Masifunde ngakumbi nge-COVID Pneumonia, i-pneumonia eza ne-COVID.

Ngaba ukhathazekile nokuba kukho into eza kwenzeka emiphungeni yakho xa ufumana i-COVID? Ngamanye amaxesha xa ufumana i-COVID-19 ('COVID-19') ivele nje ibe ngumkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane ize iphile kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa kwabanye abantu inokuba mandundu ngakumbi. Kulapho ke le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-"COVID pneumonia" okanye "COVID Pneumonia". Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda, ngokungathi uthetha nomhlobo osenyongweni.

Yintoni i-COVID Pneumonia?

Ngamafutshane, i-COVID pneumonia lusulelo oluvela ngaphakathi emiphungeni yakho. Lubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-SARS-CoV-2, ebangela i-COVID-19. Ungafumana i-COVID-19 kwaye ube ne-pneumonia njengengxaki. Oku kwenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokulwa nosulelo lwentsholongwane emiphungeni yakho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imiphunga idumbe ize izaliswe lulwelo. Oku kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla.

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Bilateral interstitial pneumonia)`. I-pneumonia enxulumene ne-Covid-19 idla ngokuvela kuzo zombini iipaphu ngaxeshanye. Yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Bilateral)`. Izicubu ezijikeleze iingxowa zomoya kunye nemithambo yegazi kwimiphunga zibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Interstitial tissue). Kule meko, ezi zicubu kwimiphunga yomibini zonakele. Abanye abantu banokuba neengxaki zemiphunga ze-`(COVID ende okanye i-PASC - emva kokuhlaselwa yi-SARS CoV-2)` nangona bephulukene ne-Covid.

I-COVID-19 iyichaphazela njani imiphunga?

I-Covid-19 sisifo sokuphefumla esibangelwa yintsholongwane ethi `(SARS-CoV-2)`. Le ntsholongwane ingena ngqo kwindlela yakho yokuphefumla kwaye yonakalise imiphunga yakho. Ngoko ke, njengoko inkqubo yakho yomzimba isebenza ukulwa nale ntsholongwane, ukudumba okubangelwa yiyo kunokonakalisa nemiphunga yakho. Kwakhona, ulwelo luqala ukuqokelelana kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci `(alveoli)` ngaphakathi kwemiphunga. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-pneumonia.

Ngaba i-pneumonia ingakhula emva kokufumana i-Covid-19?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka. Intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 inokosulela imiphunga yakho kwaye ibangele i-pneumonia. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka yi-COVID, enye intsholongwane inokosulela imiphunga yakho kwaye ibangele i-pneumonia. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"superinfection." Kwakhona, ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla ngenxa ye-COVID-19 kwaye uqhagamshelwe kwi-"ventilator," kukho umngcipheko wokufumana "i-ventilator-associated pneumonia."

Ngaba i-Covid pneumonia kunye ne-Covid-19 zizifo ezimbini?

Hayi, azizizo izifo ezibini. Ukuchaneka, ezi ziziganeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zesifo esinye. I-Covid-19 sisifo sokuphefumla esibangelwa yintsholongwane ethi `(SARS-CoV-2)`. I-Covid pneumonia yingxaki ye-Covid-19, imeko apho imiphunga idumba ize izaliswe lulwelo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Covid pneumonia kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-pneumonia?

Naluphi na uhlobo lwe-pneumonia lubangela ukuba imiphunga idumbe ize izaliswe lulwelo. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba indlela intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID pneumonia, i-SARS-CoV-2, esasazeka ngayo emiphungeni yahlukile kancinci kune-pneumonia ebangelwa zezinye iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya.

Cinga ngale ndlela. Ngokwesiqhelo, olunye uhlobo lwe-pneumonia yinto esasazeka ngokukhawuleza emiphungeni, njengomlilo wasendle. Iimpawu zivela ngequbuliso kwaye ziba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa azihlali ixesha elide.

Kodwa kwi-Covid pneumonia, intsholongwane ibonakala ngathi ingena kwiindawo ezininzi emiphungeni ngaxeshanye ize ihlale apho. Emva koko, usebenzisa inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela, iqala ukusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zemiphunga. Kufana nokutshisa imililo emininzi emincinci ehlathini. Emva kwexesha elithile, iintlantsi ezivela kuloo mililo ziyasasazeka, zivuthe iindawo ezintsha, kwaye zisasaze umonakalo kancinci kancinci kulo lonke elo candelo. Ngoko ke i-Covid pneumonia isenokuhlala ixesha elide kwaye yonakalise iindawo ezininzi zemiphunga .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-Covid pneumonia?

Kukho abantu abasengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo esibi se-COVID-19 kunye neemeko ezifana ne-COVID pneumonia. Ukuba uwela kwelinye lala maqela, licebo elihle ukuba ulumke ngakumbi, akunjalo?

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe.
• Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, okanye ukuba ukhe watshaya ngaphambili.
• Ukuba umntu ukhe wafakelwa isitho okanye iseli yegazi.

Kwakhona, ukuba unenye yezi meko zonyango zilandelayo, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu nangakumbi:

• Iingxaki zegazi (umz. isifo se-sickle cell, i-thalassemia).
• Iimeko zomhlaza.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi (umz. isifo sohlangothi).
• Isifo sezintso okanye sesibindi esingapheliyo (umz. i-hepatitis, i-cirrhosis, isifo sesibindi esinamafutha esinganxilisiyo (NAFLD)).
• Izifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo (umz. i-asthma, i-COPD, i-pulmonary fibrosis, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga, i-pulmonary embolism).
• Icystic fibrosis.
• Izifo ze-neurological ezifana ne-dementia kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer.
• Isifo seswekile (Uhlobo 1 okanye Uhlobo 2) `(Isifo seswekile - Uhlobo 1 okanye Uhlobo 2)`.
• Iziphene zokuzalwa ezifana ne-cerebral palsy kunye ne-Down syndrome.
• Izifo zentliziyo (umz. ukusilela kwentliziyo, isifo semithambo yentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
• I-HIV/AIDS okanye ezinye izifo ezenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba.
• Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo (umz. ukudakumba, i-schizophrenia ).
• Ukutyeba kakhulu.
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (ezifana notywala, ii-opioid, i-cocaine).
• Isifo sephepha.

Bangaphi abantu abafumana i-COVID-19 abanesifo se-pneumonia?

Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga ne-15% yabantu abafumana i-COVID-19 bafumana iingxaki ezinzima, kuquka ne-COVID-19 pneumonia. Oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-77 kwihlabathi liphela ngoku baye bafumana iimeko ezinzima ze-COVID-19. Ngoko ke oku akuyonto ifanele ithathwe lula.

Zithini iimpawu ze-Covid pneumonia?

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 pneumonia zinokufana kakhulu nezo zosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu zibonakala zintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu ezikhoyo ziba mandundu ngakumbi , oko kunokuthetha ukuba imeko yakho ye-COVID-19 iyaqhubeka iye kwi-pneumonia. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) okanye ukuphefumla kancinci.
• Ukuziva udidekile, njengokungathi ulahlekelwa yingqondo.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu kwaye ndidiniwe.
• Ukukhwehlela (mhlawumbi ukukhwehlela okune-mucus).
• Ifiva.
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwemilebe, ulusu, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis).

Ukuba naziphi na kwezi mpawu zibonakala zintsha okanye zisiba mandundu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Musa ukuzityeshela, ingakumbi ukuba zihamba nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Ndingazi njani ukuba usulelo lwam lwe-COVID-19 luqhubekela phambili lube yi-pneumonia?

Iimpawu ze-COVID-19 kunye ne-pneumonia ziyafana kakhulu, ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba nzima ukuxilonga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usulelo lwe-COVID-19 luqhubekela phambili lube yi-pneumonia, uphawu oluphambili nolucacileyo kukwandisa ubunzima bokuphefumla. Ukuba uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ukuba uziva ufuthanisekile, yiya esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba i-Covid pneumonia iyosulela?

Intsholongwane ebangela i-COVID-19 iyosulela. Xa wosulelwe, ungayisasaza le ntsholongwane kwabanye kungekuphela nje xa ukhohlela, uthimla, uthetha, okanye uphefumla. I-pneumonia yimeko eyenzeka emiphungeni yakho xa une-COVID-19. Ungasasaza i-COVID-19 komnye umntu ovela kumntu one-pneumonia ye-COVID-19. Nangona kunjalo, akuqinisekwanga ukuba loo mntu uza kuba ne-pneumonia.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unokuba ne-pneumonia ngenxa yosulelo lwebhaktiriya kunye ne-Covid-19, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, "usulelo olukhulu." Loo sulelo lwebhaktiriya lunokosulela. Lunokubangela ne-pneumonia komnye umntu.

Ungayixilonga njani i-Covid pneumonia? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuba une-COVID pneumonia, ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Baza kumamela imiphunga yakho nge-stethoscope, bajonge uxinzelelo lwegazi, ubushushu, kunye namanqanaba eoksijini (i-pulse oximetry). Rhoqo, i-nasal swab ingathathwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo i-COVID-19 okanye olunye usulelo lwentsholongwane.

Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi:

• Ukuthathwa kwemifanekiso yemiphunga:Kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ukujonga ukuba akukho zifo zemiphunga.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kuza kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lakho ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-pneumonia yakho ibangelwa yi-COVID-19 okanye yibhaktheriya.
• Uvavanyo lwe-sputum: Ucelwa ukuba ukhohlele, kwaye isampuli ye-sputum iyathathwa ize ithunyelwe kwilebhu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho usulelo na kunye nokuba yintoni ebangela oko.
• Ukuphuhliswa kolwelo lwe-Pleural: Ngamanye amaxesha, inani elincinci lolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga lithathwa kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci kwaye livavanywe.
• Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi olusebenzisa imithambo yegazi: Kuthathwa isampuli yegazi kumthambo osesihlahleni sakho, engalweni, okanye esinqeni ukuze kuhlolwe inqanaba leoksijini egazini lakho. Oku kunokunika umbono wokuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwimeko yongxamiseko, ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo (i-bronchoscope) ingadluliselwa emiphungeni ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi kwaye ithathe iisampuli zezicubu okanye ulwelo.

Inyangwa njani i-Covid pneumonia?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-COVID pneumonia, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulaliswe esibhedlele. Apho, unokufumana unyango olufana nolu:

• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Kukho amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, afana neRemdesivir okanye iPaxlovid™, ahlasela ngokuthe ngqo intsholongwane ebangela iCOVID-19 kwaye ancede ekulawuleni usulelo.
• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi zinikwa i-pneumonia ebangelwa ziintsholongwane. La mayeza anikwa ukuba kuqinisekisiwe ukuba unentsholongwane kunye ne-COVID pneumonia. Ngamanye amaxesha, anokunikwa njengendlela yokukhusela ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa ukuba unokuba unentsholongwane.
• Ioksijini eyongezelelweyo: Ukuba imiphunga yakho iyasebenza kodwa umzimba wakho awufumani oksijini eyaneleyo, ioksijini eyongezelelweyo inikwa ngetyhubhu efakwe empumlweni yakho okanye imaski ebekwe ebusweni bakho.
• Ulwelo lwe-IV: Izinto ezifana ne-IV saline zinikwa ukuthintela umzimba ukuba ungaphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukususa ulwelo emiphungeni: Ulwelo oluqokelelene emiphungeni lungasuswa ngokufaka i-catheter okanye ngotyando.
• IiCorticosteroids: Amayeza e-steroid, anjengeDexamethasone, asetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni.
• Ii-antibodies ze-Monoclonal: Unyango olufana ne-Tocilizumab lunokunceda ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela ukudumba.
• Umoya womoya: Ukuba awukwazi ukuphefumla kakuhle wedwa, uza kuqhagamshelwa kwi-ventilator. Kule nto, ityhubhu ifakwa emqaleni wakho iye kwi-windpipe yakho, kwaye umatshini usetyenziselwa ukuphefumla. Ngeli xesha, uza kulaliswa.
• Ukufakelwa kweoksijini kwi-membrane yangaphandle komzimba (ECMO): Ukuba imiphunga okanye intliziyo yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle, ungaqhagamshelwa kumatshini we-ECMO. Olu lunyango olusindisa ubomi oluthatha umsebenzi wentliziyo nemiphunga yakho.

Khumbula, ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya nganye kwezi ndlela zonyango aze agqibe ukuba yeyiphi elungele imeko yakho. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.

Ungayithintela njani i-Covid pneumonia?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-COVID pneumonia kukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-COVID-19 kunye nezinye iimeko ezinokonakalisa imiphunga yakho. Ungenza ezi zinto:

• Ukufumana ugonyo lwe-Covid-19.
• Gonyelwa isifo se-pneumococcal, esinokubangela i-pneumonia yebhaktiriya.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya kwaye uzikhusele kumsi ophuma kwabanye abantu.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi phambi kokutya, ngaphambi kokulungisa ukutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese. Ukuba isepha ayifumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Ukuba wena okanye omnye umntu une-COVID-19, kuphephe ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nokwabelana ngezinto.
• Ukuba unezinye iimeko zempilo (ezo ziwela kumaqela asengozini esixoxe ngawo ngaphambili), zinyange ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko ezo meko zinokwenza i-COVID-19 ibe mandundu ngakumbi.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha kwi-Covid pneumonia?

Akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuthe ngqo ukuba i-COVID pneumonia iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani. Ingahluka imihla ngemihla. Kwezinye iintsuku ungaziva ungcono, kodwa emva koko inokuba mandundu. Ngokwesiqhelo, imeko encinci yesi sifo iya kuthatha iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu ukuba iphile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, ingathatha iinyanga ukuba iphile. Ukuba uziva ungcono ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kuxhomekeke koku kulandelayo:

• iminyaka yakho.
• Ubunzima be-pneumonia.
• Nokuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo okanye iingxaki.

Ukuba uyaqhubeka nokuba neengxaki zempilo emva konyango lwe-COVID pneumonia, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho kwakhona ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-Covid pneumonia?

I-Covid pneumonia yingxaki yosulelo lwe-Covid-19. Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuba ungagula kangakanani yintsholongwane ethi (SARS-CoV-2)`. Cinga ngayo ngale ndlela:

1. Isifo sokuphefumla esibangelwa yintsholongwane: Olu lolona hlobo luncinci losulelo lwe-COVID-19. Kodwa lusenokubangela iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, umphimbo obuhlungu, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, nto leyo enokuba yingozi kakhulu. Uninzi lwabantu lunokulawula iimpawu zabo ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziba mandundu, kunokufuneka bangeniswe esibhedlele.

2. I-COVID pneumonia:Kulapho imiphunga isuleleka khona, idumbe, ize izaliswe lulwelo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Ukuba une-COVID pneumonia, kuya kufuneka ujongwe ngokusondeleyo esibhedlele kwaye unyangwe iimpawu zakho. Oku kudla ngokuthathwa njengemeko ephakathi ukuya kwembi kakhulu ye-COVID-19.

3. I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) yimeko apho inkqubo yokuphefumla iyeka ukusebenza kakuhle. Oku kwenzeka xa imiphunga yakho ingasebenzi kakuhle, nto leyo ethintela umzimba wakho ekufumaneni ioksijini eyaneleyo. Ukuba ungena kweli nqanaba libalulekileyo le-COVID-19, kunokufuneka uqhagamshelwe kwi-ventilator ukuze ikuphefumlele.

Lingakanani izinga lokuchacha kwi-Covid pneumonia?

Ngamaxesha aqhelekileyo, xa izibhedlele zingaxinezelekanga kukungena kwezigulana, izinga lokuchacha kwi-COVID pneumonia limalunga nama-80%. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nama-80 kubantu abali-100 bayachacha. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inani elikhulu lezigulana lifika ngaxeshanye lize ligubungele izibhedlele, inani labafayo kwi-COVID pneumonia linokuphindaphindeka kabini. Ke ngoko, ukufuna unyango ngokukhawuleza kwandisa amathuba akho okusindisa ubomi bakho nokuchacha ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndihlale ndiphilile xa ndine-COVID pneumonia?

Emva kokuba uphumile esibhedlele, ungenza ezi zinto ukuze uqhubeke nohambo lwakho lokuchacha ekhaya:

• Lawula iimpawu zakho ngamayeza kunye nolunye unyango olucetyiswa ngugqirha wakho.
• Sela onke amayeza amiselweyo kunye nonyango njengoko luchaziwe, de lugqitywe ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Musa ukusebenza kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.
• Qhubeka ubeka esweni iimpawu zakho. Ukuba uziva ungaphilanga nangaliphi na ixesha, okanye ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuba i-Covid pneumonia iya isiba ngcono?

Njengoko uqala ukuchacha kwi-COVID pneumonia, akufuneki ube nobunzima bokuphefumla. Njengoko imeko yakho iphucuka, oogqirha bakho baya kunciphisa inani loomatshini osebenza ngabo ukukunceda uphefumle kunye nobungakanani beoksijini oyinikwayo.

Ukuba uziva ngathi ungenza eminye yemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo emva kokuba ufikile ekhaya, oko kukwaluphawu oluhle lokuba uyachacha.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-COVID-19, ezinje ngokulahlekelwa yincasa okanye ivumba, umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, zivavanyelwa i-COVID-19. Ukuba usemngciphekweni we-COVID-19 enzima, okanye ukuba unemibuzo malunga nendlela yokulawula iimpawu zakho, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho.

Ndingaya nini kwigumbi longxamiseko?

Ukuba une-COVID-19 kwayeUkuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba uphawu olukhoyo luya lusiba mandundu, ingakumbi ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, uzive udidekile, awukwazi ukuhlala uphaphile, okanye ukuba ulusu lwakho, imilebe, okanye iinzipho zakho zibonakala zijika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza okanye utsalele umnxeba ku-911.

Abanye abantu baneempawu ezibuthathaka kakhulu ze-COVID-19. Kodwa abanye banokuba neemeko ezinzima ezifana ne-COVID pneumonia. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele iimpawu zakho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 okanye unezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ezinokwenza i-COVID-19 ibe mandundu ngakumbi.

Le ntsholongwane inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngoko ke, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziba zimbi kakhulu, musa ukulibazisa ukubona ugqirha okanye ukuya esibhedlele. Iimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ubunzima bokuhlala uphaphile, ukudideka, kunye nolusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, imilebe, kunye neenzipho aziqhelekanga. Zifuna unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Okokugqibela, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Covid pneumonia ayisiyonto yokudlala ngayo, zihlobo zam. Yingxaki enkulu yeCovid-19.

• Qaphela izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko kunye neempawu ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuthintela yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Gonyelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uzigcine ucocekile.
• Ukuba iimpawu ziba nzima, ingakumbi ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi.

Sonke masilumke size sizame ukuchacha kwesi sifo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uneengxaki, ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha.

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