ngqo (Uvavanyo lwe-Direct Coombs) | Oku kujonga ngqo ukuba ii-antibodies zinamathele na ngaphandle kweeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, oko kuthetha ukuba zinamathele kuzo. Ukuchaneka, kufana nokujonga ukuba umlo sele uqalile na . | Chonga iimeko ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne -autoimmune hemolytic anemia, imeko apho umzimba utshabalalisa iiseli zawo ezibomvu zegazi. |
| Uvavanyo lweCoombs olungangqalanga (Uvavanyo lweCoombs olungangqalanga) | Oku kujonga ukuba kukho ii-antibodies ezidada ngokukhululekileyo kwi-plasma yegazi lakho (ulwelo lwegazi) ezinokuhlasela iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Kufana nokujonga ukuba ukulungele na ukulwa . |
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Kutheni uvavanyo lweCoombs lubaluleke kangaka ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Uvavanyo lwe-Indirect Coombs, olwenziwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa, lujonga ukuba igazi likamama linazo na ii-antibodies ezichasene ne-Rh factor. Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba yintoni le Rh factor.
Khawucinge nje, ukongeza kwiindidi zethu zegazi (A, B, AB, O), kusenokubakho enye iproteni ekhethekileyo, okanye 'uphawu', kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Rh factor .
- Ukuba olu phawu lukhona, olo hlobo lwegazi lune -Rh-positive (umz., O-positive, A-positive).
- Ukuba olu phawu alukho, olo hlobo lwegazi lune -Rh-negative (umz. O negative, A negative).
Ngoku cinga ngale nto: Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lukamama aluna-Rh (oko kuthetha ukuba alunalo olo phawu lukhethekileyo), kodwa umntwana osesiswini uzuze uhlobo lwegazi lukayise kwaye une-Rh (oko kuthetha ukuba igazi lomntwana linalo olo phawu)?
Okunokwenzeka apha kukuba ukuba inani elincinci legazi lomntwana lixubana negazi likamama ngaxa lithile, njengaxa ebeleka, inkqubo yomzimba kamama yokuzikhusela komzimba iyawuqonda 'uphawu' olubizwa ngokuba yi-Rh factor egazini lomntwana njengotshaba lwangaphandle. Emva koko umzimba kamama uqala ukwenza ii-antibodies zokulwa nolo tshaba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Rh sensitization .
Ngokwesiqhelo, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kokuqala, la ma-antibodies athatha ixesha elide ukukhula, ngoko ke umntwana wokuqala akachaphazeleki kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki ivela ngexesha lokukhulelwa okulandelayo. Ukuba umama ukhulelwe umntwana one-Rh-positive kwakhona, ama-antibodies enziwe ngaphambili alungele egazini likamama, awele i-placenta, aze aqale ukuhlasela nokutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana.
Oku kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu kumntwana, ezifana ne-anemia kunye ne-jaundice. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza olu vavanyo lweCoombs kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho umngcipheko onjalo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukunyanga ukuze kuthintelwe.
Ngaba nawe uyalwenza olu vavanyo lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa?
Ewe. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa lunesifo senyongo esinzima, oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lwe-Direct Coombs. Olu vavanyo lokujonga ukuba ii-antibodies eziveliswa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa zingene na emzimbeni womntwana, zinamathele kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana, zaza zazitshabalalisa.
Ngaba kukho into ekufuneka ndiyenze ngaphambi kokuba ndenze uvavanyo?
Hayi. Akukho nto ikhethekileyo ekufuneka uyilungiselele ngaphambi kokuba uye kolu vavanyo lweCoombs. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba uzile ukutya okanye uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza.
Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula kakhulu. Inaliti encinci ifakwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho kwaye kuthathwa isampuli yegazi. Uya kuva kuphela ukuhlatywa okuncinci. Emva koko isampuli yegazi ithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe. Iziphumo zihlala zifumaneka kwiiyure ezingama-24.
Ithetha ukuthini ingxelo yovavanyo?
Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zinokuvela ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: Ezilungileyo okanye Ezingalunganga.
| Isiphumo | Ithetha ukuthini (Intsingiselo) |
|---|---|
| Ilungile (Ilungile / Ayiqhelekanga) | Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho ii-antibodies egazini lakho ezihlaselayo okanye ezinokuthi zihlasele iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kunokuba nezizathu ezininzi:
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| Okubi (Okubi / Okuqhelekileyo) | Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi! Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho zi-antibodies ezifunyenweyo ezinokunamathela okanye zihlasele iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kuthetha:
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Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo?
- Ukuba uvavanywe ukuba une-HIV ngaphambi kokuba unikele ngegazi: Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa unikela ngegazi, kwaye ukhethe uhlobo lwegazi olulungele wena. Abantu abafumana igazi izihlandlo ezininzi banokwenza la ma-antibodies, ngoko ke kunokuba nzima kancinci ukufumana uhlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo.
- Ukuba ufunyenwe une-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho uvelise ii-antibodies ezilwa nomntwana one-Rh-positive. Kuya kufuneka ke ufumane unyango lokukhusela umntwana.
- Ukuba ingxelo yomntwana ithi unayo intsholongwane: Ihlala ibonisa ukuba umntwana une-anemia okanye i-jaundice. Ugqirha uza kumxilonga umntwana aze amcebise ngonyango olufunekayo.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-anemia, ezinje ngokutyheli kolusu okanye amehlo (i-jaundice) , ukudinwa rhoqo kunye nobuthathaka , isiyezi , okanye ukudideka , bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Uza kukuhlola kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze ezinye iimvavanyo, kubandakanya uvavanyo lweCoombs, ukuze afumanise ukuba imeko yakho injani kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo lwayo.
Khumbula, ukuba uneempawu ocinga ukuba aziqhelekanga, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.
Uvavanyo lweCoombs luvavanyo olunika ugqirha wakho ulwazi malunga nengxaki emzimbeni wakho. Alukuxeleli ngqo ukuba siyintoni isifo. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo, kunokufuneka wenze uvavanyo oluthe kratya ukuze ufumane ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela eso sifo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lweCoombs luvavanyo olulula lwegazi olujonga ii-antibodies ezihlasela iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto: Uvavanyo lwe-Direct Coombs (olujonga ukuba sele uhlasela) kunye novavanyo lwe-Indirect Coombs (olujonga ukuba ukulungele na ukuhlasela).
- Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga ukungangqinelani phakathi kweentlobo zegazi (Rh factor) zomama okhulelweyo kunye nomntwana wakhe.
- Ukuba ufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo, kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi. Ngoko ke ungoyiki, jonga nje ngakumbi kwaye ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukukunceda.
- Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho uze ufumane ukuqonda okucacileyo.
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