I-ADD kunye ne-ADHD: Yintoni umahluko? (Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukuqaphela into ethile)

Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala elahleka kwihlabathi lamaphupha esikolweni? Ngaba uzulazula ngokulula aye kwelinye ihlabathi xa enikwa umsebenzi wesikolo okanye ngelixa efunda? Okanye, ngaba uhlala ezulazula aze azulazule ngaphandle kokuhlala kwindawo enye? Xa ubona izinto ezinje, ungazibuza, "Ngaba lo mntwana une-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)?" Kwangaxeshanye, abanye banokubuza, "Ngaba oku akubizwa ngokuba yi-ADD? Ngaba ezo zinto zimbini ziyafana?" Mhlawumbi wena, njengomntu omdala, ngoku ucinga ngezi ngxaki ubunazo ukususela ebuntwaneni.

Ngaba i-ADD kunye ne-ADHD zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokwenene?

Ngamafutshane, akunjalo ngokwenene. La ngamagama amabini emeko efanayo. Kodwa into ebalulekileyo kukuba oogqirha abasasebenzisi igama elithi ``ADD'' . Ligama elidala. Nangona abantu besasebenzisa igama elithi ``ADD'' namhlanje, alilonyango olusemthethweni. Umntu owayebizwa ngokuba ngu-``ADD'' ngoku ubizwa ngokuba ngu-``ADHD'' ngokubhekiselele kwenye yeentlobo ezintathu zemeko.

Enyanisweni, ukuba ujonga imbali yoku, kwakungeminyaka yoo-1980 apho le meko yengqondo yanikwa igama elithi ``ADD - Attention Deficit Disorder``. Ngelo xesha, kwakukho iintlobo ezimbini zayo - ``ADD`` enokusebenza kakhulu kunye ``ADD`` engenakusebenza kakhulu.

Kodwa ngo-1987, oogqirha batshintsha igama laba yi-"ADHD - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." Ukususela ngoko, le meko ibibizwa ngokuba yi-"ADHD." Kwaye ngoku siyazi ukuba ayipheleli nje kubantwana abancinci, kwaye abantwana abaninzi abane-"ADHD" bayaqhubeka bephila nale meko de babe badala.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD?

Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukuqwalasela (ADHD) yimeko enxulumene nengqondo, enxulumene nophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo. Ayikokukruquka okanye ubuvila bomntwana. Inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumsebenzi wesikolo womntwana, umsebenzi wesikolo wasekhaya, kunye nemisebenzi yobomi bemihla ngemihla. Abantwana abane-ADHD banengxaki kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili.

1. Ubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo ( ukungakhathali ):

Khawuthelekelele, ufundisa umntwana isifundo. Emva kwexesha elithile, umntwana ujonge ngefestile. Okanye edlala ngepeni esandleni sakhe. Kubonakala ngathi akakuva oko ukuthethayo. Uhlala elahlekelwa zizinto, akazi ukuba angayilungiselela njani imisebenzi yakhe, kwaye uhlala elahlekile emaphupheni akhe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-attention deficit disorder.

2. Ukungxama:

Oku kumalunga nokwenza ngaphambi kokuba ucinge. Ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo ngaphambi kokuba ugqitywe. Ukuphazamisa abanye xa bethetha. Ukungabi namonde wokulinda ithuba labo. Ukwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokucinga ngemiphumo yexesha elide.

3. Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo :

Aba bantwana banengxaki yokuhlala kwindawo enye. Nokuba bahleli esitulweni, bahlala bedlala, bedlala, kwaye bezama ukuvuka bahambe. Abanakuhlala kwindawo enye nokuba kwiindawo apho kufuneka bathule khona, njengaseklasini okanye etafileni yesidlo sangokuhlwa. Bahlala bebaleka, betsiba, kwaye benyuka. Kufana nokuba banenjini enamathele emizimbeni yabo kwaye bahlala "behamba."

Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD

Okwangoku, oogqirha bengqondo bahlula i-ADHD kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lweempawu zakho okanye zomntwana wakho ezihambelana kakhulu.

1. Intetho Engakhathaliyo Kakhulu

Oku koko abantu abaninzi babekubiza ngokuba yi-`(ADD)`. Aba bantwana abanalo uxinezeleko okanye ukungakhathali okukhulunywe ngako ngaphambili. Yiyo loo nto kunzima kancinci ukubabona aba bantwana. Badla ngokuthula, babe neentloni, kwaye banokubonakala ngathi bakwihlabathi labo. Basenokuba ngabantwana "abaphuphayo" eklasini. Uphawu oluphambili kukungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo.

2. Ukubonakaliswa Okugqithisileyo Nokushukuma Okugqithisileyo

Aba bantwana basenokungabi nangxaki enkulu yokuqwalasela. Kodwa abanakuhlala kwindawo enye. Banamandla amaninzi, kwaye badla ngokungaphumli kwaye banomkhwa wokungxama. Ezi mpawu zibonakala lula, ngoko ke olu hlobo kulula ukulubona.

3. Inkcazo-ntetho edibeneyo

Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu hlobo lomntwana lubonakalisa indibaniselwano yezi mpawu zimbini zingasentla. Oko kukuthi, banobunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo, ngelixa bekwabonakalisa iimpawu zokuzingisa kakhulu kunye neempawu zokungxama.

Le theyibhile ingezantsi inokukunceda uqonde ezi mpawu ngokucacileyo.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-ADHD? (Ukuxilongwa)

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga i-ADHD. Musa ukucinga nje ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD. Zininzi ezinye iimeko ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifana ne-ADHD.

Umzekelo:

• Iingxaki zokulala
• Ixhala
• Uxinzelelo
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
• Iingxaki ze-thyroid
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuva okanye ukubona

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubona ingcali efanelekileyo, njengogqirha wabantwana, ugqirha wengqondo, okanye ingcali yengqondo yabantwana, ukuze kufunyanwe isifo esichanekileyo.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga ingabandakanya:

• Ingxoxo eneenkcukacha: Ugqirha uza kufumana ulwazi kuwe, kumntwana wakho, nakootitshala bomntwana wakho.
• Izikali zokulinganisa ukuziphatha: Abazali nootitshala banikwa imibuzo ekhethekileyo (izikali zokulinganisa ukuziphatha) ukuze bayizalise ukuze kuvavanywe iindlela zokuziphatha komntwana.
• Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba: Oku kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ezinye iimeko zomzimba, kuquka ukuva nokubona.
• Ukuthintela ezinye iimeko: Ugqirha uza kuqwalasela ukuba utshintsho olukhulu olusandula ukwenzeka ebomini bomntwana (umz., uqhawulo-mtshato lwabazali, ukufa kwelungu losapho) lunokuba ngunobangela wale ndlela yokuziphatha.

Ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba une-ADHD, ezi mpawu kufuneka zihlale ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 . Kwakhona, ezinye zeempawuKufuneka ukuba yaqala ngaphambi kokuba ifikelele kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala. Ukongeza, ezi mpawu kufuneka zibekho kwiindawo ezimbini nangaphezulu (umz., ekhaya nasesikolweni) kwaye kufuneka zichaphazele kakhulu ubudlelwane bomntwana noluntu, imfundo, njl.