Ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba xa imizimba yethu igula okanye yenzakala, kubakho idabi elikhulu ngaphakathi ukuze siphiliswe? Sinomkhosi wethu onobuchule bokulwa neentshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezivela ngaphandle kwemizimba yethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Ngoko ke kufuneka kubekho umntu oza kulawula lo mkhosi, adlulisele imiyalezo, aze awathumele kanye apho iintshaba zikhoyo. Ezo zithunywa ziyimfihlo zii-cytokines esithetha ngazo namhlanje.
Zithini kanye kanye ii-cytokines?
Ngamafutshane, ii-cytokine ziiproteni ezincinci ezithumela imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Kufana 'neqela le-WhatsApp' ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Xa kufika isoyikiso esifana nosulelo okanye ukwenzakala emzimbeni, iiseli zokuzikhusela komzimba zikhupha le miyalezo ebizwa ngokuba yi-cytokines. Le miyalezo ixelela ezinye iiseli zokuzikhusela komzimba, "Kukho ingxaki apha, yiza ngokukhawuleza!", "Olu luhlobo lotshaba ekufuneka silwe nalo," kunye "Nenze amajoni amaninzi."
Khawucinge ngentsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho. Ngelo xesha, ezinye iiseli zithumela le miyalezo ye-cytokine, zixelela ezinye iiseli ukuba zilungele ukulwa nale ntsholongwane. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphandle kwezi zithunywa zincinci, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ayizukukwazi ukusebenza kakuhle. Ezi cytokines zinceda ukugcina inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela isempilweni, nokuba akukho bungozi.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili zezi cytokines?
Ewe, njengokuba kukho izikhundla ezahlukeneyo emkhosini, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-cytokines. Uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili.
| Uhlobo lweCytokine | Yintoni omawuyenze ngokulula |
|---|---|
| IiChemokines | Kufana 'neGPS' yeeseli zomzimba ezikhusela umzimba. Ibabonisa indlela eya apho kukho khona usulelo. |
| Ii-Interferons | Xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ithumela umyalezo wesilumkiso kwezinye iiseli, othi, "Nxiba ikhaka lokukhusela!" Ithintela iintsholongwane ekusuleleni umzimba. |
| Ii-Interleukins | Ezi miyalezo zitshintshiselana phakathi kweeseli zomzimba (iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi) kwaye zikwanxibelelana nezinye iiseli. |
| I-Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) | Inceda ekulawuleni ukudumba emzimbeni kwaye ikwanika imiqondiso kwiiseli zomzimba ukuba zitshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. |
| Izinto ezivuselela ikoloni (CSF) | Ezi zinika imiyalelo kwiiseli ze-hematopoietic stem, ezinje ngokuthi "uba yiseli emhlophe yegazi," "uba yiseli ebomvu yegazi," kwaye zijika zibe ziintlobo ezithile zeeseli. |
Ukongeza, ezinye ii-cytokines zithiywa ngokwehlobo lweseli ezizivelisayo:
- IiLymphokines: Zenziwa luhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba ziilymphocytes.
- IiMonokines: Zenziwa luhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba ziimonocytes.
Umsebenzi ophambili wee-cytokines: ukulawula ukudumba
Xa abantu abaninzi besiva igama elithi 'ukudumba', bacinga ukuba yinto embi, luphawu lokugula. Kodwa ukudumba luphawu olubalulekileyo lokuba amajoni ethu omzimba alwa neentshaba okanye alungisa izicwili ezonakeleyo. Khawuthelekelele ukuba ungazisika umnwe wakho, ubuya kuba bomvu, udumbe, kwaye ushushu kancinci, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto ukudumba.
Iicytokines zezona zithumela umyalezo kwiiseli zomzimba, "Kukho ingxaki apha, yiza ngokukhawuleza uphilise eli nxeba, uthintele iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni!"
IiCytokines ikakhulu zibonisa oku kulandelayo:
- Ukusebenza kweseli: Ukuxelela iiseli apho maziye khona nento emaziyenze. Umzekelo, ukukhokela iiseli zomzimba kwindawo yosulelo.
- Ukwahluka kweeseli: Iseli engavuthwanga ixelelwa ukuba "ibe luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezinokulwa nesi sifo."
- Ukwanda kweeseli: Isalathisi sokwenza iiseli ezingaphezulu, okanye iiseli ezingaphezulu. Umzekelo, esi sibonakaliso sinikwa xa kufuneka iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezingaphezulu ukulwa nosulelo olukhulu.
Ii-cytokines ezikhuthaza ukudumba kunye nokulwa nokuvuvukala
Oku kufana ne-accelerator kunye neebhuleki zemoto. Zombini zibalulekile ekulawuleni ngokuchanekileyo indlela inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela esabela ngayo.
- Ii-cytokines ezikhuthaza ukudumba: Ezi zi -accelerators . Xa intsholongwane ingena, zibangela ukudumba kwaye zikhawulezise impendulo yomzimba. Ezi zinika uphawu lokuqalisa umlo.
- Ii-cytokines ezilwa nokuvuvukala: Ezi ziibhuleki . Emva kokoyisa utshaba, ziyayimisa ingozi engakumbi kwizicubu zethu ezisempilweni ngokunciphisa ukudumba nokubuyisela yonke into esiqhelweni.
Njengokuba kubalulekile ukuyeka ukulwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu nokuwuyeka ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ngaphandle koko, iiseli zethu zinokonakala kwaye kunokubakho izifo ezinzulu.
Kwenzeka njani oku kutshintshana kwemiyalezo?
Le yinkqubo enomdla kakhulu. Masiyithelekise nesitshixo kunye nomngxuma wesitshixo.
I-cytokine ifana nesitshixo . Kumphezulu weseli ekufuneka ifumane umyalezo, kukho isitshixo (i-receptor) esingena kweso sitshixo. Xa i-cytokine (isitshixo) ihamba ize iqhagamshelane ne-receptor (isitshixo) kuloo seli, loo seli ifumana umyalezo. Emva koko loo seli isebenza ngokomyalezo.
Kukho iindlela ezintathu zokuthumela le miyalezo:
1. I-Autocrine signaling: Iseli ithumela umyalezo kuyo.
2. I-Paracrine signaling: Iseli ithumela imiyalezo kwiiseli ezikufutshane.
3. Ukuhanjiswa kwemiqondiso ye-endocrine: Iseli ithumela imiyalezo ngegazi kwiiseli ezikude nalo.
Zeziphi iiseli ezivelisa ii-cytokines ezininzi?
Ii-cytokines zihlala ziveliswa ziiseli ezikwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Nangona kunjalo, azizo zodwa iiseli. Ezinye iintlobo zeeseli emizimbeni yethu nazo zinokuzivelisa.
Iiseli zomzimba ezikhusela umzimba
- IiMacrophage
- Iiseli ze-Dendritic
- Iilymphocytes
- Iimonocytes
- Ii-neutrophils
- IiBasophils
- Ii-Eosinophils
- Iiseli zeMast
Ezinye iiseli
- Iiseli ze-Endothelial (iiseli ezingaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi)
- Iiseli ze-epithelial ziiseli ezigubungela umphezulu wezitho zethu.
- Iiseli kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo (iiFibroblast, iiStromal cells)
- Iiseli ezijikeleze imithambo-luvo (iiseli zeSchwann)
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ibhalansi ye-cytokine ilahlekile?
Nangona ii-cytokine zibalulekile kwimpilo yethu, njengayo nayiphi na enye into, ukuba zininzi kakhulu akulunganga. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yosulelo okanye unyango oluthile, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyavuseleleka kakhulu ize iqalise ukuvelisa ii-cytokine ezininzi kakhulu ngaphandle kolawulo.
Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yiCytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) okanye yiCytokine storm . Kufana nokuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba iyaphambana, ihlasela kungekuphela nje iintshaba zethu kodwa neeseli zethu eziphilileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekuvuvukeni okugqithisileyo, ekonakaleni kwezicubu, kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo.
Izifo ezinokubangelwa kukwanda kwee-cytokines:
- Izifo ezizikhusela ngokwazo: Kule meko, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngempazamo iiseli zayo ezisempilweni.
- Iingxaki zemetabolism: Iingxaki kwinkqubo yokuguqula ukutya kube ngamandla.
- Umhlaza.
- I-Sepsis: Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Ukudumba okukhulu emzimbeni kubangela ukuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya kumalungu omzimba abalulekileyo. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango kwaye inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa.
Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike ingcebiso .
Uvavanyo lwephaneli yeCytokine
Oogqirha banokubona ukuba umzimba wakho unee-cytokines ezininzi kakhulu okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu. Uvavanyo lwegazi lubizwa ngokuba yi-cytokine panel . Lulinganisa amanqanaba ee-cytokines egazini lakho ezibandakanyeka ekuvuvukeni. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika unyango lokulawula ukuvuvuka ukuba unee-cytokines ezininzi kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IiCytokines ziikhemikhali ezithunyelwayo ezibalulekileyo kunxibelelwano kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
- Ezi zisebenza ukulwa nosongelo emzimbeni, ukubangela 'ukudumba', kunye nokuwumisa xa umlo uphelile.
- Ukulinganisela okufanelekileyo kwee-cytokines kubalulekile kwimpilo entle. Ukuba zininzi okanye zincinci kakhulu kunokukhokelela kwisifo.
- 'Isiphepho se-cytokine' sisifo esibi kakhulu esibangelwa kukusabela okugqithisileyo kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Ukuba uneengxaki okanye iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela, soloko ucela ingcebiso kwingcali yezonyango efanelekileyo.
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